Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Yazarlar

  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ2
    GaN thin film deposition on glass and PET substrates by thermionic vacuum arc (TVA)

    Pat, Suat; Korkmaz, Şadan; Özen, Soner; Şenay, Volkan

    In this paper, GaN thin film production was realized by thermionic vacuum arc (TVA), a plasma deposition technique, for the first time. We present a new deposition mechanism for GaN thin films with a very short production time. Microstructure properties of samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry. The peak at 2θ = 72.88° corresponding to GaN (0004) was detected in XRD spectra. The surface morphology of the deposited GaN films was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The surface properties of the produced samples are quite different. The average roughness values were determined to be 0.48 nm for GaN/PET and 1.17 nm for GaN/glass. The optical properties (i.e., refractive index and reflection) were determined using an interferometer. Moreover, the obtained optical data were compared with bulk GaN materials. The refractive indexes were measured as 2.2, 3,0 and 2,5 for the GaN/glass, GaN/PET and bulk GaN, respectively. The transparencies of the different GaN-coated substrates are nearly the same. The obtained band gap values were measured in the energy range of 3.3-3.5 eV. TVA is a novel non-reactive plasma technique for the generation of metal organic thin films. The main advantage of this method is its fast deposition rate without any loss in the quality of the films.

    AtıfScopus32WoS31OpenAlex34
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Optimum design of steel space frames with composite beams using genetic algorithm

    Artar, Musa; Daloʇlu, Ayşe T.

    This paper presents an optimization process using Genetic Algorithm (GA) for minimum weight by selecting suitable standard sections from a specified list taken from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The stress constraints obeying AISC-LRFD (American Institute of Steel Construction - Load and Resistance Factor Design), lateral displacement constraints being the top and inter-storey drift, mid-span deflection constraints for the beams and geometric constraints are considered for optimum design by using GA that mimics biological processes. Optimum designs for three different space frames taken from the literature are carried out first without considering concrete slab effects in finite element analyses for the constraints above and the results are compared with the ones available in literature. The same optimization procedures are then repeated for the case of space frames with composite (steel and concrete) beams. A program is coded in MATLAB for the optimization processes. Results obtained in the study showed that consideration of the contribution of the concrete on the behavior of the floor beams results with less steel weight and ends up with more economical designs.

    AtıfScopus18
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Circassian cheese by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

    Gul, Osman; Dervisoglu, Muhammet; Mortas, Mustafa; Aydemir, Oguz; Ilhan, Eda; Aksehir, Kubra

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in traditional/industrial smoked and unsmoked Circassian cheeses available in Turkish markets were analysed using solid-phase extraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Mean levels of a total of 9 PAHs in smoked traditional and industrial Circassian cheeses were 19.6 and 6.73μgkg-1, while levels in unsmoked traditional and industrial cheeses were 0.77 and 0.49μgkg-1, respectively. The dominant individual PAHs found were naphthalene and acenaphthene. Benzo[a]pyrene, a marker compound representing carcinogenic PAHs, was found in 90% and 30% of traditional smoked and unsmoked Circassian cheeses, 52% and 24% of industrial smoked and unsmoked cheeses, respectively. Correlation statistical analysis showed that benzo[a]pyrene was a good marker for total 9 PAHs in Circassian cheese samples (rB[a]P/sum of 9 PAHs=0.816, p<0.01) as well as the best marker for 5 carcinogenic PAHs (rB[a]P/carcinogenic PAHs=0.904, p<0.01). Risk assessment conducted using daily intakes of sum of 9 PAH levels found in both traditional and industrial smoked Circassian cheese samples showed high risk compared with unsmoked cheeses.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfScopus22WoS21OpenAlex20
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Impact of exopolysaccharide production on functional properties of some Lactobacillus salivarius strains

    Mercan, Emin; İspirli, Hümeyra; Sert, Durmuş; Yılmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Dertli, Enes

    The aim of this work was to characterize functional properties of Lactobacillus salivarius strains isolated from chicken feces. Detection of genes responsible for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production revealed that all strains harbored a dextransucrase gene, but p-gtf gene was only detected in strain E4. Analysis of EPS production levels showed significant alterations among strains tested. Biofilm formation was found to be medium composition dependant, and there was a negative correlation with biofilm formation and EPS production. Autoaggregation properties and coaggregation of L. salivarius strains with chicken pathogens were appeared to be specific at strain level. An increment in bacterial adhesion to chicken gut explants was observed in L. salivarius strains with the reduction in EPS production levels. This study showed that strain-specific properties can determine the functional properties of L. salivarius strains, and the interference of these properties might be crucial for final selection of these strains for technological purposes.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfScopus19WoS16OpenAlex21
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Determination of Reference-Plane Invariant, Thickness-Independent, and Broadband Constitutive Parameters of Thin Materials

    Hasar, Ugur C.; Kaya, Yunus; Barroso, Joaquim José; Ertugrul, Mehmet

    We propose an effective microwave method for reference-plane-invariant and thickness-independent constitutive parameters measurement of thin materials. A function depending only on the interface reflection coefficient to facilitate fast computations of constitutive parameters is derived. In addition to the extraction of sample thickness, the method can also be applied to unique retrieval of constitutive parameters whose electromagnetic properties are yet unknown. We have performed an uncertainty analysis to examine how the accuracy of the method can be improved. Finally, we have compared the proposed method with other similar methods in the literature using measurements of distilled water and a thinner Plexiglas sample (1 mm). From the comparison, we note that the accuracy of our proposed method is not affected by any inaccurate knowledge of reference-plane positions and the sample length (or both) while those of compared methods are seriously decreased.

    AtıfScopus53WoS52OpenAlex52
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3
    The effect of self-construal on statue and role-relaxed consumption

    Başar, Enes Emre; Erciş, Aysel

    Consumer behavior researches indicate that individuals prefer the products which are compatible with themselves. For instance, individuals with highly independent-self take into account the functional benefits whereas individuals with highly interdependent-self take into account the symbolic benefits on their product preferences. Related studies in literature show that there are two different consumption patterns, which are called statue and role-relaxed consumptions, those take the lead on explaining consumers’ brand or product preferences. Statue consumption concentrates on symbolic meanings of the products, whereas role-relaxed consumption focuses on the functional benefits. This research examines the effects of self-construal on statue and role-relaxed consumption patterns with reference to the close relationships of independent self and interdependent self with role-relaxed consumption and statue consumption, respectively. The results indicate that self-construal has significant effects on statue and role-relaxed consumption.

    AtıfOpenAlex2
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Investigation on the morphology and surface free energy of the AlGaN thin film

    Özen, Soner; Şenay, Volkan; Pat, Suat; Korkmaz, Şadan

    The purpose of this paper is to analyze surface properties of AlGaN thin film produced using thermionic vacuum arc technique. Thermionic vacuum arc is an alternative deposition technique for GaN thin films that produces in a very short production time for GaN-based solid-state applications. XRD results showed that AlGaN thin film with cubic crystal structure on a amorphous glass was grown. Conductivity type of AlGaN thin film is determined as p-type by hot-probe method which is a very simple method. The surface morphology was analyzed and discussed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy. The contact angles in four different testing liquid and surface free energy of the AlGaN thin film were investigated by optical tensiometer.

    AtıfScopus27WoS27OpenAlex28
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Simultaneous separation and preconcentration of Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions in environmental samples by carrier element-free coprecipitation method prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination

    Duran, Celal; Ozdes, Duygu; Akcay, Hakki Turker; Serencam, Huseyin; Tufekci, Mehmet

    ABSTRACT: In the present study, Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions were separated and preconcentrated via carrier element-free coprecipitation (CEFC) method by using an organic coprecipitating agent, 1,2-bis-(2-tosyl ethoxy) benzene (BTEB), prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) detections. The experimental conditions were optimized in terms of pH of the aqueous solution, BTEB amount, standing time, centrifugation rate and time, and sample volume. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the detection limits for Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions were found to be 0.13, 0.67, and 0.46 μg L−1, respectively, and the relative standard deviations for the analyte ions were found to be lower than 4.0%. The accuracy of the method was tested by analyzing certified reference material and spike tests. The method was applied to determine the levels of Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions in sea and stream water, macaroni, red lentil, and cracked wheat samples.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    AtıfScopus17WoS16OpenAlex16
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Effect of onboard PM position on the magnetic force and stiffness performance of multi-seeded YBCO

    Ozturk, K.; Kabaer, M.; Abdioglu, M.

    Abstract In implemented studies before, although some advancements have been achieved in improving on the levitation or guidance force efficiency of YBCOs separately, both of these forces could not been enhanced simultaneously. In our study, we investigated levitation, guidance force and magnetic stiffness properties of multi-seeded YBCO bulk depending on different position of onboard PM in different CHs above a Halbach PMG to obtain larger vertical load capability, stability and relating stiffness values at the same time. The levitation, guidance force and relating stiffness measurements were carried out between multi-seeded YBCO and Halbach PMG depending on the onboard PM positions and cooling heights after the magnetic flux distributions modelling of Halbach PMG with onboard PMs. In this paper, it has clearly seen that the levitation force and the vertical magnetic stiffness values increase in optimal onboard PM position, with negligible lose in guidance force and lateral magnetic stiffness values. It is inferred from this study that reasonable position of the onboard PM according to PMG, the cooling conditions and compatibility of YBCO-PMG arrangement in point of magnetic flux distribution are key parameters for efficiency of the load, guidance force and relating magnetic stiffness of Maglev systems. The results obtained in this study have a potential on improvement of HTS Maglev system electromagnetic force capability.

    AtıfScopus19WoS18OpenAlex19
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Positive periodic solutions of nonlinear differential equations system with nonstandard growth

    Ayazoglu Mashiyev, Rabil; Avci, Mustafa

    In this work, we study the existence of positive periodic solutions for a p(t)-Laplacian system.

    AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex2
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Optimum design of steel frames with semi-rigid connections and composite beams

    Artar, Musa; Daloʇlu, Ayşe T.

    In this paper, an optimization process using Genetic Algorithm (GA) that mimics biological processes is presented for optimum design of planar frames with semi-rigid connections by selecting suitable standard sections from a specified list taken from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The stress constraints as indicated in AISC-LRFD (American Institute of Steel Construction - Load and Resistance Factor Design), maximum lateral displacement constraints and geometric constraints are considered for optimum design. Two different planar frames with semi-rigid connections taken from the literature are carried out first without considering concrete slab effects in finite element analyses and the results are compared with the ones available in literature. The same optimization procedures are then repeated for full and semi rigid planar frames with composite (steel and concrete) beams. A program is developed in MATLAB for all optimization procedures. Results obtained from this study proved that consideration of the contribution of the concrete on the behavior of the floor beams provides lighter planar frames.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    AtıfScopus16WoS16OpenAlex9
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Some physical properties of the SiGe thin film coatings by thermionic vacuum arc (TVA)

    Özen, Soner; Pat, Suat; Şenay, Volkan; Korkmaz, Şadan; Geçici, Birol

    SiGe thin films were deposited on glass and PET substrate by the thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method for the first time. TVA is an anodic plasma generator which works in high vacuum conditions. Highly pure and quality films can be deposited on different substrates by means of this method. In order to characterize the produced films, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), optical tensiometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) devices were used. The obtained XRD peaks at 47° and 75° are described to the reflections of (220) and (331) planes of Ge or Si. According to the measurement results, substrates materials are affect the surface and optical properties of the deposited SiGe layers. SiGe coated samples with low optical band gaps exhibit low transparency and high absorption. The structures are homogenous and less rough.

    AtıfScopus15WoS16OpenAlex14
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Optimum design of composite steel frames with semi-rigid connections and column bases via genetic algorithm

    Artar, Musa; Daloʇlu, Ayşe T.

    A genetic algorithm-based minimum weight design method is presented for steel frames containing composite beams, semi-rigid connections and column bases. Genetic Algorithms carry out optimum steel frames by selecting suitable profile sections from a specified list including 128 W sections taken from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The displacement and stress constraints obeying AISC Allowable Stress Design (ASD) specification and geometric (size) constraints are incorporated in the optimization process. Optimum designs of three different plane frames with semi-rigid beam-to-column and column-to-base plate connections are carried out first without considering concrete slab effects on floor beams in finite element analyses. The same optimization procedures are then repeated for the case of frames with composite beams. A program is coded in MATLAB for all optimization procedures. Results obtained from the examples show the applicability and robustness of the method. Moreover, it is proved that consideration of the contribution of concrete on the behavior of the floor beams enables a lighter and more economical design for steel frames with semi-rigid connections and column bases.

    AtıfScopus26WoS25OpenAlex21
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Characterization of functional properties of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human gut

    İspirli, Humeyra; Demirbaş, Fatmanur; Dertli, Enes

    The aim of this work was to characterize the functional properties of Enterococcus faecium strains identified after isolation from human faeces. Of these isolates, strain R13 showed the best resistance to low pH, bile salts, and survival in the simulated in vitro digestion assay, and demonstrated an important level of adhesion to hexadecane as a potential probiotic candidate. Analysis of the antibiotic resistance of E. faecium strains indicated that in general these isolates were sensitive to the tested antibiotics and no strain appeared to be resistant to vancomycin. Examination of the virulence determinants for E. faecium strains demonstrated that all strains contained the virulence genes common in gut-and food-originated enterococci, and strain R13 harboured the lowest number of virulence genes. Additionally, no strain contained the genes related to cytolysin metabolism and showed hemolytic activity. The antimicrobial role of E. faecium strains was tested against several pathogens, in which different levels of inhibitory effects were observed, and strain R13 was inhibitory to all tested pathogens. PCR screening of genes encoding enterocin A and B indicated the presence of these genes in E. faecium strains. Preliminary characterization of bacteriocins revealed that their activity was lost after proteolytic enzyme treatments, but no alteration in antimicrobial activity was observed at different pHs (3.5 to 9.5) and after heat treatments. In conclusion, this study revealed the functional characteristics of E. faecium R13 as a gut isolate, and this strain could be developed as a new probiotic after further tests.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfScopus41WoS37OpenAlex42
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Measuring attention in second language reading using Eye-tracking: The case of the noticing hypothesis

    Dolgunsöz, Emrah

    Taking Schmidt's (1990) noticing hypothesis as point of departure this study aims to measure attention and learning gains during second language (L2) reading by making use of eye-tracking methodology. Relying on Robinson's hierarchical memory model (1995, 2003), it is hypothesized that vocabulary learning and attention are closely associated. After a vocabulary pre-test, seventy-five learners of English read a standard text individually while their eye movements were being recorded followed by an immediate post-test. The results revealed that learners spent more time on unknown words than they did on familiar ones. Attention and learning gains also positively correlated; fixation values on an unknown word increased its further recognition probability in post-test. Finally, the findings revealed a cut-offpoint of approximately 450ms as an activation threshold for noticing. Eye-tracking as a technique to measure attention in second language acquisition (SLA) was also discussed.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
    AtıfScopus15OpenAlex22
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Experimental study to remediate acid fuchsin dye using laccase-modified zeolite from aqueous solutions

    Kalkan, Ekrem; Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa; Celebi, Neslihan; Celik, Hulya; Tasgin, Esen

    This paper studies, the removal of acid fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions using zeolite natural material after its modification with laccase from Russulaceae (Lactarius volemus). Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage. The optimum results were obtained at pH 5, contact time of 60 min, temperature of 60ºC, and an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 mg/mL. The isotherm studies show that the adsorption experimental data are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacity found is 31 mg/g. The kinetics of AFD adsorption on LMZ is best described with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. Thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes indicate that the adsorption of Acid Fuchsin dye onto laccase-modified zeolite is feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic. The results show that laccase-modified zeolite can be used as an alternative lowcost adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfScopus33WoS27OpenAlex29
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Spectral features, electric properties, NBO analysis and reactivity descriptors of 2-(2-Benzothiazolylthio)-Ethanol: Combined experimental and DFT studies

    Srivastava, Ruchi; Sinha, L.; Karabacak, M.; Prasad, O.; Pathak, S.K.; Asiri, A.M.; Cinar, M.

    (Chemical Equation Presented). Quantum chemical calculations of ground state energy, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers, nuclear magnetic behaviors, electronic absorption spectra along with the nonlinear optical properties of 2-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-ethanol (BTZTE) were carried out using density functional (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-311++G(d,p) as basis set. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were measuredinthe condensed state. The fundamental vibrational wavenumbers as well as their intensities were calculated, and a good correlation between experimental and scaled calculated wavenumbers was accomplished. The electric dipole moment, polarizability and the first hyperpolarizability values of the BTZTE were calculated at the same level of theory and basis set. The results show that the BTZTE molecule possesses nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization was analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. UV spectrum of the studied molecule was recorded in the region 200-500 nm and the electronic properties were predicted by time-dependent DFT approach. The calculated transition energies are in good concurrency with the experimental data. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the title molecule were calculated by the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental results. The thermodynamic properties of the studied compound at different temperatures were calculated. Global and local reactivity descriptors were computed to predict reactivity and reactive sites on the molecule.

    AtıfScopus23WoS28OpenAlex28
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Experimental and numerical investigation of a novel energy-efficient vacuum glazing technology for low-carbon buildings

    Cuce, Erdem

    In this study, a recently developed innovative window technology called vacuum tube window is introduced, and its performance assessment is presented through an experimental and numerical research. The novel design of vacuum tube window consists of evacuated tubes surrounded by Argon as inert gas to eliminate conductive and convective effects inside the window and thus to produce a building element with remarkably low overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value). Heat transfer inside the window was modelled via a reliable commercial computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS FLUENT. The accuracy of simulations was verified by environmental chamber tests. For the vacuum tube diameter of 28 mm, an excellent agreement between experimental and numerical data was achieved. For different values of design parameters such as pane thickness, tube thickness, tube diameter and Argon gap, total heat loss and U-value of the vacuum tube window and optimum data were evaluated. Optimum tube diameter was found to be 60 mm in terms of thermal performance characteristics, cost, lightness and aesthetic issues. It is concluded that the vacuum tube window is able to provide a U-value lower than 0.40 W/m2K, which is very promising for both retrofitting of existing buildings and new-build applications.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    • SDG 11 · Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Topluluklar
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
    AtıfScopus16WoS11OpenAlex18
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ1
    Thermal loop test to determine structural changes and thermal stability of creamed honey: Rheological characterization

    Karasu, Salih; Toker, Omer Said; Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Karaman, Safa; Dertli, Enes

    This study was the first attempt to understand if thermal stability of any food product during storage could be determined. In this respect, a novel method, namely, the thermal loop test was used to determine structural changes and thermal stability of creamed honey in this study. The novelty of this method was that thermal stability of a product is tested within a number of thermal cycles over a determined range of temperature. Creamed honey was characterized in terms of physicochemical, thermomechanical and rheological properties. It showed non-Newtonian thixotropic behavior at all temperature levels (10, 25 and 40 °C). Time-dependent flow behavior was successfully defined by Weltman and second order structural models. Hysteresis loop area depended on temperature and decreased with increase in temperature. Creamed honey had liquid-like structure, showing that it had more pronounced viscous nature than elastic nature (G″ > G′). Temperature sweep tests were conducted to determine temperature dependency of η50, G′ and G″ values using Arrhenius equation. These test results confirmed the thermal stability test results, revealing that thermal loop test can be an accurate method to determine thermal stability of similar food products, as a new information. Relative structural index value (Δ) increased with number of thermal loop, suggesting that creamed honey had low thermal stability and showed a great structural change by the thermal stress applied between 5 °C and 50 °C. These results suggest that crystallized honey be abstained from large temperature fluctuations to avoid from irreversible changes in rheological characters; thus, to maintain spreadability.

    AtıfScopus45WoS43OpenAlex47
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Decontamination of Escherichia coliO157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus from Fresh-Cut Parsley with Natural Plant Hydrosols

    Törnük, Fatih; Dertli, Enes

    The inhibitory effects of sage, rosemary, oregano and thyme hydrosols were evaluated against Escherichia coliO157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated on parsley at high and low concentrations. Following the pathogen inoculations, parsley samples were washed with the hydrosols and sterile tap water as a control for 0, 20, 40 and 60min, and reductions on pathogen counts were determined. Sterile tap water was ineffective on all conditions tested. After 20min of application, oregano and thyme hydrosols were able to significantly (P<0.05) reduce E.coliO157:H7 counts on low inoculum level, while all hydrosols showed significant reductions (P<0.05) on high inoculum levels at this period. Additional reductions on E.coliO157:H7 counts were observed with the increasing time. S.aureus was more sensitive to hydrosol treatments, and oregano hydrosol was able to completely eliminate S.aureus after 40min. In conclusion, decontamination of foodborne pathogens from fresh-cut vegetables can be achieved by hydrosol treatments.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    AtıfScopus14WoS11OpenAlex16
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