Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Dertli, Enes(116)
- Şahin, Engin(48)
- Kaya, Yunus(46)
- Özen, Soner(46)
- İspirli, Hümeyra(45)
- Pat, Suat(44)
- Şenay, Volkan(42)
- Korkmaz, Şadan(36)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(33)
- Kutlu, Naciye(32)
- Cuce, Erdem(31)
- Öner, Erdal(31)
- Artar, Musa(30)
- Ertugrul, Mehmet(29)
- Hasar, Ugur Cem(29)
- Mercan, Emin(28)
- Bayraktar, Bülent(27)
- Bayram, Sinan(27)
- Can, Zehra(25)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(25)
- Çolak, Murat(23)
- Özdemir, Akın(23)
- Cuce, Pinar Mert(22)
- Sert, Durmuş(22)
- Ayata, Ümit(21)
- Bayram, Ozkan(21)
- Dirican, Ebubekir(20)
- Abdioglu, Murat(19)
- Ayazoglu, Rabil(19)
- Birinci, Ahmet(19)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(19)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(18)
- Taylan, Osman(18)
- Tozlu, Alperen(18)
- Gul, Volkan(15)
- Hasar, Ugur C.(15)
- Kadakal, Mahir(15)
- Sagdic, Osman(15)
- Ergün, Mustafa(14)
- Kadakal, Huriye(14)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2012The Qur'an Exegesis Culture Andalusia
Sentürk, Mustafa
this article, that we aim to examine the Qur'an exegesis culture in Andalusia, we want to handle the perception of Qur'an exegesis by searching answers for the following questions in general terms: How and when the Qur'an exegesis started in Andalusia? Who were the pioneers of the exegesis in Andalusia? What were the references of the exegesis in Andalusia? Which tafsirs were the exegesis in the region referring to? What was the methodology of exegesis in the region? Which procedure were commentators interested in among the assorted commentary drifts? What were the characteristics of interpretation in the region? Was there any difference in understanding of the Qur'an exegesis in Andalusia by comparison with other Islamic regions? If it was so, what were they? And finally, could Andalus create a school in tafsir in every respect?
AtıfWoS1OpenAlex8
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Mediation in Islamic Jurisprudence
Sen, Yusuf
The conflict resolution is the most fundamental matter that is all legal systems must carry out. People who have problems between themselves find solutions to their issues through the reconcilation, the mediation, the peace/sulh, the arbitration/consolidation and the court of law. In this paper mediation is pointed out as one of the methods of the conflict resolution. Concept analysis regarding to the meditaon is being made and also the comparision between sulh/peace and other conflict resolution methods are being done. In order to provide adequate ground for the mediation, the Quran and the prophet's practices are examined. Morever, the application of the mediation in the contemprary world is discussed. The procces of the mediation and the qualifications that are asked from the mediator are explained. The paper is ended at the conclusion part with the thoughts and the considerations.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex16İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2012SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ISTANBUL BRT
Yurdagül, Erman; Gerçek, Haluk; Cokorilo, O
With a population over 13 million Istanbul is the largest city in Europe. Traffic congestion is by far the most important problem that lessens the quality of life of the residents. Currently 1.8 million automobiles choke its roads daily. The rapid increase in motor vehicles, more than eightfold since 1980, has coincided with a dramatic population and economic growth. As a result, Istanbul is now overwhelmed by a flood of people and vehicles, an inadequate road network and a public transport system that has been slow to develop. This paper presents an overall evaluation of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System in Istanbul of which the first phase was opened in 2007 as a relatively high-speed, high-capacity public transport mode along one of the most congested traffic arterials in the city. Presently it carries about 600,000 passengers daily over a 44 km-long alignment with 33 stations. The paper focuses on system components and presents a comparison with some major BRT systems in the world. Moreover, operational characteristics of travel patterns and ridership are analyzed with the data collected from the surveys and operator of the system; Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management (IETT). This study concludes that although the Istanbul BRT System has some drawbacks regarding the running way, access to stations, fare structure and overloaded buses, it has resulted in considerable savings in commuters' travel time and CO2 emissions. Finally, some suggestions for solving the important problems of the system are presented.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ1Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on a low-cost activated carbon produced from tea industry waste: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study
Gundogdu, Ali; Duran, Celal; Senturk, H. Basri; Soylak, Mustafa; Ozdes, Duygu; Serencam, Huseyin; Imamoglu, Mustafa
The ability of activated carbon which was produced by chemical activation using zinc chloride from tea industry wastes (TIWAC) to adsorb phenol molecules from aqueous solution was tested by equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters. Phenol adsorption on TIWAC took place with a high yield at pH values in the range 4 to 8. The optimum contact period was observed as 4.0 h and from the adsorption graphs plotted as a function of time; it was established that phenol adsorption on TIWAC conformed more to a pseudosecond-order kinetic model. Additionally, it was determined that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion as well as film diffusion. It was established that phenol adsorption on TIWAC can be better defined by the Langmuir adsorption model and its adsorption capacity was 142.9 mg·g-1 from the linear Langmuir equation. Temperature had an adverse effect on adsorption yield, and hence, the adsorption process was exothermic in our case. Moreover, increasing electrolyte concentration in the medium has a positive effect on adsorption yield. From the data obtained, it was concluded that the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by TIWAC produced from tea industry wastes with a very low cost took place with an extremely high performance.
AtıfScopus228WoS212OpenAlex222
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ1Determination of the effect of volcanic pumice replacement on macro void development for blended cement mortars by computerized tomography
Tekin, Ilker; Birgul, Recep; Aruntas, Huseyin Yilmaz
In this study, the effect of volcanic pumice replacements with different ratios on the macro void development was observed using CT for a period of 100 days. The cured mortar specimens were imaged by X-ray CT on different days of the experiment. Utilizing Hounsfield Unit values as guides, void volumes and ratios were identified and measured by Matlab software. SEM images supported the X-ray CT results. It is shown that X-ray CT analysis is capable of assessing the development of macro voids in the mortar specimens.
AtıfScopus22WoS21OpenAlex20İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ3Changes in carbonic anhydrase activity and gene expression of Hsp70 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle after exposure to some metals
Söyüt, Hakan; Beydemir, Sükrü; Ceyhun, Saltuk Buǧrahan; Erdoǧan, Orhan; Kaya, Elif Duygu
The effects of some heavy metals Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I) on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity from rainbow trout (RT) muscle were investigated. Moreover, the effects of these metals on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene in muscle tissue were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) in muscle tissue aft er exposure to the metals at the end of 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. CA was purified with a specific activity of 2300 EU mg-1, a yield of 19%, and 1080-fold. The molecular weights (Mw) of subunit and native enzyme were approximately 30 and 31 kDa, respectively. Optimum pH, stable pH, optimum temperature, activation energy (Eα), activation enthalpy (ΔH), and Q10 (the difference in activity of enzyme caused by the increment of 10 oC) value were determined. Apparent Michaelis constant (Km), maximum reaction rate (Vmax), and turnover rate of the enzyme (Kcat) values were 1.29 mM, 0.17 μmol min-1, and 28.8 s-1, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) was 22.3. The heavy metals decreased in vitro CA activity. Inhibition mechanisms of the metal ions were noncompetitive, except for the Co(II) ion, which was competitive. The expression of the Hsp70 gene was increased in the presence of the metal ions. The expression level at the end of 48 h was the highest for all of the metals. Consequently, the in vitro inhibition rank order was determined as Co(II) > Zn(II) > Cu(II) > Ag(I). Interestingly, Ag(I) was the most effective metal ion on Hsp70 gene expression.
AtıfScopus9WoS8OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ1Multi-criteria decision making methods based weighted SERVQUAL scales to measure perceived service quality in hospitals: A case study from Turkey
Altuntas, Serkan; Dereli, Türkay; Yilmaz, Mustafa Kemal
The main objectives of this study are to: (i) measure hospital service quality by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) as a multi-criteria decision making method to acquire the relationship and the level of the importance among service quality measurement (SERVQUAL) dimension; (ii) find perceived service quality with respect to different hospital classes (A, B and C) in Istanbul, Turkey; (iii) compare AHP- and ANP-based weighted SERVQUAL scales with the unweighted SERVQUAL scale for public hospital service quality in terms of different hospital classes (A-B and C). First, four hospitals are selected randomly for each class and then, a questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL model is conducted for each class to measure perceived service quality with respect to five major criteria, namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, from patients' viewpoints at hospitals. Next, the second questionnaire based on ANP is developed to evaluate the importance of criteria and construct the relations among the criteria. The study sample contains 281 outpatients totally. Three important findings are obtained in this study. First, there is a significant difference among different hospital classes regarding the perceived service quality. Second, according to the patients, the most important service quality dimensions are empathy, the knowledge of employees, sympathetic and reassuring employees, services provided at the time promised to do so, and safe feeling of patients in interactions with hospital employees. Thirdly, the, perceived service quality through the AHP- and ANP-based SERVQUAL scale is higher than that with the unweighted SERVQUAL scale.
AtıfScopus93WoS74OpenAlex100İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ4Investigation of anti-oxidative and anti-genotoxic effects of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil on human lymphocytes in vitro
Ceker, Selcuk; Agar, Guleray; Nardemir, Gokce; Anar, Mustafa; Kizil, Hamit Emre; Alpsoy, Lokman
Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) is a flavoring herb widely using around the world. Some preparations and extracts from O. vulgare have been used in Turkish traditional medicine to treat several ailments including digestive disorders and menstrual problems. This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antigenotoxic and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of O. vulgare (OVE) from Turkey. The essential oil of O. vulgare was analized by using GC. OVEs that were investigated antagonistic effects against oxidative stress and the genotoxic effects of aflatoksin B1 (AFB1). Anti-genotoxic activity was evaluated by sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronucleus (MN) tests. In additional to investigating protective role of OVEs against the oxidative stress of AFB1 in vitro, oxidative status was assessed on erythrocytes by measuring following oxidative stress markers like; super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA).The total of the 25 identified components are accounted for 96.03 % (GC). Major components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (20.40%), and caryophyllene oxide (34.44%). In the SCE and MN tests, it was observed that OVEs suppressed the mutagenic effects of AFB1. OVEs were observed to modulate the adverse effects of AFB1. The results of this experiment clearly reveal that OVEs have strong anti-oxidative and anti-genotoxic effect. These anti-genotoxic effects of O. vulgare essential oils are probably related to its action on the enzymatic activation system. Anti-oxidative and anti-genotoxic effect may be role of these compounds (β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide).
AtıfScopus14WoS16OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ1Facility layout using weighted association rule-based data mining algorithms: Evaluation with simulation
Altuntas, Serkan; Selim, Hasan
Facility layout has considerable effects on the operational productivity and efficiency of a facility because of its direct effect on material handling costs. The objective of this study is to propose new weighted association rule-based data mining approaches for facility layout problem. Classic association rule-based approaches assume that each item has the same level of significance. On the other hand, in weighted association rule-based approaches, each item is assigned a weight according to its significance with respect to some user defined criteria. In this study, different weighted association rule-based data mining approaches, namely MINWAL(O), MINWAL(W), WARM and BWARM, are applied to facility layout problem. To confirm the viability of the proposed approaches, two case studies are presented. The approaches are compared in terms of general performance criteria for the facility layout problems using simulation. This is the first study that applies weighted association rule-based data mining approaches to facility layout problem. To address the needs in practice, "demand", "part handling factor" and "efficiency of material handling equipment" are used as the weighting criteria. Then, this study differs from the previous works in that it considers the three key location factors together.
AtıfScopus45WoS28OpenAlex43İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ2The impact of heavy metals on the activity of carbonic anhydrase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney
Söyüt, Hakan; Beydemir, Şükrü
Many environmental and health problems have become a consequence of contamination of soil and water by toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants in the present age of technology. Heavy metals play vital roles in enzyme activities and other metabolic events with their bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties among aquatic pollutants. Metal toxicity causes irregular metallothioneins protein synthesis, renal damage, and disruption of bone structure in humans and wildlife. In this study, we investigated in vitro effects of some metals on chemical-targeted carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme from rainbow trout kidney. The enzyme was purified with a specific activity of 17,285 EU × mg-1 and 31.7% yield and approximately 1800-fold using simple affinity purification method. Molecular weights of the subunit and native enzyme were estimated as 28.7 kDa and 26.9 kDa via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex-G 200 column, respectively. Other kinetic properties of the enzyme were determined. Apparent Km, Vmax and kcat values were 0.40 mM, 0.097 μmol min-1 and 15.2 s-1 for p-nitrophenylacetate substrate, respectively. Inhibitory effects of cobalt, zinc, copper, cadmium and silver on CA activity were determined using the esterase method under in vitro conditions. IC50 and Ki values were calculated for metals. Ki values for Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ag+ were 0.035, 1.2, 34.8, 103 and 257 from Lineweaver-Burk graphs, respectively. Consequently, in vitro inhibition rank order was determined as Co2+ > Zn2+ > Cu 2+ > Cd2+ > Ag+. The potential inhibitor for CA was found as Co2+ from these results.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ2Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel bromophenols including natural products
Balaydiin, Halis Türker; Soyut, Hakan; Ekinci, Deniz; Göksu, Sleyman; Beydemir, Şkrü; Menzek, Abdullah; Şahin, Ertan
(2-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone (10) and its derivatives with Br, one dibromide and isomeric three tribromides, were synthesized. Demethylation of these compounds afforded a series of new bromophenols. Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) isozyme by these new bromophenols and naturally occurring 3,4,6-tribromo-5-(2,5- dibromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)benzene-1,2-diol (3), and 5,5′-methylenebis(3, 4,6-tribromo-benzene-1,2-diol) (4) was investigated. The synthesized compounds showed carbonic anhydrase inhibitory capacities with IC 50 values in the range of 0.7372 μM against hCA II. Some bromophenols investigated here showed effective hCA II inhibitory activity and might be used as leads for generating novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which are valuable drug candidates for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis.
AtıfScopus42WoS43OpenAlex41İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ1The relation of collector and storage tank size in solar heating systems
Çomakli, Kemal; Çakir, Uǧur; Kaya, Mehmet; Bakirci, Kadir
The most popular method to benefit from the solar energy is to use solar water heating systems since it is one of the cheapest way to benefit from the solar energy. The investment cost of a solar water heating system is very low, and the maintenance costs are nearly zero. Using the solar energy for solar water heating (SWH) technology has been greatly improved during the past century. A storage tank is used in many solar water heating systems for the conservation of heat energy or hot water for use when some need it. In addition, domestic hot water consumption is strongly variable in many buildings. It depends on the geographical situation, also on the country customs, and of course on the type of building usage. Above all, it depends on the inhabitants' specific lifestyle. For that reason, to provide the hot water for consumption at the desirable temperature whenever inhabitants require it, there must be a good relevance between the collectors and storage tank. In this paper, the optimum sizes of the collectors and the storage tank are determined to design more economic and efficient solar water heating systems. A program has been developed and validated with the experimental study and environmental data. The environmental data were obtained through a whole year of operation for Erzurum, Turkey.
AtıfScopus103WoS87OpenAlex108İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ2An evaluation index system for prediction of technology commercialization of investment projects
Altuntas, Serkan; Dereli, Turkay
Technology commercialization is a hot topic for governments, entrepreneurs, marketers and researchers due to the fact that its measurement is quite important for decision makers to know their possible growth potential in a dynamic and competitive environment. Having a high technology commercialization potential for invested technology is the engine of national development and growth as well. However, the measuring technology commercialization of any investment project is difficult because of the fact that there are some difficult questions, which should be answered exactly. For example, 'how will the technology be marketed in own sector?' 'Which factors are important for considered technology and affect technology commercialization?' 'Which scientific methods should be used for predication of technology commercialization potential properly?' and so on. The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation index system for predicting the technology commercialization of the investment project. At the beginning of this study, a review of the technology commercialization literature is performed to address the factors which affect technology commercialization. Then, the evaluation index system proposed in this study can be used to prioritize investment projects in terms of their technology commercialization potential. It uses fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) methods and beta distribution to estimate the mean of each factor. Next, a solution approach to find an index value which shows technology commercialization potential is proposed. The proposed approach firstly finds interrelationships among the factors under fuzziness by using the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) method. Subsequently, it makes use of the fuzzy Analytic Network Process (Fuzzy ANP) method to determine the weights of factors. The values of all factors are then predicted by experts and assessed by beta distribution to estimate the mean of each factor with respect to the experts' opinion. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
AtıfScopus25WoS18OpenAlex34İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ2Reflection and refraction of a harmonic SH wave at the interface of two dissimilar media with microheterogeneity
Altan, Burhanettin S.
Reflection and refraction of harmonic SH-waves from the interface of two dissimilar media with microheterogeneity is studied. The effect of the microheterogeneity on the overall behavior of the media is taken into account by adding higher order displacement gradients in the stress-strain relationship. It is found that a harmonic wave reflects back with the same angle of the incident wave, like in a classical case. However, it is found that the direction of propagation of the refracted wave is dependent on the wave number. It is also shown that the critical angle for which the incident wave cannot be transmitted to the other half plane is dependent on the wave number.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ3Effect of magnetic flux distribution and magnetic powder addition on the magnetic levitation force of Sm123 superconductors
Abdioglu, M.; Ozturk, K.; Kutuk, S.; Bolat, S.; Yanmaz, E.
Sm123 and Sm211 were prepared by melt-powder-melt-growth and solid-state-reaction techniques, respectively, to have the nominal composition of (Sm123) 0.75 (Sm211) 0.25. After the preparation of this composition, the Fe-B magnetic powder (MP) was added to the composition for 0.000, 0.010, 0.015, 0.025, 0.050 wt.% to investigate the effect of MP addition on the levitation force density (LFD). Additionally, different permanent magnets (PM) were used as magnetic-field source to investigate the effect of magnetic-field gradient on the LFD of MP added superconductors. Our findings indicate that the MP addition acts as a flux pinning centre in the sample and enhances the LFD up to 0.025 wt.% adding amount, and the optimum flux gradient which produces a screening current in the sample occurs when the B/d (magnetic-field intensity/ diameter of PM) ratio is equal to 0.060. These results imply that the experimental data can be useful for fabricating process of superconducting samples with larger MLF values, and designing of superconducting magnets, flywheel energy storage and maglev systems.
AtıfScopus10WoS10OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ1Effect of ultrasound treatment on steady and dynamic shear properties of glucomannan based salep dispersions: Optimization of amplitude level, sonication time and temperature using response surface methodology
Karaman, Safa; Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Ertugay, Mustafa Fatih; Baslar, Mehmet; Kayacier, Ahmed
The present study investigated effect of different amplitude levels (40, 70 and 100%), sonication temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) and exposure times (3, 7 and 11 min) on steady shear properties; apparent viscosity (η), shear stress (σ), consistency coefficient (K), flow behavior index (n) and dynamic shear properties; storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), complex viscosity (η), complex modulus (G) and loss tangent (tan δ) values of glucomannan based salep solution (SS) and salep drink (SD) samples. In addition, the steady and dynamic shear properties were optimized using ridge analysis in terms of amplitude level, sonication temperature and exposure times levels. Increasing amplitude level and sonication time decreased considerably the η, σ, K, G′, G″ and η values of salep dispersions (SS and SD samples). However, sonication temperature did not have a remarkable effect on these properties.
AtıfScopus40WoS36OpenAlex42İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ1The role of cogeneration systems in sustainability of energy
Çakir, Uǧur; Çomakli, Kemal; Yüksel, Fikret
Cogeneration system (CHP) is one of the ways to save the energy and use the energy efficiently. When compared to separate fossil-fired generation of heat and electricity, CHP may result in a consistent energy conservation (usually ranging from 10% to 30%) while the avoided CO 2 emissions are, as a first approximation, similar to the amount of energy saving. In terms of sustainability, one of the primary considerations is energy efficiency. Sustainable energy is considered as a kind of energy which is renewable and continuous, meaning that the use of such energy can potentially be kept up well into the future without causing harmful repercussions for future generations. In this study, environmental benefits and sustainability aspects of cogeneration systems and importance of those systems to the use of sustainable energy are underlined. To support this idea, first we have referred some scientific studies previously made on cogeneration systems and then we have used our own case study. The case study made on gas engined cogeneration system was applied for a hospital to show the sustainability aspects of cogeneration systems.
AtıfScopus115WoS97OpenAlex135İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2011WHO CAN UNDERSTAND THE GIFTED STUDENTS? A LESSON PLAN BASED ON HISTORY TO ENHANCE THE GIFTED STUDENTS' LEARNING
Ilhan, Ersin; Pytlak, M; Rowland, T; Swoboda, E
The need of gifted students of a deeper understanding of mathematics has lead to the enrichment programs. Al-Khwarizmi's work is used to develop a lesson plan aiming to create the appropriate atmosphere to help gifted students in a modern classroom understand the mathematics created by a gifted mathematician in the past. The objectives and the associated lesson plan developed by the author are suitable for implementation in Science and Art Centers which the gifted students in Turkiye attend after school.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011The Methodological Value and the Function of Ma'ruf/Mashur Sunnah in Determination and Critique of Hadith
Aydin, Nevzat
Sunnah, along with Quran, has become an essential criteria in the Islamic thought in determination and critique of hadith in terms of their relatedness to the Prophet. However, different approaches toward the determination and the content of the Sunnet as the essential factor in terms of the articulation and functionality of this criteria have been appeared in the long historical proccess. Thus, this paper, especially, is a step for articulating the place of ma'rouf/mashour sunnah, which was a dominant concept in the first two centuries of the Hijri calendar, in determination and critique method of hadith and also, its historical background and function. Even though there are some limitations of active usage of ma'rouf/mashour sunnah originated from different understandings of sunnah, it is an important and primary criteria developed from methodological structure of the determination and the critique of hadith, and also it is a criterion which keeps its value in its consistency, applicability and functionality.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Scopus SJRQ2Statistical Downscaling of Monthly Precipitation Using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data for Tahtali River Basin in Turkey
Fistikoglu, Okan; Okkan, Umut
Statistical downscaling methods describe a statistical relationship between large-scale atmospheric variables such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, etc., and local-scale meteorological variables like precipitation. This study examines the potential predictor variables selected from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data set for downscaling monthly precipitation in Tahtali watershed in Turkey. An approach based on the assessment of all possible regression types was used to select the predictors among the NCEP reanalysis data set, and artificial neural network (ANN)-based downscaling models were designed separately for each station in the basin. The results of the study showed that precipitation, surface and sea level pressures, air temperatures at surface, 850-, 500-, and 200-hPa pressure levels, and geopotential heights at 850- and 200-hPa pressure levels are the most explanatory NCEP/NCAR parameters for the study area. It was concluded that ANN-based downscaling models can be implemented to downscale coarse-scale atmospheric parameters to monthly precipitation at station scale by using the above parameters as inputs in the study area.
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