Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Dertli, Enes(17)
- İspirli, Hümeyra(8)
- Bulut, Ayhan(7)
- Şahin, Engin(7)
- Esmer, Yusuf(6)
- Tekce, Emre(6)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(6)
- Alım, Bünyamin(5)
- Arslaner, Ayla(5)
- Battal, Fetullah(5)
- Bayraktar, B.(5)
- Sayyed, M.I.(5)
- Aksakal, Vecihi(4)
- Ayata, Ümit(4)
- Bayraktar, Bülent(4)
- Bayram, Ozkan(4)
- Bayram, Sinan(4)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(4)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(4)
- Gıdık, Betül(4)
- Kaya, Metin(4)
- Mercan, Emin(4)
- Sever, Mehmet(4)
- Takma, Çiğdem(4)
- Taylan, Osman(4)
- Tekce, E.(4)
- Yilmaz, Fatih(4)
- Özdemir, Akın(4)
- Öztürk, Mesut(4)
- Akpolat, Hacer(3)
- Ayazoglu, Rabil(3)
- Birinci, Ahmet(3)
- Dayı, Özkan(3)
- Erbayrak, Engin(3)
- Eygu, Hakan(3)
- Göktaş, Bora(3)
- Gökçe, H.S.(3)
- Gülhan, Ünal(3)
- Güzel, Ferdi(3)
- Kara, Adnan(3)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Azo dye-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4/polyacrylic acid nanoadsorbent for removal of lead (II) ions
Sadak, Omer; Hackney, Robert; Sundramoorthy, Ashok K.; Yilmaz, Galip; Gunasekaran, Sundaram
We report the fabrication of a nanoadsorbent for the removal of heavy metals. The nanoadsorbent is comprised of ferric oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) covalently conjugated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and further functionalized with an azo dye (Congo red, CR) using carbodiimide. This Fe3O4 core and PAA-CR shell system (MNP/PAA-CR) exhibited binding affinity towards various cations (Pb2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cd2+, and Cu2+) at room temperature. Using MNP/PAA-CR we studied its heavy metal removal effectiveness and kinetics targeting Pb2+ under various reactions conditions including time and pH. The Pb2+ removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were maximal at pH 6.5 and 45 min of reaction time, and the Pb2+ adsorption kinetics better fit a pseudo second-order model than a first-order model. The adsorption of Pb2+ by MNP/PAA-CR was also investigated by the so-called Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the Langmuir isotherm predicted a maximum absorption of 195.3 mg.g-1. Our results further indicated that MNP/PAA-CR is potentially reusable after desorption of the adsorbed metal with only small decline in adsorption ability over five consecutive cycles of regeneration.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Existence of solutions for a resonant problem under landesman-lazer type conditions involving more general elliptic operators in divergence form
Ayazoglu, Rabil; Şule Şener, Sidika; Aydın, Tuba Ağırman
The present paper is concerned with the resonant problem −div (a (x, ∇u)) = λ1|u|p −2 u + f (x, u) − g(x) in Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain with smooth boundary in RN (N ≥ 2), p ∈ (1, ∞) and div(a (x, ∇u)) is a general elliptic operators in divergence form. By assuming a Landesman-Lazer type condition and using a variational method based on the Minimum Principle, we show the existence of a weak solution in the Sobolev space W0 1,p (Ω).
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Strategy development for the turkish ready-made garment sector using swot analysis – fuzzy topsis method
Ozbek, Ahmet; Pabuccu, Hakan; Esmer, Yusuf
The aim of this study was to integrate SWOT analysis and the fuzzy TOPSIS method to develop a strategy for the Turkish RMG sector. SWOT analysis was used to determine the strengths &weaknesses and opportunities & threats of the sector. New strategies were developed using SWOT analysis data, and then the fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to rank the strategies for the sector. Four strategies were determined: (1) building global brands, (2) providing government incentives to increase the competitive power of the sector, (3) effective use of e-commerce, and (4) transforming the sector into an attractive business area for young people. Empirical results indicate that the third strategy is ideal for the sector. However, SWOT analysis falls short of determining strategies for any sector. The ability of strategy making processes to yield positive outcomes depends largely on managers’ participation in decision-making processes. Fuzzy TOPSIS was used to model the inherent uncertainty in human knowledge and behaviour and to incorporate sector managers’ views into the system to assess alternatives that integrate SWOT.
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İncele - KitapAçık Erişim2020Financial system, financial development and firm survival: Perspectives from Turkish financial system and globalization
Kara, Adnan; Sayar, Ramazan
In modern economy, enterprises need to develop a financial system, including institutions such as banks and stock exchanges. This book aims to portray how financial system affects firms in global and regional levels. It offers new insights by examining financial institutions and factors affecting financial system. Six researchers from economics and business administration research fields contributed to this book. All contributions are theoretical studies.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3A new species of the genus Cataleptoneta Denis, 1955 (Araneae: Leptonetidae) from a cave in Turkey
Demircan, Nurcan
A new species of the genus Cataleptoneta Denis, 1955, Cataleptoneta aydintopcui sp. n., is described from a cave in southern Turkey on the basis of both sexes. Differences between the new species and related species are discussed. Drawing of characteristic features, the male palpal organ and the female genitalia are presented.
AtıfScopus4İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2020A TRENDLINE ANALYSIS FOR HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA OF OECD MEMBERS
Atalan, Abdulkadir; Çinar, Zeliha; Çinar, Mehmet
The aim of this study was to predict the per capita health expenditures (HE PC) of OECD countries for the future. Datasets were used to evaluate the accuracy of HE PC estimation of OECD members from 2000 to 2017 shared online by OECD DATA in this study. Forecasting calculations about HE PC cover the years 2018-2025. Estimation series method derived by trend-line equations was used to make any predictions for the future years in the methodology part of the present research. A trend line analysis by generating one linear equation and seven non-linear equations was carried out within this study. The minimum value of the amount of the HE PC was counted as $3,930.13 with the 4th order equation for the year 2018 and the highest amount was calculated as $5,760.47 for the year 2025 with the equation of exponential distribution. The average amount of the HE PC was calculated as $4,616.62 which can be argued as a decrease in the budget allocated for the HE PC. The minimization of the standard error of the mean level was the secondary goal of the work in order to ensure that the results obtained for estimation were consistent with the data used. Predictive equations for HE PC values were found to be suitable for use as a consistent analysis tool for future outcomes. It can be emphasized that there is no drawback in the use of estimation equations for other indicators in the field of healthcare, as only the use for HE PC was verified in this study.
AtıfScopus4İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2020Diaspora tourism
Aykaç, Emre; Apak, Ömer Ceyhun
A compilation of current academic studies on the tourism sector of Turkey, the 23 chapters of this book have been written by tourism academicians who are experts in their respective fields. The chapters contain qualitative or quantitative research data and current statistical data, making this book useful for academic research. I thank all the contributors and dedicate this book to my family.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3Effects of lactobacillus reuteri e81 added into rations of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) fed under heat stress conditions on fattening performance and meat quality
Tekce, Emre; Bayraktar, B.; Aksakal, V.; Dertli, E.; Kamiloğlu, A.; Çinar, K.; Takma, Ç.; Kaya, H.; Gül, M.
This study investigated the effects of the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri E81 (LRE) into rations of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) fed under heat stress (HS) conditions on fattening performance and meat quality. This study included 256 chukar partridges aged 1 day. The study comprised an adaptation period of 7 days and a fattening period of 35 days and included 8 different groups with 32 animals in each group. Each group was further divided into four subgroups with eight animals in each subgroup. At the end of the study, the best results in terms of fattening performance in the non-HS groups were obtained in the LRE 600 ppm group and in the HS groups, SLRE 200 ppm had the best effect on average live weight and average live weight increase, whereas SLRE 400 ppm had the best effect on FCR (p<0.05). The analysis of the samples collected from chukar partridges on day 21 showed that, there was no effect on the colour parameters and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in the LRE in the HS and non-HS groups, whereas the meat pH level decreased in the SLRE 400 ppm group (p<0.05). The analysis of the samples collected on day 42 showed that there was no effect on colour parameters in the HS and non-HS groups. TBARS level decreased at the dose of LRE 200 ppm in the non-HS group, and the meat pH level decreased in both HS and non-HS groups (p<0.05).
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3The impact of dietary tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) on serum apelin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cardiac troponin concentrations and histopathology of liver tissue in laying hens housed at different stocking densities
Bayraktar, Bulent; Tekce, Emre; Kaya, Hacer; Karaalp, Musa; Turunc, Eylul
Due to its association with several other stress factors (poultry house gases, inadequate ventilation, heat, cold and poor hygiene), the high stocking density is a major stress factor that adversely affects the health and performance of poultry and the quality of the poultry products. Therefore, this experimental study was aimed at analysing the impact of different doses of dietary tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) on the serum apelin, plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p-BDNF), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations, and the correlation between these indicators in laying hens housed at different stocking densities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding tarragon in different ratios to laying hen rations in the 2ndovulation period on the cTnI, apelin, and BDNF hormone concentrations and the liver histopathology. The experiment was carried out over a period of eight weeks, with 192 Lohman Brown commercial hybrids at 50 weeks of age. Eight groups (four replicates each), composed of laying hens of equal body weight, which were housed at stocking densities of 580 cm2/hen and 810 cm2/hen and received 0, 1, 5 and 10 mmol/kg of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) in the feed, were established. At the end of the trial, 96 of the housed egg-laying hens (3 birds in each subgroup, a total of 12 birds in each group) were randomly selected and blood samples were taken from the vena subcutanea ulnaris. The samples collected were analysed for the apelin, p-BDNF, and cTnI contents. The analysis results demonstrated that tarragon supplementation had no effect on the serum apelin, p-BDNF and cTnI concentrations (P > 0.05). The Sub-Groups ST1, ST1.2, and ST6 presented with severe hyperaemia of the sinusoidal, portal and acinar blood vessels, whilst the hyperaemia of these blood vessels was moderate in Sub-Group ST12. Apelin, BDNF, and cTnI can act as protective factors against negative consequences of stress (e.g., stocking density or heat stress).
AtıfScopus5WoS7OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3Model-based dynamic fractional-order sliding mode controller design for performance analysis and control of a coupled tank liquid-level system
Sekban, Hayriye Tugba; Can, Kaan; Basci, Abdullah
In this paper, a model-based dynamic fractionalorder sliding mode controller (FOSMC) is designed and implemented to a coupled tank experimental setup for controlling the liquid level. First, a model-based dynamic sliding-mode controller is designed by using the dynamic equations of a vertically positioned coupled tank system. Then, the sliding surface of the sliding-mode controller is defined in fractional order so that the designed controller can make better water level tracking. The liquid level control of the system is realized in two different steps. In the first step, the water level of the upper tank is controlled by a pump and in this application the bottom tank is not considered. In the second step, the water level of the bottom tank is controlled with upper tank's output water. In addition, a model-based dynamic sliding mode controller (SMC) is also applied to the system to show the performance of the proposed controller in terms of robustness to disturbances, reference tracking and error elimination capability. Experimental results show that the proposed controller reduces the reference tracking error by 3.68% and 10.17% for the upper tank and 17.07% for the bottom tank when compared to the SMC, and the control signal contains more chattering than the SMC.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex6İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2020Marketing finance, infrastructure, and entrepreneurshi
Kara, Adnan
This chapter examines the relationship between marketing finance, infrastructure, and entrepreneurship. The aim of the study is to show that countries' financial development improves infrastructure, reduces risks, and increases entrepreneurship. Marketing finance is the provision and management of monetary funds in order to carry out marketing activities. Marketing infrastructure is the existence of physical systems such as logistics, advertising agencies and research companies that carry out marketing activities. Marketing entrepreneurship is the transformation of innovative ideas into economic activities in coordination with marketing process management. In conclusion of the study, the development of the financial system affects the competitiveness. Thus, more marketing investments are made in a more competitive environment.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Electrical properties of Graphene/Silicon structure with Al2O3 interlayer
Kaymak, Nuriye; Bayram, Ozkan; Tataroğlu, Adem; Bilge Ocak, Sema; Oz Orhan, Elif
The electrical properties of the fabricated Al/Gr/Al2O3/p-Si structure have been analyzed using frequency-dependent capacitance/conductance–voltage (C/G–V) measurements. Graphene (Gr) nanosheets were grown on to copper (Cu) catalyst substrate, which has 99.99% purity, by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique, and then the Graphene was transferred on Al2O3/p-Si by the standard transfer process. The Graphene structures have been characterized by Raman Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses, and the results of both analyses confirmed the monolayer/bilayer Graphene nanostructure. The forward and reverse bias G–V and C–V measurements of this structure have been performed in 10 kHz–400 kHz and at 300 K. The frequency dispersion in C and G can be evaluated for interface state density (Dit) and series resistance (Rs) values. The values of Dit and Rs are dependent on frequency and increase with decreasing frequency. The Rs- V graph shows a peak form at all frequencies in the depletion region and vanishes with increasing frequency. The obtained results suggest that the prepared structure can be used in electronic device applications.
AtıfScopus25WoS23OpenAlex23İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020APPLICATION OF VARIATION OF THE PARAMETERS METHOD FOR MICROPOLAR FLOW IN A POROUS CHANNEL
Güngör, Osman; Arslantürk, Cihat
This work devoted to study the injective micropolar flow in a porous channel. The flow is driven by suction or injection on the channel walls, and the micropolar model is used to characterize the working fluid. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to the nonlinear ordinary coupled differential equations by using Ber-man’s similarity transformation. These equations are solved for large mass transfer via variation of parameters method (VPM) which has been used effectively in the solution of nonlinear equations recently. This method has not previously been applied to a problem of micropolar flow. The results of the variation of parameters method are found to be in excellent agreement with the results of the Matlab bvp4c solver (NUM). With this validity, the effects of the some important parameters on the velocity and rotation profile of micropolar flow are discussed in detail. It can be seen that increases in the values N1 and N3have different results in comparison with N2 increasing.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF HISTORICAL BAYBURT GRAND MOSQUE
Yurdakul, Muhammet; Yilmaz, Fatih; Artar, Musa
In this study, the locations of the damages that would occur when a historical building was exposed to different earthquakes were determined. The selected building is Bayburt Ulu Mosque located in the city center of Bayburt and it was built by the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan II. Gıyaseddin. This selected historical building is modelled according to the macro modelling technique in the SAP2000 program using the finite element method. Modules of elasticity, poisson's ratio and weight per unit of volume of Bayburt Stone which is used in the mosque are determined by the experiment. Also, the properties of the ground on which the building was built are determined. As earthquake records which recorded on similar grounds, components of DZC180 and DZC270 of 17 August 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, components BOL000 and BOL090 of 12 November 1999 Düzce earthquake and components of ERZE-EW and ERZE-NS of 13 March 1999 Erzincan earthquake are used. In the results of the dynamic analysis made, quantities and locations of the strains that can occur in the historic mosque are determined.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ4Investigation of alterations in PIK3CA and OCT-4 gene expression in breast cancer
Dirican, Ebubekir; Kankaya, Burak; Büyükaşık, Süleyman; Alış, Halil; Velidedeoğlu, Mehmet; İlvan, Sennur; İlvan, Ahmet
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent cancer amongst women and PIK3CA mutations have a crucial role in carcinogenesis. On the other hand, Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 (OCT-4) is common biomarkers of cancer stem cells, which provide to the pathological processes of numerous carcinomas. In this study, we evaluated the association of OCT-4 gene expression levels with the PIK3CA mutation in BCa patients. The mRNA expression level of the OCT-4 gene was detected by qPCR in 44 BCa patients and 30 BCa patients control have positive PIK3CA mutations. Exon 9 and exon 20 of PIK3CA mutations were identified by sequencing. OCT-4 gene expression and PIK3CA mutations were also clinically evaluated in BCa patients. The frequency of PIK3CA mutation in 44 new cases were 32%. PIK3CA mutations were significantly associated with HER2-positive (p = 0.0271) status, Ki-67 status (p = 0.0434) and patient age (p = 0.0149). OCT-4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the BCa tissue in comparison to normal breast tissue (p = 0.0305). A significant correlation was found between expression of OCT-4 and node status (p = 0.0190). OCT-4 mRNA expression was higher in the PIK3CA mutation tissue than the wild type tissue. However, no association was found between the expression of OCT-4 and the PIK3CA mutation or wild type samples (p = 0.7908). Our results provided that OCT-4 gene and PIK3CA mutations may have a role in development of BCa. OCT-4 mRNA expression level and PIK3CA mutations have a potential important for BCa diagnosis or treatment.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2The relationship between housing prices and inflation rate in Turkey: Evidence from panel Konya causality test
Korkmaz, Özge
Purpose: Human beings need shelter as the beginning of their existence. Same holds true for people who live in Turkey as it is a cultural and traditional reason to be the host and endeavor to buy a home even if one has to pay the debt for years. Another factor that is important for individuals and even for countries is the inflation rate. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the 26 regions of Turkey are affected by the inflationary pressure, specifically in the housing price index (HPI). Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, data from 2010:01 to 2019:01 and the consumer price index (CPI), as well as HPI have been used. The causal relationship between the variables is analyzed by Konya Causality (2006) test. Findings: The key results suggest that HPI causes inflationary pressures in some regions. Research limitations/implications: The study has some limitations in terms of data set and scope. These are as follows: although there are many variables affecting housing prices, this study aims to investigate the causal link between inflation and housing prices. In addition, only the CPI and HPI variables were provided on a monthly basis in the 2010-2019 period for 26 regions due to the aim of making regional propositions in the investigation of this relationship. For these reasons, different macroeconomic variables could not be studied. Originality/value: This study makes the following contribution to the literature. While the majority of existing literature investigates the relationship between housing prices and inflation from an empirical perspective for country, very few studies have been for the sub-regions and also these studies have focused on only some sub-regions. In other words, in the literature review, a study has observed that Turkey has to examine the relationship between the housing price and inflation variables for all sub-regions in particular. To overcome this deficiency in the literature, this study aims to investigate the relationship between housing price and inflation for 26 regions.
AtıfScopus24WoS18OpenAlex36İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020MODELING OF BOOST AND CUK CONVERTERS AND COMPARISON OF THEIR PERFORMANCE IN MPPT
Güngör, Okan; Yüksek, Halil İbrahim
The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panel systems depends on the structure of the photovoltaic cells and the transfer of energy from the PV panel to load. The focus of this study is energy transfer. The most important component in the energy transfer is maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The MPPT consists of two components: the algorithm for calculation the maximum power and the hardware for power generating. This study investigates how some the DC-DC converters (hardware) impact on the performance of the MPPT under six different environmental conditions by using two different duty cycle calculation methods. Contribution of this study to the literatüre is to analyze the performance of some the DC-DC converters in MPPT by completely eliminating the effect of MPPT algorithms. As a result of this study, while using the Boost converter in MPPT applications, the internal resistance of the PV panel must be equal or smaller than load resistance. However, the Cuk converter can reach to maximum power point in all conditions such as temperature, radiation and load.
AtıfScopus2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ4Effects of race, gender, body condition score and pregnancy on serum apelin levels in ewe
Bayraktar, Bülent; Tekce, Emre; Aksakal, Vecihi; Takma, Çiğdem; Bayraktar, Fatma Gülten; Şengül, Bülent
Apelin is an important adipokine hormone that is released from adipose tissue, which is considered as the energy store of the body, which plays a role in many physiological processes in the body, as well as cardiovascular, immune functions and energy, nutrients and fluid metabolism. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of lactation, pregnancy and gender on apelin hormone levels in blood serums belonging to different races of ewe. In the present study, the hormone levels of the pregnant, non-pregnant ewe and rams of the Akkaraman Kangal and Morkaraman races were thin, with different body condition scores (<2, 3 to 3.5 and ≥4). Apelin hormone level was determined by ELISA technique in blood serum samples of ewe's Jugular vein. It was determined that there was a difference in body scores between races and the interaction between race and body score was important (P<0.05). Apelin level in ewe in lactation and pregnant ewe did not change according to body condition scores (P>0.05). In terms of apelin, gender and body condition score, race and gender, and body condition score interactions were found to be significant.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex4TR Dizin2
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Superconducting and levitation force characterisation of pyrene added MgB2 bulk superconductors
Erdem, Ozge; Guner, Sait Baris; Celik, Sukru; Kucukomeroglu, Tayfur
This research presents the influence of pyrene (C16H10) addition (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt%) on the superconducting properties of bulk MgB2. For C16H10 added MgB2 samples, a shrinkage in a-lattice parameters was determined, whereas c-lattice parameters remained practically unchanged. The (1 1 0) peak observed at 2θ ≈ 59.9◦ slightly shifted to higher angles, the lattice strain increased and the crystallite size reduced after C16H10 addition. By virtue of induced stronger pinning force, the in-field critical current density (Jc) increased after C16H10 addition. The Jc value at 20 K and 4 T was obtained about two times higher (8.54 × 103 A/cm2) for 4 wt% C16H10 added MgB2 sample than that of the pure one. In addition, the variation of levitation force characteristic of MgB2 with increasing C16H10 content was determined at 20, 25 and 30 K. The best vertical levitation force performance in zero-field-cooled regime was obtained as 7.09 N/g at 20 K for 4 wt% C16H10 added MgB2 sample with 13 mm in diameter.
AtıfScopus8WoS6OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Hand washing in primary school students using “demonstration, puzzle, dance, song”: A nursing project based on multifaceted skills training
Ozcan, Aysegul; Ozdil, Kamuran; Kaya, Senay Sermet; Sezer, Fatma
Background: The effects of an educational strategy, “demonstration, puzzle, dance, song (DPDS),” on the hand washing skills of primary school students was ex-amined. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental, training research format with a pre-and posttest research design and was conducted by a research team from a university department of public health nursing. The study included 671 (90.2%) of 744 students who attended primary schools in Nevsehir, Turkey. Data were collected with a demographic data collection form and a Hand Washing Skills Evaluation List. McNemar, Fried-man, and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze findings. Results: Immediately after training, all steps of hand washing were performed at higher levels than before training (p < .01), and the difference between hand washing times was significant (p < .001). Conclusion: Hand washing skills and times increased after undergo-ing hand washing training using the DPDS method. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2020;51(4):158-166.].
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