Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Yazarlar

  • MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ2
    The Al doping effect on the surface, optical, electrical and nanomechanical properties of the ZnO and AZO thin films prepared by RF sputtering technique

    Pat, Suat; Mohammadigharehbagh, Reza; Özen, Soner; Şenay, Volkan; Yudar, H. Hakan; Korkmaz, Şadan

    In this study, ZnO and aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited at constant RF power of 100 W for the determine of the structural, surface, optical, electrical and nanomechanical properties. X–Ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation technique and UV–Vis spectrophotometer were used. ZnO (100) and ZnO (004) orientations were detected in the ZnO and AZO films. The crystallite size values for the films were calculated as to be as 35 nm and 20 nm for ZnO and AZO thin films, respectively. It was found that the roughness values decreased to 3.15 nm from 5.15 nm for AZO and ZnO films, respectively. The hardness values of the ZnO and AZO thin films are measured as 7 GPa and 11 GPa. Young's modulus values were determined as 155 GPa and 95 GPa for ZnO and AZO films, respectively. The ZnO and AZO thin films have high transparency.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ1
    Effect of high pressure homogenization (HPH) on microstructure and rheological properties of hazelnut milk

    Gul, Osman; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker; Mortas, Mustafa; Atalar, Ilyas; Yazici, Fehmi

    The effect of high pressure homogenization (HPH) on microstructure and rheological properties of hazelnut milks was investigated. Hazelnut milk samples were produced from cold pressed hazelnut cake and homogenized up to 150 MPa pressure. Microstructural and rheological properties of products, except temperature sweep, were greatly affected by HPH treatments. Homogenized samples showed significant reduction in particle size, which turned from bimodal and poly-disperse to monodisperse distributions. HPH decreased the consistency of products from 91.82 to 0.51 Pa.sn and increased flow behavior index from 0.15 to 0.36. All samples showed higher values G′ than G″, which indicates that samples could be classified as soft-gel network, and hazelnut milk samples did not obey the Cox-Merz rule without multiplying angular frequency with shift factor. In conclusion, HPH can be used to reduce the consistency of samples and the friction loss, thus minimizing the amount of energy required to flow during processing and distribution. Industrial relevance. Vegetable based beverages are available at any supermarket as an alternative to dairy products with an increasing consumer acceptance. Between these beverages hazelnut milk samples are the most noteworthy products due to important role in human nutrition and health, and moreover due to well accepted and widely consumed product. Due to its composition, hazelnut milks have very high consistency, and therefore, the energy consumption for processing and handling is too high. In this research, the high pressure homogenization (HPH) technology was successfully proposed to be used for improving microstructural properties, and hence reducing its consistency. The energy consumption during processing and distribution can be minimized by reducing the consistency and friction losses of product.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ1
    Potential application of high pressure homogenization (HPH) for improving functional and rheological properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) proteins

    Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker; Gul, Osman; Tural, Serpil; Turhan, Sadettin

    The potential application of high pressure homogenization (HPH) for modifying the solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties, particle size distributions, zeta potential and rheological properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) proteins was evaluated. HPH decreased particle size, produced higher zeta potential and stronger electrostatic repulsion, and hence, improved water solubility, as well as emulsifying, foaming properties, flow ability and dynamic shear properties of protein suspensions. Steady and dynamic shear results indicated that samples had shear-thinning and soft-gel network behavior due to higher G′ than G″. Creep and recovery tests were explained with Burgers and exponential decay models, respectively, and led to a better understanding the internal structure, as well as elastic and viscous behavior. The final percentage recovery increased as homogenization pressure increased due to strengthened solid-like structure of protein suspensions. These results revealed that HPH can be a valuable process to improve functional and rheological properties of MDCM proteins.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ2
    Morphological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Local Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) Germplasm from Turkey; [Morphologische, biochemische und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Zuchtmaterials der Japanischen Wollmispel (Eriobotrya Japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) aus der Türkei]

    Akbulut, Mustafa; Gozlekci, Sadiye; Ercisli, Sezai; Cakir, Ozlem

    Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) grown well for commercial purposes in subtropical regions nearly 30 countries and originated from China. The most important loquat producers in the world are China, Spain, Turkey, Pakistan, India, Italy and Brazil. In this study, ten pre-selected promising loquat genotypes sampled from eastern Black region and analyzed for their important morphological, biochemical and antioxidant characteristics. The standard cultivar ‘Sayda’ is also included in the study. The results indicated differences for all of the morphological, biochemical and antioxidant characteristics among tested genotypes. Fruit mass and fruit flesh percentage of the genotypes ranged from 35.40 g (LOQ-8) to 46.90 g (LOQ-5) and from 79.40 (%) to 86.32 (%) indicating some local genotypes had higher fruit mass and fruit flesh percentage than standard cultivar ‘Sayda’. Total phenolic content was the highest as 263 μg GAE/g in LOQ-7 genotype while the lowest in LOQ-8 genotype (185 μg GAE/g). LOQ-7 genotype had the highest total antioxidant capacity. Local genotypes in general have higher total phenolic, total carotenoid, vitamin C and antioxidant activity than cv. ‘Sayda’.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016
    Rheological and Molecular Characterization of Modified Pectin from Sugar Beet Meal

    Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Muslu, Asli; Dertli, Enes; Toker, Omer Said

    The pectin was produced from sugar beet pulp, one of the significant waste of sugar industry, at optimum conditions (pH, time and temperature). Then, the modification was carried out using pectinase. FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis were performed to characterize the differences between modified and unmodified pectin. FT -IR analysis revealed the specific regions of pectin and 1600-1800 cm-1 bands. Galacturonic acid content was analyzed by HPLC. The obtained results revealed that the modified pectin had higher galacturonic acid content. In addition, flow properties of the modified pectin was also determined. The flow characteristics of modified pectin was observed to change.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016
    An Alternative Approach to Budget Management in University: Participatory Budgeting

    Çam Tosun, Figen

    The aim of this study is to reveal university / faculty managers and university components' (student, teaching staff, and administrative staff) opinions about participatory budgeting. In this research qualitative E research method was used to describe university / faculty managers and university components (student, 0 teaching staff, and administrative staff) opinions about participatory budgeting. Interviews were made as a part of qualitative research method. Working group is composed of totally 66 members from Ankara, Balikesir and Erzincan Universities. Semi-structured interview forms developed by researcher were applied as data collection tools. Collected data in interviews were applied descriptive analysis technique. When we take participants as a whole, the majority want participatory budget to be carried out at the universities.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2
    Surface, Nanomechanical, and Optical Properties of Mo-Doped GeGaAs Thin Film Deposited by Thermionic Vacuum Arc

    Pat, Suat; Senay, Volkan; Özen, Soner; Korkmaz, Sadan

    Mo-doped and undoped GeGaAs layers have been deposited by the thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method, an alternative, fast plasma deposition technique. The thicknesses of the deposited layers were identical. The surface, mechanical, and optical properties of the deposited layers were studied to determine the influence of Mo doping on GeGaAs. The transparency of GeGaAs was shifted towards the near-infrared region by Mo doping. Bandgap values shifted by approximately 0.3 eV. In other words, the bandgap value of Mo-doped GeGaAs was nearly equal to that of GaAs materials. The average roughness and grain size of the Mo-doped material were smaller than for the GeGaAs layer. The particle distributions of the Mo-doped and undoped GeGaAs were almost perfect Gaussians. However, the mean height of the Mo-doped GeGaAs grains was six times that for undoped GeGaAs. The surface was homogeneous. The Mo-doped layer showed greater absorbance than the GeGaAs material. The produced Mo-doped sample showed hybrid properties.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ3
    PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF WILD GROWN BLACKBERRY AND MULBERRY IN TURKEY

    Akin, Meleksen; Eyduran, Sadiye Peral; Ercisli, Sezai; Yilmaz, Ilker; Cakir, Ozlem

    Blackberry and mulberry are main berry crops grown in Black Sea region mostly in humid shade forest areas and its important for local people's diet and also important for the maintenance of their health and prevention of disease. Present study aimed to determine the content of vitamin C, organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid), sugars (glucose and fructose) and phenolic compounds (catechin, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and gallic acid), as well as antioxidant capacity (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, TEAC assay) in the wild grown blackberry and mulberry fruit. Among phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid was the predominant for all wild grown blackberries, white and black mulberries. The presence of oxalic acid was only detected in the wild blackberry genotype. As a result, the phytochemical recognition of the wild grown blackberry, black and white mulberries might contribute to forthcoming investigations for developing the efficiency of food industry.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016
    ANALYSIS OF A LONG STRIP CONTAINING AN INTERNAL OR EDGE CRACK USING FEM

    Yaylaci, Murat; Birinci, Ahmet; Adiyaman, Gokhan; Öner, Erdal

    This paper presents the elastostatic plane problem of a long strip containing an internal or edge crack perpendicular to its boundaries. The plane problem consists of an infinitely long strip of thickness h. The infinitely long strip is loaded by uniformly distributed load and rests on two simple supports. It is assumed that the effect of gravity is neglected. The finite element model of the problem is constituted using ANSYS software and the two dimensional analysis of the problem is carried out. Normalized stress-intensity factors for the cases with internal and edge crack, and normal stress (sigma(x)) for uncracked layer case are obtained for various dimensionless quantities. Finally, the results obtained from the finite element analysis are verified by comparing with analytical ones and it is seen that the results from finite element analysis indicate a good agreement with the analytical solution.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016
    EFFECT OF IN SITU EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION ON SENSORY PROPERTIES OF TURKISH-TYPE FERMENTED SAUSAGE

    Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Toker, Omer Said; Tatlisu, Nevruz Berna; Arici, Muhammet; Dertli, Enes

    In this study, effect of in situ exopolysaccharide (EPS) production on sensory properties of Turkish-type fermented sausage (sucuk) was determined. Sausage mixes were prepared as four groups: (a) Control group, control sausage samples produced without LAB addition, with natural flora, (b) Strain 1 group, sausage samples produced by using Strain 1 (EPS+ Lactobacillus plantarum 162 R strain), (c) Strain 2 group: sausage samples produced by using Strain 2 (EPS+ Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6) and (d) Mixture group, sausage samples produced by using mixture of Strain 1 and Strain 2. These mixes were fermented at 14, 16 and 18 degrees C for 8, 12 and 16 days. Fermentation conditions remarkably affected the sensory properties of the sausage using different EPS producing EPS. These results of this study demonstrated the importance of in situ EPS production on final sensory properties of sausage.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016
    The Effects of Boron Alloying on the Structural and Optical Properties of GaAs Deposited by a Thermionic Vacuum Arc Method

    Pat, Suat; Korkmaz, Sadan; Özen, Soner; Senay, Volkan

    This study reports the influence of the boron alloying on the structural and optical properties of GaAs compound for the first time. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, interferometer, photoluminescence spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy tools were used for the determination of the structural and optical properties. As results, boron atoms affect the bang gap to upper energy level with very small variations. But, structural properties and grain dimensions of GaAs have improved by adding boron atoms. The results show that used method, thermionic vacuum arc, is the fast, direct, environmental and very easy-doped BGaAs ternary compounds deposition method according to other methods. Finally, this method is a promising method for GaAs technology.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ3
    Thermodynamic optimization of a zero CO2 emission cogeneration cycle

    Karaali, Rabi; Ozturk, Ilhan Tekin

    CO2 emissions that have the greatest negative impact on the greenhouse and the global warming that should be decreased or kept at the same rates. Today fossil fuels share 60 % of total electricity production of the world, which plays an important role on CO2 emissions. Thermal cogeneration and zero CO2 emission cycles have potential for reducing this effect. By taking into consideration the most applicable and important zero CO2 emission cycles, a new cycle is designed. Thermodynamic analyses and optimization of this cycle is studied with FORTRAN code. The optimization results of this cycle show that the maximum exergy efficiency of this new cycle is 64 %, which is 17.6 % higher than (0,544) the one for the air preheated cogeneration cycle (APHCC) and 18.7 % higher than (53,9) the absorption cooling zero CO2 emission cycle (ACZEC). In the introduced new cycle, steam and CO2 in the exhaust gases are condensed so that the condensing energy of them is regained. For that reason, the heat output and the electrical power of the introduced cycle is better than the other cogeneration cycles.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1
    Experimental determination of Drucker-Prager yield criterion parameters for normal and high strength concretes under triaxial compression

    Öztekin, Ertekin; Pul, Selim; Hüsem, Metin

    In this study, parameters which define Drucker-Prager yield criterion were investigated experimentally for both normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC) by triaxial compression tests. Total 16 concrete series with different concrete strength were produced. While 8 concrete series were produced as NSC (20 MPa < fcm < 55 MPa), other 8 series were produced as HSC (55 MPa < fcm < 85 MPa). Each series contains 16 specimens. Triaxial compression tests were performed on these concrete specimens. Concrete compressive strength of the specimens were measured under 4 different lateral compression level (0, 1, 2 and 4 MPa). After Mohr circles were drawn by using the data obtained from triaxial compression tests, the values of cohesion were determined between 5 MPa and 13 MPa for NSC and 13 MPa and 19 MPa for HSC. The values of internal friction angle were also obtained between 27° and 34° for NSC, 34° and 39° for HSC from the Mohr circles. The parameters defining the Drucker-Prager yield criterion were determined by using the values of cohesion and internal friction angle. Finally, after some equations were proposed to calculate the parameters by using concrete compressive strength, the validation of these equations were also proved in this study.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1
    Improvement in performance properties of asphalt using a novel boron-containing additive

    Oruç, Şeref; Yılmaz, Bahadır

    In current times, many additives are used to improve the performance characteristics of asphalt. In this study, a new additive that contains boron, given the short name of cyclic borate ester (CBE), was chemically synthesised in laboratory conditions. It was added to the asphalt binder as 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% ratios of asphalt by weight, and modified asphalt samples were produced. The effects of CBE on the conventional properties of asphalt binder (penetration, softening point, ductility, flash point, Fraass breaking point) were examined using a dynamic shear rheometer, rotational viscosity, a rolling thin film oven, a pressure aging vessel and bending beam rheometer test methods. Results showed that the use of CBE additive increased the hardness, softening point, viscosity, flash-point value and rutting resistance of asphalt binder and decreased temperature sensitivity. CBE also enhanced elastic responses (increased complex shear modulus and decreased phase angle), aging resistance and low-temperature cracking resistance and did not change the cohesion property.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2
    Maximizing deviation method for neutrosophic multiple attribute decision making with incomplete weight information

    Şahin, Rıdvan; Liu, Peide

    This paper develops a method for solving the multiple attribute decision-making problems with the single-valued neutrosophic information or interval neutrosophic information. We first propose two discrimination functions referred to as score function and accuracy function for ranking the neutrosophic numbers. An optimization model to determine the attribute weights that are partly known is established based on the maximizing deviation method. For the special situations where the information about attribute weights is completely unknown, we propose another optimization model. A practical and useful formula which can be used to determine the attribute weights is obtained by solving a proposed nonlinear optimization problem. To aggregate the neutrosophic information corresponding to each alternative, we utilize the neutrosophic weighted averaging operators which are the single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging operator and the interval neutrosophic weighted averaging operator. Thus, we can determine the order of alternatives and choose the most desirable one(s) based on the score function and accuracy function. Finally, some illustrative examples are presented to verify the proposed approach and to present its effectiveness and practicality.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1
    Electrorheological Fluids Equations Involving Variable Exponent with Dependence on the Gradient via Mountain Pass Techniques

    Mashiyev, R. Ayazoglu; Ekincioglu, Ismail

    This article deals with a quasilinear elliptic equation with variable exponent under a homogenous Dirichlet boundary-value condition, where nonlinearity also depends on the gradient of the solution. By using an iterative method based on Mountain Pass techniques, the existence of a positive solution is obtained.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ3
    Correlation between the DNA methylation and gene expression of IGFBP5 in breast cancer

    Karabulut, Sevgi; Kaya, Zehra; Amuran, Gökçe Gullu; Peker, Irem; Özmen, Tolga; Gulluolu, Bahadir M.; Kaya, Handan; Erzik, Can; Ozer, Ayşe; Akkiprik, Mustafa

    BACKGROUND: The insulin-like growth factor binding protein5 (IGFBP5) is often dysregulated in human cancers and considered neither a tumor suppressor nor an oncogene. OBJECTIVE: We aim to examine the reason of the changeable gene regulation of IGFBP5 in the case of methylation in breast cancer. METHODS: We used methyl-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction to detect CpG methylation of IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I in breast cancer and adjacent tissues. Gene expression is evaluated by quantative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: IGFBP5 methylation was detected in 24 of 58 (41%) and 54 of 56 (96.5%) promoter and exon-I site respectively in tumor tissues. In adjacent tissues 17 of 58 (29%) and 53 of 56 (96.5%) was methylated. IGFBP5 expression was higher estrogene receptor (ER)(+) than ER(-) patients (p = 0:0549). Beside, we found a positive correlation between the expression of IGFBP5 and G2 tumor grade (p = 0:0131). However, no correlation was observed between IGFBP5 expression and age, menopause or the presence of lymph node metastasis (p > 0:05). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our results showed that IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I methylation did not have any differences between tumor and adjacent tissues so that IGFBP5 methylation did not change IGFBP5 gene regulation in breast cancer. This is the first study investigating the IGFBP5 gene methylation in breast cancer.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1
    Use of Q-learning approaches for practical medium access control in wireless sensor networks

    Kosunalp, Selahattin; Chu, Yi; Mitchell, Paul D.; Grace, David; Clarke, Tim

    This paper studies the potential of a novel approach to ensure more efficient and intelligent assignment of capacity through medium access control (MAC) in practical wireless sensor networks. Q-Learning is employed as an intelligent transmission strategy. We review the existing MAC protocols in the context of Q-learning. A recently-proposed, ALOHA and Q-Learning based MAC scheme, ALOHA-Q, is considered which improves the channel performance significantly with a key benefit of simplicity. Practical implementation issues of ALOHA-Q are studied. We demonstrate the performance of the ALOHA-Q through extensive simulations and evaluations in various testbeds. A new exploration/exploitation method is proposed to strengthen the merits of the ALOHA-Q against dynamic the channel and environment conditions.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1
    EpsA is an essential gene in exopolysaccharide production in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785

    Dertli, Enes; Mayer, Melinda J.; Colquhoun, Ian J.; Narbad, Arjan

    Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 has an eps gene cluster which is required for the biosynthesis of homopolymeric exopolysaccharides (EPS)-1 and heteropolymeric EPS-2 as a capsular layer. The first gene of the cluster, epsA, is the putative transcriptional regulator. In this study we showed the crucial role of epsA in EPS biosynthesis by demonstrating that deletion of epsA resulted in complete loss of both EPS-1 and EPS-2 on the cell surface. Plasmid complementation of the epsA gene fully restored EPS production, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Furthermore, this complementation resulted in a twofold increase in the expression levels of this gene, which almost doubled amounts of EPS production in comparison with the wild-type strain. Analysis of EPS by NMR showed an increased ratio of the heteropolysaccharide to homopolysaccharide in the complemented strain and allowed identification of the acetylated residue in EPS-2 as the (1,4)-linked βGlcp unit, with the acetyl group located at O-6. These findings indicate that epsA is a positive regulator of EPS production and that EPS production can be manipulated by altering its expression.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ1
    Optical, structural, morphological and compositional characterization of a Co-doped GaAs semiconducting thin film produced by thermionic vacuum arc

    Şenay, Volkan; Özen, Soner; Pat, Suat; Korkmaz, Şadan

    A 80 nm 2 at% Co-doped GaAs thin film was deposited on a glass substrate under a high vacuum condition by means of the thermionic vacuum arc technique using GaAs and Co pellets as source materials. Tools and techniques such as an optical reflectometer, XRD, UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer, FESEM, EDX, and AFM were employed to investigate some of the physical properties of the produced film. From the optical investigations, the refractive index at 632.8 nm and optical band gap of the film were determined to be 3.60 and 1.42 eV respectively. XRD characterization indicated that the film contained GaAs and Co phases. A uniform surface morphology with fine grain covering the entire surface was observed through the FESEM and AFM studies, while 30 nm grain size and 2.72 nm root mean square roughness were obtained. The EDX analysis also confirmed the presence of Ga, As and Co in the film.

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