Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Dertli, Enes(17)
- İspirli, Hümeyra(8)
- Bulut, Ayhan(7)
- Şahin, Engin(7)
- Esmer, Yusuf(6)
- Tekce, Emre(6)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(6)
- Alım, Bünyamin(5)
- Arslaner, Ayla(5)
- Battal, Fetullah(5)
- Bayraktar, B.(5)
- Sayyed, M.I.(5)
- Aksakal, Vecihi(4)
- Ayata, Ümit(4)
- Bayraktar, Bülent(4)
- Bayram, Ozkan(4)
- Bayram, Sinan(4)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(4)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(4)
- Gıdık, Betül(4)
- Kaya, Metin(4)
- Mercan, Emin(4)
- Sever, Mehmet(4)
- Takma, Çiğdem(4)
- Taylan, Osman(4)
- Tekce, E.(4)
- Yilmaz, Fatih(4)
- Özdemir, Akın(4)
- Öztürk, Mesut(4)
- Akpolat, Hacer(3)
- Ayazoglu, Rabil(3)
- Birinci, Ahmet(3)
- Dayı, Özkan(3)
- Erbayrak, Engin(3)
- Eygu, Hakan(3)
- Göktaş, Bora(3)
- Gökçe, H.S.(3)
- Gülhan, Ünal(3)
- Güzel, Ferdi(3)
- Kara, Adnan(3)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Evaluation the gamma, charged particle and fast neutron shielding performances of some important AISI-coded stainless steels: Part II
Alım, Bünyamin; Şakar, Erdem; Han, İbrahim; Sayyed, M.I.
This is the second part of a two-part study on the investigation of radiation shielding performances of some important AISI-coded stainless steels (AISI-302, 304, 321 and 430). Part 1 addressed experimental evaluation by means of measured photon-material interaction parameters. In this second part, we focused on the calculation and discussion of other interaction parameters, which are a guide to choice optimum shielding materials in the nuclear processes for the present AISI-coded stainless steels. The present stainless steels have superior mechanical properties, high temperature and corrosion resistances and these properties can make them favorite materials for nuclear applications. For this reason, firstly, the incoherent scattering/total attenuation ratio (Rinc/total) and equivalent atomic number (Zeq) were calculated in the energy region of 0.015–15 MeV. Secondly, the exposure build-up factor (EBF) and energy absorption build-up factor (EABF) were determined to select steels by using Geometric Progression (G-P) fitting method, which have five parameters (a, b, c, d and XK coefficients), up to penetration depth of 40 MFP at energy 0.015–15 MeV. Thirdly, the mass stopping powers (MSPs; dE/ρdx; MeVcm2/g) and ranges (Re, Rp and Rα; μm) for electron, proton and alpha particle interactions were calculated at energy 10 keV-20 MeV. Finally, the fast neutron removal cross-sections (FNRCSs; ∑R; cm−1) were calculated. To be able to make comparison and a satisfying assessment about radiation shielding capabilities of present AISI-coded steels, all parameters were also computed for ordinary (OC), steel-scrap (SS) and steel-magnetite (SM) concretes (Fe-based steel concretes) that are most commonly used as a shielding material in many nuclear applications. The shielding capabilities of the present stainless steels against both gamma and the fast neutron and charged particle radiation were evaluated in the light of the calculated parameters. As a result of the mutual evaluation of the results obtained for the shielding concretes and the examined stainless steels, it was found that present stainless steels had excellent shielding properties compared to shielding concretes in terms of both photon radiation and particle radiation.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Assessment of gamma-ray attenuation features for La+3 co-doped zinc borotellurite glasses
Rammah, Y.S.; Özpolat, Ö.F.; Alım, B.; Şakar, E.; El-Mallawany, R.; El-Agawany, F.I.
In this study, gamma ray and neutrons shielding features were evaluated for La+3 co-doped zinc borotellurite glasses with chemical formula {[(TeO2)0.70(B2O3)0.30]0.7(ZnO)0.30}1-x(La2O3)x: 0.01≤ x ≤ 0.05 mol%. Firstly, the mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC, LAC) for glasses were calculated via Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software (Phy-X/PSD) in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Depending on MAC and LAC, effective shielding parameters: Half value layer and mean free path (HVL, MFP), effective electron density, atomic number, and conductivity (Neff, Zeff, Ceff), exposure and energy absorption buildup factors (EBF, EABF) have been evaluated. In addition, effective fast neutron removal cross section (FNRCS) for the studied glasses have been calculated. The obtained data were compared with those of some commercial glasses and concrete. Results reveal that HVL for all samples can be arranged in the order TBZL1>TBZL2>TBZL3>TBZL4>TBZL5. The HVL, TVL and MFP values of TBZL5 glass are 2.988 cm, 9.927 cm, and 4.311 cm, respectively. TBZL5 glass has the highest Ceff values and TBZL1 glass has the lowest Ceff values. EBF values change range from 1 to 4 at 1 MFP and from 1-1010 at 40 MFP value. Therefore, it can be among the alternative materials that can be preferred in radiation application areas.
AtıfScopus48WoS47İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4Screening for antioxidant capacity, pollen types and phytochemical profile by GC/MS and UHPLC from propolis
Bayram, Nesrin Ecem; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Öz, Gül Cevahir
Propolis is a resinous mixture collected by honeybees from different parts of plants such as poplars, birches, alders, conifers, pines, palms and willows. This study aims to determine pollen types (by light microscope), chemical compound profile (by GC-MS), fatty acid composition (by GC-MS), total phenolic content (by the Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (by the aluminium chloride method) and antioxidant capacity (by the CUPRAC, ABTS and CERAC methods) of a propolis sample from the western part of Istanbul, Turkey. As a result of microscopic analysis of the sample, pollen types of taxa belonging to 27 plant families were diagnosed. The GC-MS analysis of propolis revealed the presence of 38 phytochemical constituents that may contribute to its quality. Of these compounds, rates of "4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy- 2-phenyl-,(S)"were highest. In addition, the concentrations of naringenin, pinocembrin and galangin were determined to be 2.45, 9.92 and 7.06 mg/ml by UHPLC analysis. The extract had significant antioxidant activity in all assays, with values of 282.8±9 mg TE /g in the CUPRAC, 425.7±18 mg TE/g in the CERAC and 186.4±8 mg TE/g in the ABTS assays. Antioxidant capacity of the propolis extract was positively associated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract. Moreover, the major fatty acids were C20:1n9 (cis- 11-eicosenoic acid), C22:1 (erucic acid) and C24:1 (nervonic acid). The results show that the propolis used in our study has important potential as an alternative food supplement and for cosmetic and therapeutic medicine and it can be used as an active agent in these areas.
AtıfScopus20WoS18OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3Synthesis of enantiopure (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol using whole-cell Lactobacillus paracasei biotransformation
Şahin, Engin
Chromane, which has a fused cyclic structure, is a significant molecule that can be found in the structure of many important compounds. Lactobacillus paracasei BD101 was demonstrated as whole-cell biocatalyst for the synthesis of (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol with immense enantioselectivity. The conditions of asymmetric reduction were optimized one factor by one factor using L paracasei BD101 to achieve enantiomerically pure product and complete conversion. Using these obtained optimization conditions, asymmetric reduction of 6-chlorochroman-4-one was performed under environmentally friendly conditions; 6-chlorochroman-4-one, having a fused cyclic structure as previously noted to be difficult to asymmetric reduction with biocatalysts, was enantiomerically reduced to (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol with an enantiomeric excess >99% on a high gram scale. This study is the first example in the literature for the enantiopure synthesis of (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol using a biocatalyst. Also notably, the optical purity of (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol obtained in this study through asymmetric bioreduction using whole-cell biocatalyst is the highest value in the literature. In this study, (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol was produced on a gram scale by an easy, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method, which has shown the production of valuable chiral precursors for drug synthesis and other industrial applications. This study provides a convenient method for the production of (S)-6-chlorochroman-4-ol, which can meet the industrial green production demand of this chiral secondary alcohol.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Investigation of ammonia stripping with a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor
Taşdemir, Atila; Cengiz, İbrahim; Yildiz, Ergün; Bayhan, Yalçın Kemal
Ammonia is a commonly used compound in the domestic and industrial fields. If ammonia found in wastewater after use is not treated, even at low concentrations it may cause toxic effects in the receiving environment. In this study, a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HDC) was designed with the aim of removing ammonia. The effect of parameters like different cavitation numbers, airflow, temperature and initial concentration on NH3 removal was researched. The potential of hydrodynamic cavitation for removal of volatile gases, like NH3, was assessed with the aid of two film theory mathematical equations. Experimental studies were performed at fixed pH = 11. Under the conditions of 0.12 cavitation number, 25 L/min airflow, 30 °C temperature and 2500 mg/L initial concentration, in 24 h 98.4% NH3 removal efficiency was achieved. With the same experimental conditions without any air, the HDC reactor provided 89.5% NH3 removal at the end of 24 h. The HDC reactor is very effective for the removal of volatile gases from wastewater and it was concluded that even in the absence of aeration, the desired NH3 removal efficiency was provided.
AtıfScopus31WoS27OpenAlex33İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Bee bread and bee pollen of different plant sources: determination of phenolic content, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and element profiles
Mayda, Nazlı; Özkök, Aslı; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Sorkun, Kadriye
This study aims to determine the plant sources, fatty acid composition, total phenolic-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and elemental profile of bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) samples from the same bee hive in different locations. 31 families and 71 species were determined by pollen analysis of BP and BB samples. Pollen frequencies in BB samples were generally similar or less than in BP. Total phenolic varied from 8.26 ± 0.299 to 43.42 ± 0.779 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid ranged from 1.81 ± 0.040 to 4.44 ± 0.125 mg QE/g. ABTS and DDPH assays indicated that the samples have good antioxidant activity. Samples showed a protein content ranging from 17.6 to 22.2% while the total fatty acid was between 60.27 and 86.49%. The elemental analysis showed that all samples were rich in essential minerals. As a result, total protein, total fatty acids, moisture content and antioxidant capacity of BB samples were found to be lower than those of BP samples from the same hive. In spite of these data, it is necessary to work with more detailed and more samples to be able to say which bee product (bee pollen or bee bread) has superior properties as functional food.
AtıfScopus154WoS143OpenAlex172İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2020Credit ratings, credit rating agencies, and sovereign credit ratings
Yildiz, Ümit; Günsoy, Bülent
Especially in the last century, globalization and deregulation have shown intensively in every field with technological advances. These developments have affected the financial markets as well as in all other areas of the economic system, and restrictions and obstacles between countries have started to lose their effect rapidly. At this point, however, a crucial need arose for market participants: accurate information. For market participants who want to know about the risk they take when making an investment decision, accessing the accurate information is costly; and this negatively affects market discipline. At this point, credit rating is the most important tool to ensure market discipline. Credit rating is briefly defined as an independent assessment on whether an obligator can fulfill its financial obligations on time. This assestment is carried out by credit rating agencies within the framework of a certain method. Although there are many local and national rating agencies around the world, there are big three credit rating agencies (CRAs) which hold almost the entire market: Standard and Poor's (S and P), Fitch, and Moody's.Credit rating can be classified into many different subcategories. The rating can be classified as long- or short-term ratings according to their maturities, and local currency and foreign currency ratings according to their types. After risk assessment in the light of some economic and political factors for a country, the alpha numerical indicators determined in terms of long-term foreign currency are called Sovereign Credit Rating. Sovereign Credit Ratings are determined and announced by the CRAs. CRAs determine sovereign credit ratings on a scale that consists of many levels ranging from 'prime' level to 'default' level. This scale also shows the rating grades of the agencies. The scale used by CRAs is classified into three different levels: investment grade, non-investment grade, and default grade.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2‘Tele-education’ in the COVID-19 pandemic process in Turkey: A mental diaspora research specific to Turkish Language Teaching students
Ustabulut, Mete Yusuf; Keskin, Savaş
This study tries to map educational processes that have to be transformed into the extraordinary history of the COVID-19 pandemic and adapt to the ‘new normal’ with a relational and metaphoric approach. In the study, the existing physical and mental conditions of the students who are "scattered/dispersed" geographically due to the mandatory "return home" in the pandemic process are conceptualized with the metaphor of the "diaspora". The study aims to draw attention to student-centered social problems by questioning the functionality of tele-education processes, which are designed to compensate for interrupted educational relationships and make them sustainable again. It is aimed to measure the effects of online consciousness that were deterritorialized by human-computer interaction and computer-mediated communication on student performances and to understand student motivations during the tele-education process. Therefore, a survey was conducted at ten universities in Turkey and reached 150 students through the snowball sampling technique. The results of the study show that the student self-perception of the tele-education process coincides with the diasporic identity and this unusual technology integration that cannot be fully compensated triggers mental diaspora feelings.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Effects of churning with different concentrations of ozonated water on particle size, texture, oxidation, melting and microbiological characteristics of butter
Sert, Durmuş; Mercan, Emin
The effects of churning with different concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on fat particle size, texture, oxidation, melting and microbiological characteristics of butter from raw cream were investigated. For this purpose, butter samples were produced by churning with ozonated waters at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.15 (OW-15), 0.20 (OW-20), 0.25 (OW-25) and 0.30 (OW-30) mg L−1. Churning with OW increased the lightness and redness value of samples and decreased yellowness. Firmness value of samples ranged from 126.86 to 347.46 N, with an increase with ozone concentration. Mean fat particle size (D[4.3]) value of samples decreased with higher ozone concentration in churning water. OW reduced the oxidative stability of samples. Microbial reductions by churning with ozonated water ranged from 0.07 to 1.59 log. Microbiological analysis results showed that ozone treatment improved the microbial safety of butter samples produced from raw cream.
AtıfScopus14WoS10OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Determination of yield and quality parameters of oil sunflower genotypes grown in Turkey
Gul, Volkan; Coban, Furkan
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) has gained importance in the world as a significant oilseed for vegetable oil. The reactions of the same sunflower genotypes to varying ecologies are different, and yield and yield characteristics may vary depending on this. In this study, we were interested in understanding the differential sensitivity of specific sunflower genotypes to different agro-ecological environments in Turkey. A 2-year (2015–2016) study was conducted on a clay-loam soil in a low and high altitude environment to (i) evaluate the genotype × location × year interaction (G×L×Y) for sunflower genotypes, (ii) predict yield components performance and identify high stable sunflower genotypes, and (iii) make genotype-specific management and high performing genotype recommendations within and across agro-ecological regions. The highest yield of seed and oil yield was obtained from the Coral (G1) genotypes, averaging 3558.5 and 1535.6 kg ha-1, respectively in Erzurum and from the 64LC108 (G4) genotypes averaging 2905.7 and 1267.4 kg ha-1, respectively in Samsun ecological conditions. As a result, the determination of the sunflower genotypes suitable for the region will provide the opportunity to obtain high-yield and high quality products because the soil, environment and climatic factors of the region in which they are grown are very useful in determining seed yield and oil content.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Propagation constant measurements of reflection-asymmetric and nonreciprocal microwave networks from S-parameters without using a reflective standard
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus; Ozturk, Gokhan; Ertugrul, Mehmet
We propose a simple method for determination of forward and backward propagation constants of nonreciprocal uniform networks or lines with asymmetric reflections. The wave cascading matrix presentation is used to diagonalize and decompose the line in terms of impedance and amplitude/phase transitions. The proposed method uses scattering parameters of the line/network connection and the thru connection, thus eliminating errors arising from fabrication tolerance and thickness of the second line. Besides, compared with conventional methods which necessitate calibration techniques such as the thru-reflect-line, our method has the advantage that it determines propagation constants without resorting the measurement of any reciprocal reflective standard. Propagation constant measurements of a reciprocal network (different-length X-band waveguide straights) and a nonreciprocal network (microwave phase shifter) were first carried out and then compared with those measured by different methods to validate and monitor the accuracy of our method.
AtıfScopus13WoS12OpenAlex11İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables: A Panoply of Potentialities to Be Exploited
Salehi, Bahare; Rescigno, Antonio; Dettori, Tinuccia; Calina, Daniela; Docea, Anca Oana; Singh, Laxman; Cebeci, Fatma; Özçelik, Beraat; Bhia, Mohammed; Dowlati Beirami, Amirreza
Avocado and soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) constitute vegetable extracts made from fruits and seeds of avocado and soybean oil. Characterized by its potent anti-inflammatory effects, this ASU mixture is recommended to act as an adjuvant treatment for osteoarthritic pain and slow-acting symptomatic treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis; autoimmune diseases; diffuse scleroderma and scleroderma-like states (e.g., morphea, sclerodactyly, scleroderma in bands). Besides, it was reported that it can improve the mood and quality of life of postmenopausal women in reducing menopause-related symptoms. This article aims to summarize the studies on biological effects of the avocado-soybean unsaponifiable, its chemical composition, pharmacotherapy as well as applications in autoimmune, osteoarticular and menopausal disorders. Finally, we will also discuss on its safety, toxicological and regulatory practices.
AtıfScopus98WoS80OpenAlex103İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Investigation of neutron and gamma radiation protective characteristics of synthesized quinoline derivatives
Aygün, Bunyamin; Alaylar, Burak; Turhan, Kadir; Sakar, Erdem; Karadayi, Mehmet; Abu Al-Sayyed, Ibrahim; Pelit, Emel; Güllüce, Medine; Karabulut, Abdulhalik; Turgut, Zuhal
Purpose: Quinoline is formed by various natural compounds, such as alkaloids from the cinchona plant, which exhibit various biological activities, and is an important building material for the development of new drugs. Quinoline can be used in anti-radiation drug development but radiation interaction properties must be determined. Material and methods: In this study, six types of synthesized quinoline derivatives were used. Fast neutron removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined by using GEometry ANd Tracking 4 and FLUktuierende KAskade simulation codes for neutron shielding. Neutron dose absorption rates were determined using the(241)Am-Be fast neutron source and the Canberra NP series portable BF(3)gas proportional neutron detector. Gamma radiation shielding parameters were determined by using WinXCom and PSY-X/PSD software. Additionally, the genotoxic potentials of the derivatives were assessed by using the Ames/Salmonellabacterial reversion assay. Results and conclusions: Neutron shielding parameters such as removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined for fast neutrons. To determine neutron absorption capacity of quinoline derivatives, neutron absorption, experiments were conducted. In addition, gamma radiation shielding parameters were calculated such as the mean free path (MFP), mass attenuation coefficient (mu t), half value thickness layer (HVL) and effective atomic number (Zeff) in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The results of the all quinoline derivatives have excellent fast neutron shielding power compared to ordinary concrete. In addition, all quinoline derivatives have been found to have the capacity to attenuate gamma radiation. Moreover, they absorb well in both types of radiation, do not cause secondary radiation, and they are genotoxically safe at the tested concentrations. This study has demonstrated that these products can be used as active ingredients for a drug to be developed against radiation.
AtıfScopus47WoS47OpenAlex52İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Isolation and Biophysical Characterisation of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Cucurbita Moschata (Butternut Squash)
Jiwani, Shahwar Imran; Gillis, Richard B.; Besong, David; Almutairi, Fahad; Erten, Tayyibe; Kök, M. Samil; Harding, Stephen E.; Paulsen, Berit S.; Adams, Gary G.
Cucurbits are plants that have been used frequently as functional foods. This study includes the extraction, isolation, and characterisation of the mesocarp polysaccharide ofCucurbita moschata. The polysaccharide component was purified by gel filtration into three fractions (NJBTF1, NJBTF2, and NJBTF3) of different molecular weights. Characterisation includes the hydrodynamic properties, identification of monosaccharide composition, and bioactivity. Sedimentation velocity also indicated the presence of small amounts of additional discrete higher molecular weight components even after fractionation. Sedimentation equilibrium revealed respective weight average molecular weights of 90, 31, and 19 kDa, with the higher fractions (NJBTF1 and NJBTF2) indicating a tendency to self-associate. Based on the limited amount of data (combinations of 3 sets of viscosity and sedimentation data corresponding to the 3 fractions), HYDFIT indicates an extended, semi-flexible coil conformation. Of all the fractions obtained, NJBTF1 showed the highest bioactivity. All fractions contained galacturonic acid and variable amounts of neutral sugars. To probe further, the extent of glycosidic linkages in NJBTF1 was estimated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), yielding a high galacturonic acid content (for pectin polysaccharide) and the presence of fructans-the first evidence of fructans (levan) in the mesocarp. Our understanding of the size and structural flexibility together with the high bioactivity suggests that the polysaccharide obtained fromC. moschatahas the potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent.
AtıfScopus8WoS10OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Theoretical and experimental validation gamma shielding properties of B2O3-ZnO-MgO-Bi2O3 glass system
Kaky, Kawa M.; Sayyed, M. I.; Khammas, Abbas; Kumar, Ashok; Sakar, Erdem; Abdalsalam, Alyaa H.; Sakar, Betul Ceviz; Alim, Bunyamin; Mhareb, M. H. A.
In the present work, we fabricated a series of six glasses to be utilized in the field of radiation shielding application. Glasses have been synthesized using a melt-quenching ordinary technique. In this work, we investigated the structural properties of these glasses using Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, optical properties have been studied in the present work. The radiation attenuation ability for the present samples was also investigated and measured using transmission geometry between 81 and 964.1 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient was measured and the results were validated by the WinXcom program. Also, radiation protection efficiency (RPE) was evaluated and discussed in terms of photon energy and Bi2O3 concentration. From RPE curve, we found that the fabricated glasses can be used as effective shielding materials especially for the low energies (81-383 keV). The half value layer also was calculated and the results of this parameter showed that S6 (contains 60 mol% of Bi2O3) has the higher probability of the interaction with gamma photons, leading to less number of photons transmitted this sample and thus better photon attenuator.
AtıfScopus69WoS72OpenAlex76İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Effect of dynamic and static strength training on hormonal activity in elite boxers
Aggön, Eser; Agirbas, Ozturk; Alp, Hamit Hakan; Uçan, Izzet; Gürsoy, Recep; Hackney, Anthony C.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses involved non-parametric analysis with an alpha level of .05. Results: Dynamic strength exercises were effective stimuli to growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while static strength exercises provoked cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline responses both initially after exercise and after 8 weeks of chronic training. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises were effective in prompting adrenocorticotropic changes after an exercise session or after 8 weeks of training. Conclusions: We showed that dynamic and static strength exercise protocols using resistance bands both could provoke acute and chronic hormonal responses in boxers similar to more traditional modes of such exercise.
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