Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Dertli, Enes(114)
- Kaya, Yunus(48)
- Şahin, Engin(48)
- İspirli, Hümeyra(47)
- Özen, Soner(38)
- Şenay, Volkan(37)
- Pat, Suat(36)
- Kutlu, Naciye(32)
- Artar, Musa(31)
- Can, Zehra(31)
- Korkmaz, Şadan(31)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(31)
- Öner, Erdal(31)
- Bayram, Sinan(30)
- Cuce, Erdem(30)
- Ertugrul, Mehmet(29)
- Hasar, Ugur Cem(29)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(28)
- Mercan, Emin(28)
- Ayata, Ümit(27)
- Bayraktar, Bülent(27)
- Çolak, Murat(23)
- Özdemir, Akın(23)
- Ayazoglu, Rabil(22)
- Cuce, Pinar Mert(22)
- Sert, Durmuş(22)
- Bayram, Ozkan(21)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(21)
- Dirican, Ebubekir(20)
- Kadakal, Mahir(20)
- Abdioglu, Murat(19)
- Birinci, Ahmet(19)
- Tozlu, Alperen(19)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(18)
- Taylan, Osman(18)
- Cinar, Mehmet(17)
- Gul, Volkan(16)
- Hasar, Ugur C.(16)
- Kadakal, Huriye(16)
- Kara, Yakup(16)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2Two-step numerical procedure for complex permittivity retrieval of dielectric materials from reflection measurements
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Barroso, Joaquim José; Kaya, Yunus; Ertugrul, Mehmet; Bute, Musa; Catalá-Civera, José M.
A two-step measurement procedure has been proposed for measurement of complex permittivity of dielectric materials using one-port reflection measurements. In the procedure, as a first step, a graphical method is applied to analyze on the complex reflection-coefficient plane the general pattern of dielectric behavior of the sample. Then, as a second step, optimization algorithms are utilized for retrieving electrical properties of samples. The procedure requires measurement of complex reflection scattering parameters of at least two samples with different lengths. It has been validated by X-band measurements of three polyvinyl chloride samples with lengths 5, 10, and 20 mm.
AtıfScopus14WoS13OpenAlex15
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ2A comparative study of selected disperse azo dye derivatives based on spectroscopic (FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis) and nonlinear optical behaviors
Cinar, Mehmet; Coruh, Ali; Karabacak, Mehmet
In the present work, a combined experimental and quantum chemical study on ground state equilibrium structure, spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of selected disperse azo dye molecules are reported. The vibrational transitions were identified based on the recorded FT-IR spectra in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 for solid state, simulated IR spectra and total energy distribution (TED) of vibrational modes. The chemical shifts were determined from the results of observed 1H and 13C NMR spectra in chloroform and dimethylsulfoxide solution. The DFT/gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) methodology was applied to predict the magnetic properties. Electronic properties were carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy and TD-DFT/CIS approach. The nonlinear optical (NLO) features were addressed theoretically. A detailed description of spectroscopic and NLO behaviors of studied disperse azo dyes was reported with the help of comparison of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations.
AtıfScopus30WoS29OpenAlex29
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ2Simple procedure for robust and accurate complex permittivity measurements of low-loss materials over a broad frequency band
Hasar, U.C.; Barroso, J.J.; Kaya, Y.; Bute, M.; Ertugrul, M.
In this research paper, we propose a simple procedure for accurate, stable and broadband measurements of complex permittivity of low-loss dielectric samples with considerable lengths. We identify and demonstrate by numerical and analytical analyses the main ill-behaved factor that gives rise to inaccurate peaks for measurements of electrical properties of low-loss samples in the well-known Nicolson-Ross-Weir method. Without using this factor in the expressions and combining better features of the methods available in the literature, the proposed procedure allows highly accurate permittivity measurements over a broad band. We have validated the proposed method by permittivity measurements of a low-loss sample by different methods.
AtıfScopus4WoS4OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2Impact of antibacterial drugs on human serum paraoxonase-1 (hPON1) activity: An in vitro study
Söyüt, Hakan; Kaya, Elif Duygu; Beydemir, Şükrü
Objective: To investigate the in vitro effects of the antibacterial drugs, meropenem trihydrate, piperacillin sodium, and cefoperazone sodium, on the activity of human serum paraoxonase (hPON1). Methods: hPON1 was purified from human serum using simple chromatographic methods, including DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. Results: The three antibacterial drugs decreased in vitro hPON1 activity. Inhibition mechanisms meropenem trihydrate was noncompetitive while piperacillin sodium and cefoperazone sodium were competitive. Conclusions: Our results showed that antibacterial drugs significantly inhibit hPON1 activity, both in vitro, with rank order meropenem trihydrate piperacillin sodium cefoperazone sodium in vitro.
AtıfScopus5OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ2Purification of paraoxonase enzyme from the sera of patients with behcet’s disease and analyzing the effects of the drugs containing imuran (azathioprine), prednisolone (methylprednisolone) and colchium (colchicine)
Demir, Nazan; Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa; Ozkan, Asuman; Tasgin, Esen; Isik, Ceyhun; Demir, Yasar
In this study, serum samples from 50 patients with the diagnosis of Behcet’s disease and 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, paraoxonase (PON) activities were determined in the serum samples of 50 patients with Behcet’s disease and 20 healthy people. In the second part, equal volumes of serum samples from 50 patients were pooled and PON enzymes were purified by using Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine tyrosine-1-naphtylamine affinity column. Optimum temperature, optimum pH, Vmax and Km values of the pure enzymes were determined. The same purification procedure was also performed in the serum samples of 20 healthy people. Electrophoretic mobility was observed (via SDS-PAGE) in the PON enzymes that were purified from the serum samples of patients with Behcet’s disease and healthy people. In the third part, in vitro effects of drugs containing azathioprine, methylprednisolone and colchicine that have already been used for the treatment of Behcet’s disease were tested on the PON enzymes of the patients with Behcet’s disease and control group. IC50 values and Ki constant values were measured and inhibition types were determined for the drugs containing azathioprine, methylprednisolone and colchicine that have already been used for the treatment of the Behcet’s disease and demonstrate in vitro inhibition effects.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ4Existence and uniqueness of solutions of a nonlocal problem involving the p(x)-Laplacian
Avci, M.; Ayazoglu, R.
The object of this paper is to study a nonlocal problem involving the p(x)-Laplacian where nonlinearities f do not necessarily satisfy the classical conditions, such as Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition, but are limited by functions that do satisfy some specific conditions. By using the direct variational approach and the theory of the variable exponent Sobolev spaces, the existence and uniqueness of solutions is obtained.
AtıfScopus1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2Effect of calcium channel blockers on paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and oxidative stress
Türkeş, Cüneyt; Söyüt, Hakan; Beydemir, Şükrü
Background: In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, nitrendipine, isradipine, and amlodipine besylate) on the activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1). Methods: PON1 was purified from human serum using simple chromatographic methods, including DEAE-Sephadex anion-exchange and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. Results: The calcium channel blockers decreased the in vitro PON1 activity. The inhibition mechanism of amlodipine besylate was noncompetitive, whereas nifedipine, nitrendipine, and isradipine were competitive inhibitors. Conclusions: Our results showed that calcium channel blockers exhibit inhibitory effects on PON1 at low concentrations. The IC50 values for nifedipine, nitrendipine, isradipine, and amlodipine besylate were determined to be 0.121 mM, 0.130 mM, 0.255 mM, and 0.304 mM, respectively, and the Ki constants were calculated to be 0.222 ± 0.049 mM, 0.151 ± 0.067 mM, 0.286 ± 0.137 mM, and 0.321 ± 0.002 mM, respectively.
AtıfScopus68WoS67OpenAlex74İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ4Production of pectin lyase from xanthomonas campestris, purification, characterization and fruit juice application
Celik, Safinur Yildirim; Demir, Yasar; Demir, Nazan; Güllüce, Medine
Extracellular pectin lyase (EC 4.2.2.10) was produced by Xanthomonas campestris in solid state fermentation. Solid state fermentation was carried out using 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 5 g wheat bran, 1% citrus pectin and 10 mL salt mixture that composed of 0.14% (NH4)2SO4 0.02% MgCl2 and 0.02% K2HPO4. Pectin lyase enzyme was purified 43 fold by using DEAE-cellulose anion exchange column chromatography and characterized. Molecular weight of the enzyme was determined as 77.5 kDa by using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Purification of enzyme was controlled by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of enzyme was determined as pH 9.0 and 50°C, respectively. Pectin lyase was mostly stable 40°C for 24 hours. KM and Vmax were calculated respectively as 0.69 mg/mL and 3.84 |μmol/L∗min. Purified pectin lyase was inhibited by Fe+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and Hg2+ except for Cu2+ and Mg2+ The purified pectin lyase enzyme was used for getting fruits juices. It was determined that yields of fruits juices improved when it was compared with control.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ2Synthesis and electrochemistry of metallophthalocyanines bearing {4-[(2E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]phenoxy} groups
Acar, Irfan; Arslan, Tayfun; Topçu, Saim; Aktaş, Ayşe; Şen, Serkan; Serencam, Hüseyin
In this study, metallophthalocyanines 4, 5, 6 was carried out by the cyclotetramerization of 4-{3-[(2E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl] phenoxy}phthalonitrile 3. The synthesis of metallo derivatives [Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II)] of phthalocyanines obtained from corresponding phthalonitrile derivative and in the presence of the anhydrous divalent metal salts (Zn(CH 3COO)2, CoCl2 and CuCl2) was described. These phthalocyanines showed good solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, DMSO and DMF. The newly synthesized Pcs were verified by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. The electrochemical properties of the zinc(II), copper(II) and cobalt(II) phthalocyanines were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. The cobalt complex showed a metal based reduction process, while zinc phthalocyanines were giving ligand based electron transfer processes.
AtıfScopus10WoS9OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ1Attractive method for thickness-independent permittivity measurements of solid dielectric materials
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Barroso, Joaquim José; Bute, Musa; Kaya, Yunus; Kocadagistan, Mustafa Engin; Ertugrul, Mehmet
We propose a non-resonant-type method for reference-plane invariant and thickness-independent permittivity measurement of solid dielectric materials when there is no information from permittivity. To achieve this, we derive a branch-index-independent function and verify that it determines the sample thickness and permittivity without resorting to finding the correct branch index value for three different measurement scenarios: (a) measurements at closely separated frequencies of non-dispersive samples, (b) measurements at largely separated frequencies of non-dispersive samples, and (c) measurements at largely separated frequencies of dispersive samples. Via a differential uncertainty analysis, the effect of inaccurate sample thickness on permittivity determination is also presented for demonstration of the improvement achieved by our method. For validation, we measured the permittivity of an approximately 20 mm PTFE sample using the presented method and compared its result with those from other similar methods. From the comparison, we note that the accuracy of tested methods from literature drastically decreases when accurate information of sample thickness is not known (in addition to a further decrease in accuracy when correct transformation factors from reference-planes are not known a priori), while the accuracy of our method is not influenced.
AtıfScopus25WoS22OpenAlex25İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ3Antioxidant enzyme inhibitor role of phosphine metal complexes in lung and leukemia cell lines
Saygideʇer Demir, Burcu; Keleş, Tuʇba; Serindaʇ, Osman
Phosphine metal complexes have been recently evaluated in the field of cancer therapy. In this research, the cytotoxic effects of some metal phosphines { [PdCl2((CH2OH)CH2)CH3] (C1), [RuCl2(((CH2OH)CH2)CH3) (C2), [PtCl2((Ph2PCH2)CH3)(timin) (C3) } on K562 (human myelogenous leukemia cell line) and A549 (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells) cells were investigated using the MTT test. C1 and C2 are water-soluble metal complexes, which may have some advantages in in vitro and in vivo studies. The effects of the above-mentioned metal complexes on thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) (EC: 1.8.1.9), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC: 1.11.1.9), and catalase (Cat) (EC: 1.11.1.6) enzymes were also tested. The results of this research showed that all three metal complexes indicated dose-dependent cytotoxicity on A549 and K562 cell lines and that the complexes inhibited different percentages of the TrxR, GPx, and Cat enzymes of these tumor cells.
AtıfScopus7WoS6OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ2Effects of initial cooling conditions and measurement heights on the levitation performance of bulk MgB2 superconductor at different measurement temperatures
Erdem, O.; Ozturk, K.; Guner, S.B.; Celik, S.; Yanmaz, E.
The levitation properties of MgB2 prepared by hot press at 200 ° C and then pellet/closed tube method has been investigated. The vertical and lateral levitation forces (Fz and Fx) on a cylindrical NdFeB permanent magnet (PM) below a disk-shaped bulk MgB2 were measured during the vertical and lateral traverses of the PM in different cooling heights (CHs) and measurement heights (MHs) at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 K to investigate the effect of the initial CH and MH on the levitation performance of MgB2. For temperatures below 30 K, it was observed that Fz increases with increasing CH. However, a minute variation in Fz and a big hysteresis loop are observed at 30 K. From the lateral traverses, it was obtained that the Fz with attractive character increases with decreasing MH and the hysteresis effect increases for small MHs due to the increment of the magnetic field intensity which the sample feels with decreasing MH. In addition, it was seen that the character of Fx varies depending on both MH and measurement temperature. The higher hysteresis obtained in Fx than in Fz during lateral traverses implies that the motion of the flux lines in MgB2 is especially in lateral rather than vertical direction. Finally in this study, it was shown that the levitation performance of MgB2 depends not only on the measurement temperature but also on the CH and MH conditions. These results can be useful for optimizing the levitation performance of MgB2 superconductors for potential applications.
AtıfScopus20WoS21OpenAlex21İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ3Developing an Active Citizenship Scale for the Fourth Grade Primary School Students
Kansu, Ceren Çevik; Öksüz, Yücel
The purpose of the present paper is to develop a scale for assessing behaviours towards active citizenship for 4th grade primary school students. The proposal scale, composed of 42 items, was applied to 544 students who are studying at 4th grade of primary schools in the centre of Bayburt. The principal component analysis rotated by varimax rotation was used to obtain evidence for validity of the scale. As a result of this analysis, it has been determined that the scale consists of 25 items and it has a structure composed of four factors. Evidence for validity of the item, item test correlation of the scale and item analysis of the mean differences between upper and lower groups were calculated. It was observed that item test correlation of the scale changed between 0.42-0.74. Besides, Cr α reliabilities were calculated and it was found to be 0.85.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ2Comparison and analyzing of propagation models with respect to material, environmental and wave properties
Tabakcioglu, M.B.; Ayberkin, D.; Cansiz, A.
This paper presents a study on a class of algorithms based on Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) for multiple diffractions. Within this context Slope UTD with Convex Hull (S-UTD-CH) model based on Slope UTD and Fresnel zone concept was reviewed. S-UTD-CH model can be used for fast and more accurate field prediction for multiple diffractions in transition zone. An extensive simulation results for comparison of UTD based algorithms with respect to the computation time and accuracy was provided. Furthermore, the study shows how relative permittivity constant, conductivity and inner angle of wedge and polarization type affect the relative path loss.
AtıfScopus6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, UV and quantum chemical studies on monomeric and dimeric conformations of 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzoic acid
Karabacak, Mehmet; Sinha, Leena; Prasad, Onkar; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Cinar, Mehmet; Shukla, Vikas K.
Extensive spectroscopic investigations along with theoretical quantum chemical studies on 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzoic acid (DMMBA) have been consummated. The fundamental vibrational transitions were addressed by experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm-1) and FT-Raman (4000-10 cm -1) techniques and density functional calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(df,pd) levels of theory. The 1H, 13C and DEPT 135 NMR spectra of studied compound were recorded in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6), and compared with computed data obtained by using gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The electronic absorption spectra in methanol and ethanol solution were evaluated in the range of 200-400 nm, and TD-DFT method was chosen for computational study. The spectroscopic and theoretical results were compared to the corresponding properties for monomer and dimer structures for the most stable conformer. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Moreover, the thermodynamic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were evaluated.
AtıfScopus34WoS34İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ1Power analysis of multilayer structures composed of conventional materials and bi-anisotropic metamaterial slabs
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Bute, Musa; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Sabah, Cumali; Kaya, Yunus; Ertugrul, Mehmet
In this paper, we analyze wave propagation properties (transmitted, reflected, and absorbed powers) of composite multilayer structures consisting of bi-anisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs and conventional isotropic materials. We also separately investigate the propagation properties of bi-anisotropicMMslabs and conventional materials to better interpret the results. We consider two different bi-anisotropic MM slab structures composed of only splitring- resonators (SRRs) and composing SRRs and a rod. In the analysis, we apply the well-known transfer matrix method to obtain transmitted, reflected, and absorbed powers of the composite structures. From the analysis, we note the following three important results. First, while the transmitted powers from forward and backward directions of the multilayer structure are identical (reciprocal feature), reflected (and absorbed) powers from forward and backward directions of the multilayer structure are different. This difference arises from reflection asymmetric nature of the bi-anisotropic MM slabs. Second, whereas the conventional material loss influences propagation characteristics aside resonance frequencies of bi-anisotropic MM slabs, bi-anisotropic MM loss worsens propagation properties of the multilayer structure at resonance frequencies of these slabs. Third, variations in (or determination of) electromagnetic properties of low-loss thin conventional materials in between two bi-anisotropic MM slabs can be realized at frequencies in which conventional materials demonstrate thickness-resonance effect.
AtıfScopus11WoS11OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2Continuous contact problem for two elastic layers resting on an elastic half-infinite plane
Öner, Erdal; Birinci, Ahmet
The continuous contact problem for two elastic layers resting on an elastic half-infinite plane and loaded by means of a rigid stamp is presented. The elastic layers have different heights and elastic constants. An external load is applied to the upper elastic layer by means of a rigid stamp. The problem is solved under the assumptions that all surfaces are frictionless, body forces of elastic layers are taken into account, and only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the interfaces. General expressions of stresses and displacements are obtained by using the fundamental equations of the theory of elasticity and the integral transform technique. Substituting the stress and the displacement expressions into the boundary conditions, the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation, in which the function of contact stresses under the rigid stamp is unknown. The integral equation is solved numerically by making use of the appropriate Gauss-Chebyshev integration formula for circular and rectangular stamp profiles. The contact stresses under the rigid stamp, contact areas, initial separation loads, and initial separation distances between the two elastic layers and the lower-layer elastic half-infinite plane are obtained numerically for various dimensionless quantities and shown in graphics and tables.
AtıfScopus24WoS25OpenAlex26İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2The spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV and NMR) first order hyperpolarizability and HOMO-LUMO analysis of dansyl chloride
Karabacak, M.; Cinar, M.; Kurt, M.; Poiyamozhi, A.; Sundaraganesan, N.
The solid phase FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of dansyl chloride (DC) have been recorded in the regions 400-4000 and 50-4000 cm-1, respectively. The spectra have been interpreted in terms of fundamentals modes, combination and overtone bands. The structure of the molecule has been optimized and the structural characteristics have been determined by density functional theory (B3LYP) method with 6-311++G(d,p) as basis set. The vibrational frequencies were calculated for most stable conformer and were compared with the experimental frequencies, which yield good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. The infrared and Raman spectra have also been predicted from the calculated intensities. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. UV-Visible spectrum of the compound was recorded in the region 200-600 nm and the electronic properties HOMO and LUMO energies were measured by time-dependent TD-DFT approach. Nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties were interpreted. All the calculated results were compared with the available experimental data of the title molecule.
AtıfScopus23WoS22OpenAlex29İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ1Simultaneous separation and preconcentration of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions by coprecipitation without any carrier element in some food and water samples
Duran, Celal; Tumay, Sureyya O.; Ozdes, Duygu; Serencam, Huseyin; Bektas, Hakan
A simple and highly sensitive separation and preconcentration procedure, which has minimal impact on the environment, has been developed. The procedure is based on the carrier element-free coprecipitation of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions by using 2-{4-[2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}-N′-(pyrrol-2-ylmethyliden)acetohydrazide (ICOTPA), as an organic coprecipitant. The levels of analyte ions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limits for Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions were found to be 0.27 and 0.58 μg L-1, respectively, and the relative standard deviations for the analyte ions were lower than 4.0%. Spike tests and certified reference material analyses were performed to validate the method. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions levels in sea and stream water as liquid samples and red lentil and rice as solid samples.
AtıfScopus26WoS23OpenAlex26İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ4Fatty acid profile and quality specifications of chocolate spreads
Kara, Hasan Hüseyin; Çaǧlar, Abdullah; Mercan, Emin; Gök, Gökçen; Taşbaş, Sultan; Arslan, Merve
This study examined the characteristics of 13 samples from 10 different brands of chocolate spread that are sold in markets in Turkey. Humidity level, oil content, pH value, color values (L*, a*, b*), were determined, chocolate fat samples were tested for free fat acidity rate, peroxide value, iodine value and fat acids composition. The samples composed of 14 different fatty acids. Dominant fatty acids were palmitic acid (9.82-27.19 %), oleic acid (26.27-56.05 %) and linoleic acid (10.87-52.40 %). It was observed that saturated fatty acids (SFA) of the samples ranged between 17.01 and 32.03 %, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) ranged between 19.74 and 57.00 % and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ranged between 11.01 and 52.51 %. The analyses showed that contents of the samples complied with legal limits. The types of fatty acids used were determined to be remarkable due to their fatty acids composition.
AtıfScopus5WoS6İncele