Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Dertli, Enes(117)
- Kaya, Yunus(51)
- Şahin, Engin(48)
- İspirli, Hümeyra(47)
- Özen, Soner(46)
- Şenay, Volkan(45)
- Pat, Suat(44)
- Can, Zehra(39)
- Bayraktar, Bülent(37)
- Bayram, Sinan(37)
- Korkmaz, Şadan(36)
- Cuce, Erdem(35)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(33)
- Kutlu, Naciye(33)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(32)
- Artar, Musa(31)
- Ertugrul, Mehmet(30)
- Öner, Erdal(30)
- Ayata, Ümit(29)
- Hasar, Ugur Cem(29)
- Esmer, Yusuf(28)
- Mercan, Emin(27)
- Cuce, Pinar Mert(26)
- Özdemir, Akın(25)
- Çolak, Murat(24)
- Bayram, Ozkan(23)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(23)
- Sert, Durmuş(22)
- Ayazoglu, Rabil(21)
- Abdioglu, Murat(20)
- Bayram, Nesrin Ecem(20)
- Kadakal, Mahir(20)
- Kara, Yakup(20)
- Kizil, Hamit Emre(20)
- Tozlu, Alperen(20)
- Birinci, Ahmet(19)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(19)
- Battal, Fetullah(18)
- Dirican, Ebubekir(18)
- Ergün, Mustafa(18)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2Investigation of the memristive properties of the device form and thin film form of BST and CeO2 films with different arrays
Akin, Ozlem; Efeoglu, Hasan
In this study, a memristor structure known as a missing circuit element was produced. This study consists of a total of six samples in both thin film and device form with different arrays of BST film and CeO2 film on SiO2/Si substrate. The effects of different arrays and device forms of these two films on memristive behavior were investigated. It was observed that the structures exhibited memristive behavior due to the difference in ion mobility in films with different dielectric constants. It was also observed that the structures changed their memristive behavior in the annealing process performed at different temperatures. It was observed that the memristive behaviors examined imitated the connection strength of artificial synapses, and they are suitable for the production of multi-bit memristors or analog memristors suitable for the creation of artificial neuromorphic networks.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ3Beyond the Third Way- Reconstructing Class Consciousness through Marxist Educational Theory
Aksakalli, Ayhan
This article explores how Third Way policies have weakened class consciousness in education and how a Marxist model of education offers a powerful alternative to this weakening. By blending neoliberal approaches with social democracy, the Third Way promotes individualistic and market-oriented reforms in education, which have been found to deepen class inequalities and weaken class consciousness. These policies make the education system an instrument of capitalist ideology and hinder the achievement of social justice. The article argues that the Marxist model of education has the potential to reverse this weakening and rebuild class consciousness in education. This model is built on collective consciousness, the importance of critical pedagogy and the need for democratization in education. Education should be transformed from a system that prioritizes individual achievement into a tool for social justice. The research analyzes in detail the destructive effects of neoliberal education policies on class structures and demonstrates that Marxist education offers an effective solution to these inequalities. As a result, it is emphasized that the education system should be restructured as a tool to strengthen class consciousness and ensure social transformation.
AtıfWoS2
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Women Entrepreneurship in Organic Agriculture: The Case of Türkiye
Dursunoglu, Seyma Betul; Esmer, Yusuf
Organic agriculture, whose importance is increasing day by day, form of production that prohibits the use of harmful substances agricultural production and prioritizes soil health in order to protect human health and the ecological system. As in every subject, entrepreneurs are needed for the development of the sector in organic agriculture. In this context, while women entrepreneurs contribute the production process on the one hand, on the other hand, they social and economic self-sufficiency. The aim of this research is determine the entrepreneurial levels of women engaged entrepreneurial activities in organic agriculture. In the research, survey technique was used within the scope of the quantitative research method. The population of the research consists of women entrepreneurs engaged in organic agriculture activities in different regions and provinces of T & uuml;rkiye. 532 women entrepreneurs selected judgmental sampling method were determined as the sample of research. According to the results of the research, it was determined that there was a significant difference in general agricultural entrepreneurship levels in terms of education level and marital status, but not in terms of age, geographical region, and industry experience, while there was a significant difference in organic agriculture entrepreneurship levels s in terms of age and education level, but not terms of marital status, geographical region, and industry experience. In conclusion, this research is valuable in terms of revealing the current situation of women entrepreneurship in organic agriculture, which is extremely important sector.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Tradesmen Organization in the Ilkhanate State
Dayi, Ozkan
Throughout history, one of the most critical indicators of city life has been the organization of tradesmen. We observe that the merchants' structure evolved in response to the commercial, agricultural, and economic activities of people residing in the city center and its surrounding areas. We know that merchants, especially in the Iranian geography, were significantly affected by political and military activities and were shaped in a way that was dependent on political institutions throughout the Middle Ages. Tradesmen, who held a vital place in the city's structure and life within the Turkish-Islamic civilization, were significantly impacted by the Mongol invasion. We know that the merchant organization regained its essential place in city life during the Ilkhanate period, which re-established political unity in Iran and Western Asia after the Mongol invasion. During the Ilkhanate period, officials from the tradesman organization who supervised and chaired the organization were appointed by state administrators. Moreover, this structure supported the local administrators - usually bearing the title h & amacr;kim - who were appointed by the central authority to ensure the easier governance of cities. In the Ilkhanate state, members of the market and merchants' organizations regularly expanded their areas of activity. In this context, the article will discuss the organization of merchants within the city structure of the Ilkhanate state, providing details.
- DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2025The Relationship Between Thirst Distress and Severity and Compliance with Fluid Control and Interdialytic Weight Gain in Hemodialysis Patients (vol 13, pg 129, 2025)
Cin, Aynur; Demirag, Hatice; Dastan, Buket; Hintistan, Sevilay
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025The Relationship Between Thirst Distress and Severity and Compliance with Fluid Control and Interdialytic Weight Gain in Hemodialysis Patients
Cín, Aynur; Demírag, Hatice; Dastan, Buket; Híntístan, Sevilay
knowledge scores and FCHPS subscale attitude scores, and IDWG and FCHPS subscale attitude scores. A positive correlation was also found between the VAS score and IDWG. Conclusion: Thirst distress was higher than the moderate level in HD patients, and IDWG increased as thirst severity (VAS score) increased.knowledge scores and FCHPS subscale attitude scores, and IDWG and FCHPS subscale attitude scores. A positive correlation was also found between the VAS score and IDWG. Conclusion: Thirst distress was higher than the moderate level in HD patients, and IDWG increased as thirst severity (VAS score) increased.
AtıfWoS1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025EFFECT OF SCRAP RATIO ON LIQUID METAL QUALITY OF LOW-PRESSURE DIE-CASTING (LPDC) ALLOY USING ROTARY DEGASSING
Tokatli, Mehmet; Çolak, Murat; Yüksel, Caglar
Although various processes are used in aluminum liquid metal cleaning, environmentally friendly, economical and applicable methods should be preferred in industry. Among these methods, the Density Index test based on the reduced pressure test (RPT), which is widely used to measure the efficiency of the rotary degassing process, and the K-mold test method, which offers fast and practical results were carried out. The effects of rotary degassing method on the liquid metal quality of AlSi7Mg0.3 (A356) aluminum alloy charges prepared with different proportions of scrap and ingots were evaluated using a constant 5l/min gas flow rate, a constant 5 min process time and a constant 300 rpm rotor rotation speed. The results show that the Density Index values can be reduced from 1.48% to around 0.74% with increasing scrap rate, while K-mold values can be reduced from 2.8 to 0.6. It was also shown that the rotary degassing method is effective in liquid metal cleaning, and the K-mold test can be used as a very practical control tool for evaluating liquid metal quality.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT: ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Izgy, Fatma; Dereli, Zeynep; Aydemir, Aslihan
Road transport plays a crucial role in the European Union's transition toward climate-neutral mobility; however, significant differences persist among Member States in terms of sustainability performance. This study evaluates the sustainability performance of road transport systems in 26 EU countries to understand their comparative positions in this transformation process. Using a comprehensive dataset from 2021, an integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach was employed, combining the Entropy method for objective criteria weighting and the EDAS method for performance ranking. The analysis reveals that Traffic Accidents, GDP, and Vehicle Usage are the most influential factors driving sustainability scores. Among the evaluated nations, France, Czechia, and Denmark achieved the highest performance rankings. The original contribution of this study lies in its application of an entropy-EDAS multi-criteria framework to evaluate the 2021 sustainability performance of road transport systems in 26 EU countries, providing a systematic, data-driven basis for comparing Member States' performance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Does Lrig1 expression have a relationship with ERBB1 and ERBB2 expression in schizophrenia?
Uzunçakmak, Sevgi Karabulut; Özcan, Halil; Aydin, Pelin; Halici, Zekai
Purpose: This study aims to investigate Lrig1 expression and to reveal the possible relationship between Lrig1, ERBB1 and ERBB2 in schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: In this study, peripheral blood samples of 70 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls were used. Real Time PCR was applied for Lrig1, ERBB1 and ERBB2 gene expression analysis. Results: The level of Lrig1 mRNA was lower in the patients when compared to healthy controls. Expression levels of ERBB1 and ERBB2 were decreased in the patients versus in the healthy controls. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the three genes had the power to discriminate the patients from the ERBB1 and ERBB2 expressions in the patients. in schizophrenia.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Secondary School Students' Opinions on Teaching the Structure of the Atom with Augmented Reality Application
Gürbüz, Fatih; Sarioglan, Ayberk Bostan
This study is aimed at developing an achievement test on quadrilaterals for seventh-grade students. The concept of the atom can be visualized in different ways in the mind due to its structure, which the naked eye cannot see. Augmented reality (AR) is one of the applications that can be used to teach such concepts. This study aimed to investigate students' views on the use of AR applications in teaching. Phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The study group consisted of 26 -graders in a public secondary school. AR application was organized to teach the structure of the atom. Within the scope of the study, an interview form consisting of four open-ended questions prepared by the researchers and submitted to expert opinion for content validity was used as a data collection tool. When the students' answers to the questions were examined, it was determined that they had positive opinions that AR application could be used in other courses and different subjects, that this application was more instructive because it concretized the subject, that it caused a better understanding of the subject it was used in, and that it increased participation in the lesson due to the possibilities of providing three-dimensional images. Suggestions were made based on the results.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Short-Term Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neurogenesis and Wnt Signaling in Amniotic Fluid Cells
Uzun, Cosar; Karakas, Umit; Ay, Mustafa Ertan; Ay, Ozlem Izci; Yildiri, Didem Derici; Erdal, Nurten; Erdal, Mehmet Emin
Background: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at 50 Hz are prevalent in household electrical systems. Although various studies have examined the effects of ELF-EMF on cell proliferation and gene expression, its impact on amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the potential effects of ELF-EMFs on gene expression related to neurogenesis and the Wnt signaling pathway in AFCs. Methods: AFCs were isolated from amniotic fluid obtained via amniocentesis and divided into five groups: control, sham, and three groups exposed to different ELF-EMF intensities (1 mT, 2 mT, 3 mT for 30 minutes/day for 7 days). Expression levels of genes involved in neurogenesis (HES1, Neurog1, Neurog2, Neurod1) and Wnt signaling (SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, APC1) were analyzed using real-time PCR. Results: ELF-EMF exposure did not result in significant changes in gene expression among the experimental groups compared to controls. Conclusion: Short-term exposure (Acute exposure) to ELF-EMF at moderate intensities does not significantly impact gene expression related to neurogenesis or Wnt signaling in AFCs. Future studies should explore prolonged exposure (chronic exposure) and a broader range of intensities to evaluate developmental impacts more comprehensively.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Modal testing and full-scale seismic evaluation of a historical minaret according to 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake and TBEC 2018 design spectrum
Demirtas, Betul; Yanik, Yusuf; Aymelek, Abdullah; Türker, Temel; Yildirim, Omer
PurposeMinarets, which were constructed from different types of materials, are slender and tall structures. Minarets could vary in terms of the construction technique, geometry and material. The seismic vulnerability and dynamic behavior of minarets could be different because of these reasons. Full-scale evaluation of minarets includes both experimental and numerical investigations. Experimental methods provide knowledge on the in situ conditions. The structural analysis and performance evaluation can be performed by using numerical methods. In this paper, full-scale structural evaluation of the Trabzon Fatih Mosque Minaret was presented by using experimental and numerical methods.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the finite element (FE) model of the minaret was generated by ANSYS software. Then, experimental measurements were carried out under environmental vibrations with newly developed vibration system. Afterwards, the initial FE model of the minaret was updated by using manual updating method according to the experimental measurement results. For the seismic performance assessment of the historical minaret, the time history and response spectrum analyses were performed on the initial and updated FE models using the acceleration records of 2023 February Kahramanmaras earthquake and TBEC 2018 codes. The results were evaluated comparatively, revealing that the nonlinear analyses produced higher values compared to other methods. Additionally, variations were observed in the updated FE model results compared to the initial FE model. Finally, it was seen that the minaret did not have sufficient strength against Kahramanmaras earthquake load, so it could collapse under such an earthquake.FindingsBy employing model updating method, the average absolute difference was substantially reduced from 9.12% to 2.11%. The maximum displacements increased with the effect of model updating in all analyses. It was also seen that the spectrum analyses results had lower values than the time-history analyses results and the displacement of the updated FE model was found to be approximately 8% greater than that of the initial FE model in the nonlinear analyses. The maximum/minimum principal stresses decreased in the updated model in the linear analyses. Also, it was determined that the equivalent stresses were higher in linear analyses. It was seen that the cracks occurring in the nonlinear analyses were concentrated more intensely at the bottom region, the transition segment and around the balcony of the minaret. The concentration of damage in these regions suggested that special attention was needed to increase structural durability. The drift ratios were calculated as 0.0056 and 0.0076 for the initial and updated FE models in the linear analyses, respectively. The initial FE model remained the CD limit, but the updated model reached the limit in CP. The drift ratios were calculated as 0.0087 and 0.0093 for the initial and updated FE models in the nonlinear analyses. Both the FE models reached the CP limit. It could be concluded that the minaret did not have sufficient strength against Kahramanmaras Earthquake, so it could collapse under such an earthquake. The drift ratios were calculated as 0.0041 and 0.0043 for the initial and updated FE models in the spectrum analyses. Both the FE models remained within the CD limit.Originality/valueThis paper aimed to evaluate effects of FE model updating on the dynamic and seismic behaviors of the historical Fatih Mosque Minaret in Trabzon. Structural behavior of the minaret was investigated using both experimental and numerical methods. For this purpose, 3-D FE model generated with ANSYS software of the minaret was updated according to the ambient vibration test results. Ambient vibration tests were conducted by measurement system, which was developed by our research team. The manual model updating method was utilized to minimize the differences between numerical and experimental results by varying the material properties. The linear-nonlinear time history analyses and response spectrum analyses were carried out to evaluate the seismic performance of the initial and updated FE models using the acceleration records of 2023 February Kahramanmaras Earthquake records and TBEC 2018 codes.
AtıfWoS11İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Investigation of mental endurance levels of canoe athletes in sport: a cross-sectional study
Tanyeri, Levent; Kirkbir, Hakan; Çinan, Ismet; Yilmaz, Busra; Hacicaferoglu, Serkan
Background and Study Aim Material and Methods Mental endurance is considered akeypsychological component that influences athletic performance, particularly in sports that demand high levels of focus and persistence. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of mental endurance in athletes engaged in canoeing. The sample of the study consisted of 163 voluntary canoe athlete students who were studying in the faculties of sport sciences and doing canoeing as licensed students, selected by simple random sampling method. In order to collect the necessary data in the study, the 'Mental Endurance Scale in Sport' was used. The scale consists of the sub-dimensions 'Trust', 'Continuity', and 'Control'. In the analyses of the data, t-test and ANOVA test were used. Statistically, the level of error p<.05 was accepted as Alpha (alpha). Results As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the control sub-dimension according to the gender variable of the students in the sample. It was found that there was a significant difference in terms of age variable. The students aged between 18-20 years were more self-confident, while the students aged between 21-23 years showed more control and continuity. In the sport branch variable, it was found that there was a significant difference in the 'Trust' and 'Control' sub-dimensions, and the effect value was at a moderate level. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimension of confidence in the variable of years of doing sports, and the effect value was at a moderate level. The self-confidence of the students who had been doing sports between 1 and 3 years was higher. Conclusions In addition to the physical training and technical skills-enhancing practices of student athletes in sports schools, it will give positive results to carry out actions to increase mental endurance in order to be ready for sportive activities (competitions, recreative activities, etc.). Especially female students or younger students can be less affected by the negativities that may develop instantly within the framework of the difficulties of the sports branch.
AtıfWoS1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025EARTHQUAKE -FUNCTIONS WITH SOME RELATED INEQUALITIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Özcan, Serap; Kadakal, Mahir; Iscan, Imdat; Kadakal, Huriye
As researchers, our primary commitment is to engage in the creation of scientific and academic knowledge. Recognizing the importance of societal impact, we also strive to contribute to social awareness through our work. Natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, avalanches, landslides, tsunamis, and others, frequently afflict regions globally, resulting in profound human losses and extensive material damage. Notably, the earthquake that struck our country on February 6, 2023, marked as the disaster of the century, deeply affected eleven provinces, leading to a tragic loss of tens of thousands of lives. In this paper, we investigate the concept of earthquake P-functions. We establish the Hermite-Hadamard inequality for this class of functions and derive several refinements of the Hermite-Hadamard type inequality for functions whose first derivative, in absolute value, at a certain power, is an earthquake P-function. We present some applications of the trapezoidal formula. We also provide new bounds for special means of different non-negative real numbers.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025INVESTIGATION OF SURGICAL NURSES' ANXIETY AND GENERAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE
Günes, Huseyin; Okutan, Serafettin; Dolanbay, Nihal; Bostanci, Meric Emre
Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the general anxiety and attitudes of surgical nurses toward artificial intelligence. Method: This study was designed as descriptive and correlational with the participation of 335 surgical nurses working in two different hospitals in the Eastern and Central Anatolia regions of Turkey between 06.02.2025-01.06.2025 dates. Results: The scores obtained from the positive and negative attitude sub-dimensions of the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale are moderate (40.24 +/- 8.94, 23.65 +/- 6.61). The total score of the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale is moderate (46.09 +/- 13.65). A low level of negative correlation was found between the positive attitude scores of the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale and the total scores of the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (r=-0.239, p<0.001). A high level of positive correlation was found between the negative attitude scores of the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale and the total scores of the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (r=0.710, p<0.001). In the multiple linear regression model established, it was seen that 53% of the anxiety toward artificial intelligence was explained by the general attitudes towards artificial intelligence variable, which is the independent variable in the model (R2=0.530). Conclusion: As the positive attitudes of surgical nurses toward artificial intelligence increase, their anxiety levels toward artificial intelligence decrease. It is necessary to provide continuous education and support to surgical nurses about artificial intelligence applications.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS AND LIQUIDITY: LONG AND SHORT RUN DYNAMIC EFFECTS ON THE TÜRKİYE STOCK EXCHANGE WITH THE ARDL APPROACH1
Yilmaz, Tuncer; Ag, Aliriza
Stock market liquidity is a key indicator of market functionality, stability and investor sentiment. Furthermore, stock market liquidity serves as a crucial indicator for gauging the depth of liquidity and market dynamics in money and capital markets. In light of the pivotal role of stock market liquidity, this article seeks to examine the dynamic influence of select macroeconomic indicators pertaining to monetary, fiscal, and general economic outlook on stock market liquidity in both the long and short run. To this end, the symmetric ARDL method is employed. The ARDL findings indicate that interest rate, exchange rate, central government expenditures, oil, industrial production index, and consumer price index exert a discernible impact on stock market liquidity.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025The Revelation of Linear and Change of Direction HIIT Training Effects on the Anaerobic Power of Female Football Players
Morina, Besnik; Visic, Grgur; Antonic, Davorin; Babic, Matej; Sporis, Goran; Franjko, Ivica; Tomac, Zvonimir; Akman, Onur; Miletic, Aleksandar; Krasniqi, Rrezon
Background. Anaerobic and aerobic power are critical factors influencing peak football performance. This study aimed to explore the differential effects of various high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on these performance metrics in senior female football players. Objectives. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of linear (L) HIIT and change-of-direction (COD) HIIT protocols on key velocity at anaerobic threshold (V-AT), distance traveled in the anaerobic zone (d(AT)), and VO(2)max. Methods. Sixty senior female football players were divided into LHIIT (n=30) and COD (n=30). Both groups underwent initial testing before participating in their respective training programs for four weeks. Performance metrics were measured at the beginning and end of the training period. Results. Both groups significantly improved all measured variables (p<0.001). However, the COD group demonstrated relatively more significant enhancements in Vmax (COD=0.93; LHIIT=0.8), VAT (COD=0.94; LHIIT=0.87), and VO(2)max (COD=0.92; LHIIT=0.74). The COD group also reduced the initial difference in VO(2)max to a non-significant level. Conclusion. COD HIIT protocols appear to be slightly more effective in enhancing anaerobic power in female football players than linear HIIT protocols. Nevertheless, both HIIT programs significantly improved performance metrics, indicating that incorporating such training regimens can benefit female football training programs.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Using synthetic biology to understand the gut-brain axis
Cesaro, Angela; Broset, Esther; Salimando, Gregory J.; Oztekin, Sebahat; Mai, David; Bennett, Mariko L.; de la Fuente-nunez, Cesar
Extensive research supports a pivotal role for the gut-brain axis(i.e., the communication pathway between the bacteria in the gut and the brain) in brain health and disease. The interplay between the gut microbiota and the mammalian nervous system appears to shape both adaptive and dysfunctional neurological processes, as it directly affects neurons and neural signaling, the immune response, and metabolism via its effects on hormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters. This review summarizes key findings from the recent literature focused on the interactions between neurons and gut bacteria. By focusing on synthetic biology tools currently employed to study the gut-brain axis, we can enhance our understanding of neuroactive substances released in the gut and potentially identify select molecular candidates that may facilitate the development of personalized therapies.
AtıfWoS6OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Impact of Linear vs. Change-of-Direction HIIT on Aerobic Power
Morina, Besnik; Visic, Grgur; Antonic, Davorin; Babic, Matej; Sporis, Goran; Vlahovic, Tomislav; Franic, Miljenko; Franjko, Ivica; Tomac, Zvonimir; Akman, Onur
Background. Coaches predominantly utilize linear training protocols to enhance the aerobic power of football players. However, there is limited data on the effects of change of direction (COD) protocols on aerobic power in football. Objectives. This study aimed to determine which high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program- linear (LHIIT) or change of direction (COD)-has a more significant impact on increasing aerobic power in senior female football players. Methods. Sixty senior female football players were divided into two experimental groups: LHIIT (n=30) and COD (n=30). Both groups underwent a four-week HIIT protocol, with LHIIT involving linear and COD incorporating change-of-direction exercises. Aerobic power was measured using the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (IFT), maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), and VO2max at the beginning and end of the study to assess the differences in aerobic adaptations between the two programs. Results. The results indicated that the COD group eliminated the significant difference in VO2max that initially existed between the two groups, suggesting that COD protocols may be more effective in increasing aerobic power than linear ones. Additionally, both groups significantly improved the 30-15 IFT, MAV, and VO2max. Conclusion. Both linear and change-of-direction HIIT protocols significantly enhance aerobic performance in senior female football players. However, COD protocols may have a more significant impact on VO2max improvement. Future research should explore the potential effects of COD protocols on anaerobic power and seek to identify even more effective HIIT strategies for enhancing VO2max.
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2025Microbial Production of Galactooligosaccharides
Durgut Malçok, Senanur; Öztekin, Sebahat; Adal, Samiye; İnan Çınkır, Nuray; Çelebi, Yasemin; Çalışkan Koç, Gülşah; Özkan Karabacak, Azime; Süfer, Özge; Delikanlı Kıyak, Berrak
Galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) are prebiotic compounds derived from lactose, known for their ability to selectively promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, like bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Their physiological benefits include enhanced gut health, improved immune function, and increased mineral absorption. Produced primarily through enzymatic synthesis using microbial β-galactosidases, GOSs offer an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical production methods. Recent advancements in enzyme immobilization and biotechnological approaches have optimized GOS yields, enabling their incorporation into a variety of food and health applications, including infant formulas, dairy products, and clinical supplements. The structural diversity of GOSs, characterized by their glycosidic linkages and degrees of polymerization, contributes to their functional versatility and prebiotic efficacy. Furthermore, their stability under acidic and high-temperature conditions makes them suitable for industrial processes. Despite these advancements, challenges such as cost reduction, process optimization, and the use of alternative substrates persist. Future research on enzyme engineering and tailored GOS formulations is anticipated to address these issues, expanding their applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and personalized health solutions. GOSs remain a promising tool for improving health and meeting diverse nutritional needs.
