Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Bayraktar, Bülent(13)
- Yavuz, Mehmet(10)
- Kayalı, Bünyami(8)
- Erdoğan, Yaşar(7)
- Isik, Cem(7)
- Kul, Murat(7)
- Makas, Samet(7)
- Ongan, Serdar(7)
- Yayla, İbrahim Erdoğan(7)
- Akeren, Zahide(6)
- Akeren, İhsan(6)
- Boz, Emre(6)
- Bozkurt, Aras(6)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(6)
- Engin, Mustafa Alptekin(6)
- Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays(6)
- Kalyoncuo, Servet(6)
- Kotan, Gökşad Cemil(6)
- Çolak, Murat(6)
- Ayata, Ümit(5)
- Aydemir, Uğur(5)
- Bayram, Sinan(5)
- Cakir, Mehmet(5)
- Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim(5)
- Ceylan, Nagihan Burcak(5)
- Colak, Murat(5)
- Dergaa, Ismail(5)
- Dertli, Enes(5)
- Dhahbi, Wissem(5)
- Dombak, Kübra(5)
- Esmer, Yusuf(5)
- Gul, Volkan(5)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(5)
- Kutlu, Naciye(5)
- Köktürk, Seda Nur(5)
- Muntean, Raul Ioan(5)
- Tutkun, Cansu(5)
- Yarımkaya, Erkan(5)
- Yıldız, Ümit(5)
- Çakır, Zekai(5)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1How accurately do large Language models interpret sport safeguarding principles: an evaluation using the International Olympic Committee framework
Gökmen, Mehmet Yiğit; Belibağlı, Mehmet Cenk; Karıncaoğlu, Ergin; Nazlıcan, Mahmut Çağatay; Türkmen, Eren; Yönal, Mehmet; Uluöz, Eren
Background: Safeguarding in sport, defined as the prevention of abuse, harassment, and exploitation, has become a core ethical responsibility for sport organizations. With the growing influence of artificial intelligence, large language models are increasingly being used to interpret, summarize, and operationalize policy documents. However, their reasoning fidelity in value-laden contexts such as athlete protection remains uncertain. Methods: This document-based comparative study evaluated two advanced large language models, ChatGPT (OpenAI) and NotebookLM (Google), against twenty-five decision points derived from the 2024 International Olympic Committee Consensus on Interpersonal Violence and Safeguarding in Sport. Responses were independently scored by two evaluators across four dimensions: accuracy, ethical reasoning, applicability, and responsibility awareness. Quantitative and qualitative analyses assessed concordance with IOC recommendations, inter-rater reliability, and reasoning patterns. Structured PICO-style prompts were used to ensure standardized and comparable model interrogation across all decision points. Results: ChatGPT achieved a higher mean composite score (3.84 ± 0.41) than NotebookLM (3.32 ± 0.77) (Wilcoxon Z = 3.41, p = 0.001, r = 0.68; n = 25 paired decision points), with full concordance in 21/25 (84.0%) versus 14/25 (56.0%) decision points. Inter-rater agreement was excellent (Cohen’s kappa = 0.89). ChatGPT demonstrated stronger procedural reasoning and clearer alignment with IOC-defined responsibilities, while NotebookLM emphasized empathy and cultural nuance. Both models underperformed in survivor-centred reasoning and outcome evaluation metrics. Conclusion: LLMs can partially reproduce the ethical and procedural logic embedded in sport safeguarding frameworks, but their reasoning remains incomplete without human oversight. Their integration into governance, education, and policy translation should follow clear ethical guardrails to prevent misinterpretation or amplification of harm. These systems may support policy drafting, education, and communication, yet they should function strictly as augmentative tools rather than independent decision-makers. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically benchmark LLM reasoning against an official international safeguarding framework in sport. Future research should evaluate interactive and multilingual applications to enhance contextual accuracy and equitable safeguarding outcomes.
AtıfScopus1WoS1
İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026Evaluation of the Role of Local Foods within the Scope of Sustainable Tourism Principles
Ünlü, Hami; Apak, Ömer Ceyhun
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Pickled Cabbage Waste: Process Optimisation, Characterisation and Application in Low-Sugar Jam
Cebeci Aydın, Fatma; Erten, Tayyibe
This study optimised pectin extraction from pickled cabbage waste using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), characterised the extracted pectin, and explored its potential for low-sugar jam production. The Box–Behnken design concluded that the optimal conditions are 539 W (microwave power), 116 s (time), and pH 1.5, yielding a pectin yield of 22.53 ± 2.63%. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the microwave-extracted pectin (MEP) was low methoxyl and had a high molecular weight (1.20 ± 0.004 MDa). It was composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose and glucose. FTIR, 1H NMR and SEM results also confirmed structural characteristics of MEP. MEP was confirmed to have remarkable technological properties, including an emulsion activity of 53.43 ± 2.19% and good stability over 30 days at 4 °C and 24 °C. Moreover, it has an oil-holding capacity of 1.18 ± 0.51 g oil/g pectin and an elevated water-holding capacity (9.36 ± 3.25 g water/g pectin). The application of MEP as a stabiliser in low-sugar jam enhanced viscoelastic characteristics of jam, like apple pectin, and G′ > G″ confirmed the improved shelf-life stability at 25 °C. This study emphasised that microwave-assisted extraction can be a sustainable, time- and energy-saving method for the valorisation of pickled cabbage waste, and highlighted the effect of MEP on the characteristics of low-sugar jam.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Molecularly engineered bacterial biopolymer as multifunctional interfacial regulators for dendrite-free and stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Adhami, Sadaf; Bayram, Sinan; Coskun, Sahin; Sonmezoglu, Savas; Yuksel, Recep
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and high theoretical capacity. However, their practical application remains hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), anode corrosion, and passivation. Herein, we introduce a sustainable and scalable strategy based on a bacterial eumelanin biopolymer (S2–20), synthesized via the oxidative metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with indole derivatives, and directly deposited onto Zn foil via spin coating. The S2–20 biopolymer provides a conformal, ion-permeable interface that simultaneously guides uniform Zn nucleation, enhances electrolyte wettability, and suppresses parasitic side reactions. Symmetric cells demonstrate significantly increased Zn2+ transference number (0.908), and prolonged cycling stability exceeding 1200 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 200 h under harsh conditions up to 20 mA cm−2. Full cells with V2O5 cathodes further confirm remarkable specific capacity (374 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1) and capacity retention, maintaining 150.5 mAh g−1 after 2200 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. This work presents the first demonstration of a bacterial eumelanin biopolymer as a multifunctional interfacial stabilizer for Zn metal, offering a truly green, cost-effective, and scalable pathway toward safe and sustainable aqueous ZIBs.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1The role of the 2023 earthquakes in the competencies and critical thinking skills of teacher candidates in Türkiye
Görgülü, Deniz; Cömert, Melike; Demir, Mustafa; Şahin, Çiğdem
Background: The impact of natural disasters on the professional development of teacher candidates has, to date, primarily been investigated in relation to psychological well-being and trauma. Nevertheless, the association between these extreme events and teacher candidates’ personal and professional competencies, as well as their critical thinking skills, remains insufficiently addressed in the literature. In particular, for teacher candidates who directly experienced the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye, there exists a distinct need for comprehensive research that integrates both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Methods: This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. In the quantitative phase, the Personal-Professional Competencies Perception Scale (PPCPS) and the Critical Thinking Standards Scale (CTSS) were administered to 304 teacher candidates at İnönü University who directly experienced the 2023 earthquakes. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 purposively selected participants to contextualize and deepen the quantitative findings. Results: A positive, significant, and strong correlation was found between critical thinking skills and personal and professional competency (r =.657, p <.01). Qualitative findings revealed that in the post-earthquake period, teacher candidates developed positive perceptions of critical thinking, particularly under the themes of developing different perspectives, empathy, and increased awareness; however, the inefficiency of distance education, communication problems, and psychological difficulties negatively affected their perceptions of professional competence. Conclusion: Research findings indicate that the earthquakes had a bidirectional impact on teacher candidates' perceptions of competence and critical thinking. Among these İnönü University teacher candidates, traumatic experiences appeared to enhance cognitive and critical awareness consistent with Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) theory, while simultaneously weakening teacher candidates’ perceptions of professional competence, owing to distance learning disruptions and psychological challenges. These findings highlight that post-disaster teacher education processes should focus not only on academic sustainability but also on structural arrangements that support critical thinking, psychological resilience, and professional competencies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3Effects of Different Adhesive Ratios on Selected Panel Properties of High-Density Fiberboard (HDF) Produced from Fir and Beech Chips
Çamlıbel, Osman; Ayata, Ümit
High-density fiberboard (HDF) has been utilized in various forest-based industries for centuries. This study investigated the effects of different adhesive ratios on the properties of HDF through a series of tests. The panels, designed in particular for this study, had been produced in a laboratory putting the usage of a combination of 70% fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana) and 30% beech (Fagus orientalis L.) fibers sourced from the western Black Sea area of Turkey. Two adhesive levels were tested: 10.73% for panel I and 11.30% for panel II, both calculated based on dry fiber weight. We assessed several physical and mechanical properties, including density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), hardness, water absorption, and through-thickness swell, in accordance with standard testing methods. The results indicated that both adhesive levels produced panels meeting the general performance requirements for HDF. Panel II, which contained slightly more adhesive, demonstrated marginally better performance in specific strength and dimensional stability tests. Overall, the findings suggest that optimizing adhesive usage in industrial HDF production can help establish a balance between the performance requirements of the boards and cost-effectiveness in production.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Analysis of thermal energy storage in batch processes using phase change materials
Kaya, Nur Efşan; Ceviz, Mehmet Akif; Afshari, Faraz; Mandev, Emre; Köksal, Hüseyin
Batch reactors are widely utilized in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to their simplicity, ease of operation, and maintenance. However, efficient energy management remains a key challenge, especially for systems operating under intermittent conditions. While phase-change materials (PCMs) offer potential for improving energy efficiency by storing and reusing waste heat, integrating heat storage within reactors can compromise their volume and design. This study introduces a novel approach by designing and experimentally testing a PCM heat battery positioned outside the reactor to reduce energy consumption cost in batch processes. By focusing on peak load shifting, the PCM heat battery stores thermal energy during off-peak periods, reducing operational costs and enhancing energy efficiency. The results indicate that energy operating costs can be significantly reduced with a PCM heat battery. Specifically, utilizing the PCM battery under a three-time tariff allows for the efficient use of energy stored at night, reducing the energy cost per batch process by approximately 8%, from 1.72 TL ($0.041) to 1.59 TL ($0.037) for facilities starting operations at 08:00. Furthermore, the findings suggest potential applications in systems like solar energy and highlight the benefits of peak load shifting, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for energy management in batch processing.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Low-velocity impact analysis of metal-composite joints with grain-refined A356 and reinforced epoxy adhesive using six node pentahedron cohesive elements
Erbayrak, Engin; Colak, Murat; Noberi, Cansu
This study evaluates the strength of double lap joints composed of metal composite adherends and epoxy adhesive subjected to low impact energies (20 J, 40 J). The study was carried out through experimental and numerical methods to understand the strength of lap joints comprehensively. In the production of double lap joints, A356 aluminum and grain-refined aluminum adherends were used as the metal components. To refine the grain structure, titanium (Ti) and boron (B) were added to the liquid metal at a rate of 0.01% of the total metal weight (A356-TiB). The composite laminates consisted of glass/epoxy and aramid/epoxy, made with unidirectionally oriented fibers. Araldite 2015 epoxy adhesive, available in both unreinforced and copolyester-reinforced forms, was utilized to bond the metal and composite materials. In the numerical analysis of double-lap joints, the metal and composite adherends are modeled using 8-node solid elements, while the adhesive is represented by 6-node pentahedron cohesive elements. Furthermore, a surface-to-surface, two-way treatment of contact was created between the impactor and the metal adherend. Consequently, the maximum impact loads obtained from the numerical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results for both impact energies.
AtıfScopus4WoS5OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Sport Participation and Happiness Among Veteran Footballers: The Mediating Role of Social Capital
Adatepe, Eda; Kul, Murat; Özkan, Ali; Kırkbir, Fatih; Öz, Ümit; Ünlü, Yılmaz; Seleciler, Cansu; Boz, Emre
Aim: As the global population is aging rapidly, promoting physical activity in later life is increasingly seen as a good strategy to enhance and sustain the social and psychological well-being of older adults from a positive aging perspective. This study explored how social capital influences the relationship between playing football and happiness in veteran footballers. Specifically, it aimed to understand if social capital acts as a mediator between these two factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a convenience sample of 423 veteran footballers aged from 38 to 59 years who completed a survey at 35th Sakarya Veterans Football Tournament in Sakarya in north-west Turkey. Football participation was assessed using the Serious Leisure Inventory. Social capital was assessed in both cognitive and structural aspects. A single-item scale assessed general happiness. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients and were calculated using SPSS (version 24) to assess the direction and strength of the links between the investigated variables. Path coefficients were calculated through regression analyses. For testing mediation effects, the study utilized Hayes’ bootstrapping method, executed with the Version 4.2 Beta of the PROCESS macro. Results: According to the research findings, the direct effect of football participation on happiness was determined to be 0.43 (p < 0.01). While community involvement played a significant mediating role with a coefficient of 0.11 (95% CI [0.05, 0.15]), the social trust and neighborhood dimensions of social capital did not yield statistically significant effects. Collectively, the model explains 24% of the variance in happiness (R2 = 0.24), with a total effect of football participation calculated at 0.57 (p = 0.000). Conclusions: it is believed that social environments that include participation in sport can contribute to successful and comfortable aging by greatly enhancing the overall well-being and happiness of older athletes/adults.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Strategy instruction integrated with realistic mathematics education: A design-based research on teaching word problem solving to students with learning disabilities
Fılız, Tunahan; Öztel, Nur Çağlayan
This study used a design-based research method to explore how to design realistic mathematics education principles integrated into strategy instruction for teaching word problem solving to students with learning disabilities. The study was divided into two iterative research phases lasting 3 semesters in which the differentiation of word problem solving strategy steps for 12 third-grade students with learning disabilities was explored. During the two iterations, a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis procedures were used to examine the impact of the designed strategies on the word problem solving achievement of students with learning disabilities and to explore students' feedback on the worksheets. After two designbased iteration phases, it was concluded that the redesigned STAR worksheets with realistic mathematics education significantly increased the word problem solving achievement of students with learning disabilities. This design, which increased students' motivation and enhanced classroom interaction, also improved students’ overall problem solving performance and discussion participation. Possible studies for the next phases of the design-based research study are also discussed.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1The effect of virtual school tour on preschool children’s school adjustment
Kotaman, Hüseyin; Balci, Asli; Kilic, Zeynep Nur Aydin; Tutkun, Cansu
Starting school for the first time can be a challenging transition for young children and their families. This study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine the impact of a virtual school tour on the school adjustment process of kindergarten students who are about to start school for the first time. The study included 18 kindergarten teachers and a total of 359 children, with 176 in the treatment group and 183 in the control group. Children in the treatment group viewed a 6–10 min interactive 360° virtual tour of their school before the school year began, while those in the control group did not receive any preparatory intervention. Children’s school adjustment was assessed three weeks after school entry using the School Adjustment Teacher Evaluation Scale, which measures school avoidance, school liking, cooperative participation, and self-directiveness. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed that children in the treatment group demonstrated significantly lower school avoidance (U = 13266, p =.002, r =.164), higher school liking (U = 11221, p <.001, r =.284), and greater cooperative participation (U = 8541.5, p <.001, r =.860) than those in the control group, with no significant difference for self-directiveness. Qualitative findings supported these results, indicating that the virtual tour increased children’s familiarity with the school, reduced separation anxiety, and facilitated smoother communication between parents and teachers. Teachers reported that participating children entered school “as if it were already familiar,” adapted more quickly, and interacted more readily with peers and teachers. This study contributes to early childhood education by offering a scalable, low-cost, technology-based strategy for easing school transitions. Findings suggest that virtual school tours can be a practical tool for improving children’s early school experiences and enhancing family-school partnerships.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Multi-level Emergency Remote Teaching Framework for K–12 Distance Education: A Stakeholder-based Qualitative Study
Kayali, Bünyami; Karaman, Selçuk
This study develops a multi-level Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) framework for K–12 distance education, grounded in the experiences of students, teachers, parents, and administrators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior ERT research has predominantly focused on single stakeholder groups or produced descriptive findings without synthesizing perspectives into a structured response model. Using a qualitative case study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 100 participants (25 per stakeholder group) selected through maximum variation sampling. Thematic content analysis was employed to identify convergent and divergent priorities across groups, which were subsequently mapped onto the five layers of the Holistic Analytical Layer Framework (HALF): policy, system, program, course, and activity, based on their functional relevance to each layer. Findings indicate that digital infrastructure functions as a foundational system-level prerequisite shared across all stakeholder groups, while pedagogical, psychosocial, and governance priorities diverge by role. Teachers emphasized assessment reliability and instructional continuity; students highlighted engagement and psychosocial support; parents stressed communication and guidance mechanisms; while administrators prioritized governance flexibility and decision-making autonomy. The resulting framework positions ERT not as an isolated emergency improvisation but as a coordinated, multi-layered response architecture that aligns stakeholder expectations across interconnected educational layers and supports the coordination of policy, infrastructure, programmatic planning, and instructional practices during crisis periods. The study contributes to the distance education literature by transforming multi-stakeholder perspectives into an integrated framework and extending the aspplication of HALF to emergency education contexts. For e-learning practice, the framework offers school administrators and policymakers a concrete diagnostic tool for auditing crisis-preparedness across governance, infrastructure, and instructional layers, while offering teacher educators a basis for designing professional development that addresses both technical and psychosocial readiness for remote instruction. Given its single-region, qualitative design, the framework should be understood as a context-sensitive foundation for future empirical validation rather than a universally transferable model.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Acute Music-Frequency Exposure Modulates Salivary Stress and Neurotrophic Markers in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bozok, Ümmü Gülşen; Özcan, Gülbahar Böyük; Bayraktar, Bülent; Özen, Doğukan
Background: The exam period is a period full of intense stress and anxiety that deeply affects cognitive and physiological responses for university students. Listening to music has the potential to protect cellular health and alleviate the negative effects of stress by affecting individuals' mood, and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of 528 and 432 Hz music frequencies on salivary BDNF, CREB, and GRP78 levels in young adults, along with their association with cognitive performance under exam-related stress. Methods: A total of 162 healthy university students were randomly assigned to three groups: no music (control), 528 Hz instrumental music, and 432 Hz instrumental music. Participants listened to music for 20 min, after which saliva samples were collected and analyzed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) levels using ELISA. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Stroop word-color test administered by medical doctor. Results: Exposure to 528 Hz music significantly increased salivary BDNF (3.84 [2.76–4.13]) and CREB levels (1.5 [1.38–1.59]) compared to control (p < 0.05), whereas GRP78 levels were elevated in the 432 Hz group (0.51 [0.47–0.58]) (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups in Stroop test performance. Conclusion: These findings suggest that specific music frequencies elicit distinct biological responses under exam-related stress, even in the absence of immediate cognitive performance differences. Salivary neurotrophic and stress-related biomarkers may offer valuable non-invasive insights into music's neuromodulatory effects. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: AMU-EC-8522.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Optimizing Budget Allocation for Digital Health Investments Using Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Cost–Impact Analysis for Public Health Systems
Dayi, Faruk; Erdogdu, Aylin; Esmer, Yusuf; Yildiz, Ferah; Ganji, Farshad
Background: In the era of digital transformation, public health systems increasingly rely on digital technologies to improve accessibility, efficiency, and patient outcomes. However, policymakers face significant challenges in allocating limited resources across competing digital health investments characterized by uncertainty and dynamic impacts. Methods: This study introduces the Adaptive Impact–Cost Optimization Theory (AICOT), a hybrid framework integrating fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms to optimize digital health investment portfolios. The model defines the Investment Priority Score (IPS) as a function of cost, expected impact, and implementation feasibility, enabling structured evaluation under uncertainty. A fuzzy inference system with centroid-based defuzzification is used to convert qualitative assessments into quantitative scores, while optimization techniques identify optimal portfolios across different fiscal scenarios. The empirical analysis covers 15 OECD countries (2018–2024) using publicly available datasets. Sensitivity analyses assess robustness under inflation, cost shocks, and changing system priorities. Results: The findings show that blended investment strategies combining routine digital health tools with pandemic-oriented infrastructures yield the highest resilience-adjusted efficiency. Results remain stable across sensitivity scenarios, with pandemic surveillance consistently ranking as a top priority even under increased cost conditions. The model effectively captures cross-country heterogeneity, demonstrating adaptability to different levels of digital maturity. Conclusions: AICOT provides a transparent and policy-relevant decision-support framework that improves resource allocation efficiency and reduces unnecessary expenditures. These contributions support long-term financial sustainability and align with global health objectives, including Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being).
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Multidimensional characterization of graphite anode degradation in used lithium-ion batteries under real-life conditions
Temur, Hakan; Kara, Adem
The degradation of graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries remains a critical barrier to extending cycle life and enabling efficient recycling. This study employs a multi-technique approach combining XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, ICP-MS, and XPS to investigate degradation mechanisms in graphite anodes recovered from commercial spent mobile phone batteries. While unused reference anodes show no significant degradation, spent anodes exhibit surface cracks, porous networks, heterogeneous SEI growth, and pronounced oxygen/fluorine accumulation. FTIR and XRD confirm increased LiF and Li2CO3 formation, indicating electrolyte decomposition and structural breakdown. ICP-MS reveals transition metal migration (Co, Ni, Mn) and current collector corrosion (Cu, Al), which correlate with degradation severity. Surface-sensitive XPS analysis further resolves a progressive degradation pathway: from limited SEI formation in low-degradation samples, through concurrent corrosion and metal crossover in medium-degradation samples, to extensive LiF-rich SEI accumulation in the most degraded samples. These findings are consistent with a self-accelerating chain-reaction mechanism wherein electrolyte decomposition, metal migration, and corrosion synergistically accelerate capacity fade. This study proposes a mechanistic framework for understanding heterogeneous degradation in real-world spent batteries and offers a practical, multi-technique diagnostic tool for recycling and second-life applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Machine Learning-Based Material Thickness and Type Classification via Scattering Parameters
Engin, Mustafa Alptekin; Cakir, Mehmet
The precise determination of material type and thickness is of major significance in non-destructive testing, quality assurance, and materials science, as it influences the functionality, reliability, and performance of materials in engineering applications. This study proposes a methodology for the classification of material thickness and type through the analysis of scattering parameters within the 8–12 GHz frequency range. A database was created, encompassing real, imaginary, and dB values of reflection and transmission parameters for nine real-world materials with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 10 mm. This study addressed two main classification tasks, namely material thickness and material type. A variety of training–testing splits were employed in conjunction with 10-fold cross-validation to facilitate a comparison of classifier performance. In the material type classification, incorporating multiple thickness levels of each material enabled the model to distinguish materials with similar reflection characteristics more accurately, thereby enhancing discrimination performance. The results showed that Fine KNN consistently achieved 100% accuracy in thickness classification, while Quadratic SVM achieved 100% accuracy in material type classification, even when utilising only three thickness levels. Furthermore, the 90% training–10% testing split yielded the highest performance in thickness classification, whereas the optimal data split for material type classification differed across classifiers. Overall, this study demonstrates that the combination of scattering parameters and machine learning serves as a reliable and efficient approach for non-destructive material characterization.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Permittivity Extraction of Electrically Thin Samples by Reflection-Only Free-Space Measurements
Hasar, Ugur C.; Xue, Bing; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Kaya, Yunus; Ozturk, Gokhan
A permittivity extraction procedure is devised for electrically thin samples from reflection-only free-space measurements. Unlike previous studies, this procedure relies on sample-back metal termination measurements especially useful for thinner samples. An objective function independent of antenna transmission characteristics and reference plane position is derived. Minimum and maximum thickness and permittivity values for which our method is applicable are also examined. Free-space measurements at X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) of a Rogers 4350B sample (approx 1.52 mm) and a FR4 sample (1.60 mm) were performed to validate our method with a dielectric constant less than 5% variation.
AtıfScopus1WoS1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1A comprehensive parametric study of contact behavior in functionally graded bilayer systems
Öner, Erdal; Artar, Pınar Tuğçe
An extensive body of research in contact mechanics has been conducted due to its broad relevance to numerous engineering systems of practical interest. The investigation of contact behavior in deformable bodies represents a major challenge in engineering, as it plays a crucial role in the performance of structural and mechanical systems. Due to its importance, the field has received considerable attention in the literature. The present study focuses on analyzing the contact problem of a two-layered system composed of a functionally graded orthotropic layer (FGOL) and a functionally graded isotropic layer (FGIL). The layered system is fully bonded to a rigid substrate (RS), and frictional effects are neglected. No bonding is assumed between the two layers. The system is subjected to loading through a flat-ended rigid indenter (FERI), and the body forces of both layers are incorporated into the formulation. In the solution of the contact problem, the condition of constant vertical displacement (and thus its zero derivative) under the FERI is defined as the boundary condition; it is subsequently reduced to a singular integral equation through the application of Fourier integral transform techniques. This integral equation is subsequently solved numerically by applying the Gauss–Chebyshev integration formula. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted with respect to different material configurations and various dimensionless parameters, providing detailed insight into the mechanical response of the functionally graded layered system.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Secondary school students’ reading culture and ıts role in critical reading self-efficacy perceptions
Maden, Aslı; Maden, Sedat; Önal, Aydın
Background: This study examines the relationship between secondary school students' reading culture and their critical reading self-efficacy (CRSE), addressing a gap in the literature on affective factors associated with critical literacy. Understanding this relationship is crucial for promoting sustainable reading practices and fostering critical engagement among adolescents. Methods: A correlational survey design was employed with 214 secondary school students (ages 11–14) from public schools in Türkiye. Data were collected using the Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Scale (19 items, four subdimensions) and the Reading Culture Scale (30 items, multidimensional). Reliability coefficients were satisfactory (α =.80 and α =.89, respectively). After confirming normality assumptions, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between variables. Results: Students' mean CRSE scores were above average, while their reading culture levels were moderate. CRSE did not differ significantly by grade level or gender, whereas reading culture levels were higher among Grade 8 students compared to Grade 7. A strong positive correlation was found between CRSE and reading culture (r ≈.63, p <.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that reading culture was significantly associated with CRSE, accounting for 39% of the variance. Among the subdimensions, personal development and reading relations and basic reading skills were significantly associated with CRSE, whereas visual reading and book selection were not (p >.05). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between students' reading culture and their CRSE. These results suggest that students with higher levels of reading culture tend to report higher levels of critical reading self-efficacy. Educational programs may benefit from considering activities related to the difficulty and research dimensions of CRSE. Future studies are recommended to examine these relationships across diverse populations using longitudinal or experimental designs.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4Turkish Students’ Use of NotebookLM in an Online Digital Literacy Course
Kayali, Bünyami; Yavuz, Mehmet
This experimental study investigates the effects of using NotebookLM on students’ academic achievement and students’ assessment of NotebookLM in online digital literacy courses in higher education. It was conducted using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. A one-group pretest–posttest model was employed. During a five-week intervention, 33 Turkish students used NotebookLM for summarizing, concept mapping, and scenario-based problem-solving activities. Data was collected from a pretest, posttest, and interviews. Quantitative data was projected into SPSS 27 for analysis, and qualitative data was thematically analysed. Results reveal a significant difference between the pretest score (M = 66.90, SD = 10.26) and posttest score (M = 74.90, SD = 13.16) in terms of academic achievement, t(32) = −3.51, p = 0.001. The effect size was moderate (Cohen’s d = 0.68). Interview data shows that the students perceived NotebookLM as helpful for comprehension, time efficiency, motivation, and feedback, though constrained by language support and occasional technical problems. The findings suggest implications for using NotebookLM in online courses in higher education in Turkey.