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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    THE COMPARISON OF ALEVI RELIGION CURRICULUM AND ISLAM RELIGION CURRICULUM IN GERMANY (NRV)

    Sözen, Hasan

    This study is carried out to compare and to reveal the similarities and differences between Religious Education Curriculum for Alevies (Grades 14) and the Islamic Religious Education Curriculum (Grades 1-4), which are being implemented in the North Rhine-Westphalia State of Germany. Accordingly, the basic approach, purpose, content, measurement and evaluation situations on which both programs are based are examined and evaluated based on the data obtained. The main problem of the study is The comparison of Alevi and Islamic religion course teaching programs implemented in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In the study, qualitative research methods and document analysis are used, and the teaching programs in question are examined in terms of the approach over curriculum, the structure and content of the teaching programs, objectives and overall attainment, as well as evaluational dimensions of the course. The data obtained as a result of the analysis are grouped according to the criteria of similarity and difference, and the differences between the curriculums are interpreted based on the results obtained. During the analysis process, both teaching programs are examined closely and the necessary encodings are made. No categories have been previously defined for coding, except for problems and sub-problems. The documents examined in the study are the Alevi religion course curriculum published in 2013 by the Ministry of Education of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, (1-4 Classes) and an Islamic religion course curriculum published by the same ministry in 2014 (1-4. Classes). The main reason for the preference of North Rhine-Westphalia state teaching programs in the study is that the province in question has the most crowded Muslim student population in Germany. The study is the first in terms of comparing the basic approach, goals, course subjects, measurement and evaluation dimensions on which both curriculum are based, and revealing similarities and differences between them. It is believed that the research will make a significant contribution to program development in religious education and training in this aspect and offer a different perspective. As a result of the study, it is determined that the Alevi and Islamic religious education curriculum are similar with the approaches, objectives, structural features and measurement and evaluational dimensions. Both teaching programs are based on the approach of faith-centered/confessional, interfaith-oriented religious teaching and the approach of correlation didactics. Alevi and Islamic religious education course curricula focus on project and research-based activities of students, their performance, cooperation and active participation. It has been observed that all necessary precautions have been taken for students to be active in the educational process, to share their experience, and to learn by doing and experiencing. It is accordingly, concluded that both curriculum have been prepared with a student-centred and constructivist understanding. When the main objectives of the curriculum are examined, it is seen that they focus on the development of religious identity of individuals and have similar measurement and evaluation approaches. It has been observed that students use religious references in regulating their own lives, attitudes and behaviours, and use the guidance of religious knowledge and tradition. There are both significant differences in sections of the curriculums and the patterns of the units according to class levels among the curriculum. It is determined that religious education curriculum for Alevies curriculum has a wider and more detailed subject content than the Islamic religious Education Curriculum. Content in both curriculum is based on the principles of faith, culture and tradition in general. However, many topics in the Islamic religion course curriculum (basic principles of faith, revelation-communique, Islamic Society/Ummah, etc.) is not included in the curriculum of Alevi Religion course. Similarly, many topics related to Alevi culture and tradition are not located in the Islamic religion course curriculum. In addition, these topics such as Musahiplik, Cemevi, Twelve Imams, are observed that have not included in the Islamic religion course program, while the topics are reserved in Alevi teaching program. In the Islamic Religious program, the relationship between the mosque, the church and the synagogue, similarities and obvious differences are addressed, while no information about the Cemevi is given. In both teaching programs, although common subjects such as Allah, Hz. Muhammad, Ehl-i Beyt ( family of Hz. Muhammad), places of worship, religious days and nights, other religions, holy books, etc. are concluded, they have subjects, contents, understandings and approaches distinctly. The religious days and nights (The Feast of Nowruz, the month of Muharram and the Ashura fast, the day of Ashura) mentioned in the Alevi religion course are considered with reference to the Islamic religion, while the religious days and nights included in the Islamic religion course curriculum are not associated with Alevism. In the Islamic religion course curriculum, the main sources of the Islamic religion are used, in other words, the Koran and Sunnah are utilized, on the other hand, in the course of Alavi religion, the main sources formed around Alevi culture and tradition (Buyruk, Nehcu'l Belaga, Velayetname, Makalat, etc.) are investigated. In the Islamic religion course curriculum, students are expected to know the basic principles of faith, understand religious forms and phenomena, and adapt them to life, as in the Alevi religion course curriculum. It is aimed that they benefit from their existing knowledge and skills in regulating their social relations and run to work in developing a culture of coexistence. In this aspect, it can be said that both curriculum have similar objectives. But this does not mean that the curriculum is the same in terms of content and understanding. Although Alevi and Islamic religion course curriculum are different from each other at some points, it can be mentioned there is a structural similarity ( based approach, measurement and evaluation dimension, etc.) But focusing the way content and content which are understood and reflected, it is also seen that there are significant differences between them. This situation (with the religion of Islam) means for Alevi which tends towards the same prophet, the same book and the same sacred; yet beyond having different interpretations and understandings about deeds and creed, can also be regarded as an effort to present Islam as a different religion. However, the values that stand out in both programs and teachings, as well as the knowledge, cultural elements and traditional interpretations used, prevent us from concluding that Alevism is a non-Islamic understanding. Currently, Alevism continues to maintain its original place in the Islamic cultural tradition with historical and current perspectives, such as extreme-moderate-radical interpretations and understanding.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
    AtıfOpenAlex1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    The Relationship Between Weightlifting Trainers' Leadership Characteristics and their Leadership Strength as per the Perceptions of Athletes

    Gönen, Mevlut; Kul, Murat; Karatas, Ismail

    The research was designed with correlational research model, one of the quantitative approaches. In the selection of the research group, purposeful sampling approaches and convenience sampling method were applied. The research group consists of 351 weightlifters, 136 women and 215 men. The data were obtained using the Personal Information Form, Sports Leadership Scale (SLS) and Sport Leadership Strength Scale-Other (SLSS-O). Relevant Statistical analysis was applied to interpret the data. Consequently, low-level positive correlations between SLS and all sub-dimension mean scores of SLSS-O were determined.

    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020
    Investigation of the Effects of 8-Week Zumba and Step-Aerobic Exercises on Serum Leptin and Serum Ghrelin Hormone in Women

    Temur, H. Bayram; Öge, Beyza

    In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between 8-week-old zumba and step-aerobic exercises with serum leptin and serum ghrelin. Semi-experimental method used in qualitative and quantitative research was used in the study. The experimental group consisted of 26 women who voluntarily participated in the study, with an average age of 41.40 +/- 9.90 years, who did not smoke or drink alcohol, do not exercise regularly, and lead a sedentary life. The experiment group was performed zumba and step-aerobic exercises with various choreographies for 3 weeks, 2 hours each, for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken to determine the levels of hormone levels of the serum leptin and serum ghrelin three times before the exercise program, the 4th week of the exercise program and the end of the exercise program. Blood samples were taken in the morning hours after 8-10 hours of fasting. The data obtained as a result of the measurements were transferred to the computer environment. SPSS 20 package program was used in the analysis of these data. As a result of the analysis on the normal distribution of data, it was revealed that it showed a normal distribution. In the analysis of these data, Single Factor Variance Analysis (ANOVA) was used. Significance levels were evaluated according to p <0.05. As a result of the statistical analysis of the findings obtained in the research; The participants in the study were found to be statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) although there was a decrease in leptin and ghrelin levels. As a result, regular zumba and stepa-erobic exercises were found to cause a decrease in serum leptin and ghrelin levels in sedentary women, although not statistically significant.

    AtıfWoS1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4
    The Russian Occupation of Erzurum in the First World War: The repercussions of the Occupation in the Russian Press and Literature, and in the World

    Sadigov, Ramin

    One of the important fronts that the Ottoman Empire fought during the First World War was undoubtedly the Caucasus front. Compared to the other fronts, the Ottoman and Tsarist Russia were especially concerned about this front because it was the initial point for attacks targeting Central Anatolia. Erzurum became a Russion target after the 1828-1829 Ottoman-Russian War. Also, during the First World War, Russian's main aim in the Caucasus front was to occupy Erzurum. The most important reason why the Russians attacked Erzurum was that Erzurum was the headquarters of the Third Ottoman Army and also was the logistical supply center not only for Eastern Anatolia, but also for the Caucasus and the Iraq region, providing support for Turkish military operations. There are several studies about the occupation of Erzurum. Still, the question of how the Russian press and literature of the period handled the occupation of an important fortress such as Erzurum and the resonation of this occupation in Russia and in the world, have been neglected. This study examines the point of view of the Russian press and literature on the occupation of Erzurum and the reflections of this occupation in Russia and in the world.

    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    The Relationship Between Exercise and Body Composition and Liver Enzymes

    Temur, H. Bayram; Ceylan, Ramazan

    Zumba exercise program applied for twelve weeks to know its effects on Body Mass Index (BMI), Body weight, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride (TG) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). A total of 15 women, whose average age was 40.33 +/- 9.15 years, were trained for one and a half hours for 3 days a week for 12 weeks. The blood samples were taken on an empty stomach four times before the training of Zumba and at the end of each week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after exercise at the end of every four weeks. These blood samples were studied in a healthcare facility laboratory. The lengths and body weights of the participants were also determined. We found that there was a decrease in body weight and BMI measurement values and AST measurement values. However, no significant change in serum HDL, LDL and triglyceride values was evidenced.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfOpenAlex1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020
    ON THE UNCOMPLIED WORDS IN DERLEME SOZLUGU

    Güzel, Ferdi

    Derleme Sozlugu is the most comprehensive and the most important work in the field of Turkey Turkish dialects vocabulary. But when it comes to lexicography principles, there are some mistakes in this important study. It is among the important mistakes that some words without real local dialect data are included. In the Derleme Sozlugu, there are two kinds of words that are not actual dialect data, words taken from written sources and derived words. Some compilers sent the words they obtained from written sources and the words they derived from them as compiled words. Since it could not be determined by those who prepared the Derleme Sozlugu, a number of words entered into the Derleme Sozlugu that did not have local dialect data. Some studies have mentioned that there are some words taken from the written sources in the Derleme Sozlugu. The derived / fabricated words will be discussed for the first time in this study. It is a must to reorganize the Derleme Sozlugu which is the most important work in the field of dialect research. The Derleme Sozlugu which is reorganized and enriched with new compiled materials will be a better dictionary in terms of both reliability and usability.

    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    The Perceived Stress Levels During COVID-19 Quarantine Periods and Physical Activity and Exercise

    Sahin, Tolga; Gönen, Mevlut

    Social life disruption diminished the physical activity and isolation at home caused psychological stress on people during the coronavirus outbreak. This study applied the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Five hundred forty-three participants voluntarily completed the online questionnaire. The additional questions were asked to participants such as age, gender, educational status, spent time for physical activity or exercise, and isolation status. The perceived stress level and Insufficient Self-Efficacy perception (ISE) as a sub-factor of PSS were found statistically significant among the activity level groups. When compared to isolation status, the not isolated group showed a higher perception of stress (PSS total score, ISE, and SDP values) than partial and isolated groups except for SDP in partial isolated groups value. The findings of this study revealed that during isolation days which limiting energy expenditure and increasing mentally stress exercise and physical activity could be effective in decreasing perceived stress.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfOpenAlex6
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    Optimising High Lime Fly Ash Content By Means of Silica Fume Incorporation to Control Alkali-Silica Reaction And Drying Shrinkage of Mortars

    Gökçe, H. Suleyman; Hosseinnezhad, Hojjat; Üzüm, Onur; Hatungimana, Daniel; Ramyar, Kambiz

    In this study, the effect of binary and ternary cementitious systems composed of portland cement, high-lime fly ash and silica fume on the compressive strength, alkali-silica reaction (ASTM C 1567) and drying shrinkage of mortar mixtures was researched. For this purpose, binary and ternary binders were prepared with partial replacement of cement with either fly ash (15wt% and 30wt%) or silica fume (5wt%) or both mineral admixtures (15wt+%5wt% and 30wt%+5wt%). An alkali reactive basalt aggregate was used in this study. It was found that partial replacement of cement with high-lime fly ash reduced the strength of mortar mixtures even up to 28-days. Besides, addition of 5% silica fume had not a significant effect on the early strength of fly ash-bearing mixtures. However, silica fume inclusion improved the 28-day strength of mixtures. In terms of alkali-silica reaction (ASR), the fly ash with lower lime content reduced the 14-day expansion more than that of fly ash with higher lime content. The opposite results were the case in 28-day ASR expansions. The ASR expansions of the fly ash-bearing mixtures were significantly reduced by the introduction of the additional 5% silica fume to these mixtures. However, silica fume incorporation remarkably increased the drying shrinkage values of the mixtures. Finally, fly ash with higher lime content was found to be more satisfactory in terms of compressive strength, alkali-silica reaction and drying shrinkage in the ternary binder system.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfOpenAlex1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    A Folklore Study on Traditional Grape Molasses Production in Silifke Uzuncaburc

    Kabak, Turgay

    Uzuncaburc, which is connected to the Silifke district of Mersin, is an old settlement that goes back to the previous periods of BCE. At the time when the Turks started to settle in Anatolia, the main sources of livelihood were agriculture and animal husbandry in Uzuncaburc, where nomadic Turkmen settled. Local people who feed animals such as goat and sheep have grown wheat, barley and chickpeas as agricultural products. However, these are not the only agricultural products grown by the people of the region. There is also a viticulture outside. There is a large amount of vineyards, especially in the center and around the settlement. In this context, there is almost no family in the region. The main reason why viticulture is so widespread is that Uzuncaburc has a deep-rooted culture of viticulture, whose origins go back to the previous periods of the Turks. The aim of this article is to determine the traditional molasses production methods in the region and to investigate the cultural dimension of this production. In this study, molasses production and ethnographic tools used during this production and oral culture products that were produced were determined and examined in terms of tradition by field research method. As a result of this study, it was determined that the people of Uzuncaburc continued the tradition of viticulture they took over from the previous inhabitants of the region.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfOpenAlex1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2
    Removal Kinetics of Olive-Mill Wastewater in a Batch-Operated Aerobic Bioreactor

    Kul, Sinan; Nuhoglu, Alper

    This study involves the removal of the olive-mill wastewater (OMW), which is a significant pollutant, in a batch reactor under aerobic conditions by mixed cultures. It also includes comparison of different substrate inhibition models, calculation of kinetic parameters, and testing the merit of the chosen mathematical model with respect to OMW concentration and changes with time. Average initial microorganism concentration (X0) in the batch reactor was 100 +/- 15 mg L-1. During the study the treatment of OMW with initial chemical oxygen demand (S0) concentration between 10 and 1,000 mg COD L-1 was investigated. Maximum specific growth rate (mu max) was reached with 130 mg COD L-1 initial concentration and 3 h experimental duration produced 57.17% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. Other experiments with increasing initial concentration increased COD removal duration, with 927 mg COD L-1 initial concentration regressing to 8.88% removal efficiency after 3 h. The biokinetic equations of Aiba, Haldane, Tseng, and Yano and Koga were chosen to relate S0 concentration to specific growth rate (mu) and the biokinetic parameters in these equations were calculated. The most appropriate biokinetic equation was the Haldane model in terms of R2 value and the Haldane equation parameters 0.43 h-1, 45.34 mg L-1, and 207.97 mg L-1 were calculated for mu max, half-saturation constant (Ks) and inhibition constant (Ki), respectively. Also, a mathematical biokinetic model including the Haldane equation was used to test the OMW removal performance and it was seen that the chosen model was well able to reflect system behavior. After the calibration of mu max, the most-sensitive parameter of the Haldane model, to 0.22 h-1, the model gave a better fit for all tested conditions.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfWoS2OpenAlex7
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    Forecasting the movements of Bitcoin prices: an application of machine learning algorithms

    Pabuçcu, Hakan; Ongan, Serdar; Ongan, Ayse

    Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, are one of the most controversial and complex technological innovations in today's financial system. This study aims to forecast the movements of Bitcoin prices at a high degree of accuracy. To this aim, four different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are applied, namely, the Support Vector Machines (SVM), the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), the Naive Bayes (NB) and the Random Forest (RF) besides the logistic regression (LR) as a benchmark model. In order to test these algorithms, besides existing continuous dataset, discrete dataset was also created and used. For the evaluations of algorithm performances, the F statistic, accuracy statistic, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Root Absolute Error (RAE) metrics were used. The t test was used to compare the performances of the SVM, ANN, NB and RF with the performance of the LR. Empirical findings reveal that, while the RF has the highest forecasting performance in the continuous dataset, the NB has the lowest. On the other hand, while the ANN has the highest and the NB the lowest performance in the discrete dataset. Furthermore, the discrete dataset improves the overall forecasting performance in all algorithms (models) estimated.

    AtıfWoS25OpenAlex65
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1
    Physical and mechanical properties of cement containing regional hazelnut shell ash wastes

    Baran, Y.; Gökçe, H. S.; Durmaz, M.

    Turkey is ranked in the first place with two-thirds of the world hazelnut production. As the amount of shell obtained from shelled-hazelnut is almost equal to that of hazelnut by weight, the shell is a regionally important waste. The biomass is consumed as a fuel in some homes, workplaces, and public buildings with the help of specific caldrons. In the study, the use of ash was researched in the production of blended cement. For this purpose, blended cement mixtures containing hazelnut shell ash at the ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by weight of CEM I 42.5R ordinary Portland cement were prepared. The binary cementitious systems were assessed in terms of chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Hazelnut shell ash introduction increased the water demand up to 59% for standard consistency and reduced setting time up to 96% according to the ordinary Portland cement. Compressive strength results were remarkably reduced by an increase in the amount of ash. With over 5% of hazelnut shell ash introduction, the 28-d compressive strength value was found unsatisfactory (<42.5 MPa). The insufficient total amount of SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3 reduced the usage amount of the biomass ash in cementitious products due to having no pozzolanic characteristic. Hazelnut shell ash can be used as an alkaline set accelerator in concrete products as it is not steel-reinforced due to its high chlorine ion content. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfWoS35OpenAlex41
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1
    4-aminothiophenol-intercalated montmorillonite: Organic-inorganic hybrid material as an immobilization support for biosensors

    Yilmaz, Yahya Yasin; Yalcinkaya, Esra Evrim; Demirkol, Dilek Odaci; Timur, Suna

    Hybrid materials containing organic and inorganic structures are very important because they have the advantages of each of their components. Intercalation of the organic molecule to inorganic structures such as clay allows the preparation of multifunctional new immobilization matrices that contain both the strength properties of the clays and the properties of the organic molecule such as its functional groups (amine, carboxyl or hydroxyl etc.). In this study, 4-aminothiophenol intercalated montmorillonite (4ATP-Mt) was prepared and used as an immobilization layer for the pyranose oxidase (PyOx) enzyme on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Firstly, 4ATP intercalation of Mt was carried out, and the success of intercalation was proven using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques. Then PyOx was immobilized using 4ATP-Mt, BSA and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker on the surface of GC electrodes. To show the coating steps for the preparation of 4ATP-Mt/PyOx biosensors, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were applied, and surface morphology was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After optimization of working conditions, analytical performance parameters were determined for glucose detection. The 4ATP-Mt/PyOx biosensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range between 0.01 and 0.5 mM (LOD: 1.0 mu M) for glucose. Additionally, the fabricated 4ATP-Mt/PyOx was assayed for the analysis of glucose in artificial body fluids and drinks.

    AtıfWoS40OpenAlex48
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3
    Effect of loading rate on cohesive parameters of the adhesive Araldite 2015

    Erbayrak, Engin; Ozer, Halil

    This study addresses the effect of loading rates on cohesive parameters and microstructural composition of the Araldite 2015 adhesive. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) samples were tested under the loading rates of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 200 mm x min(-1). The Park-Paulinho-Roeser model (PPR model) was used to get cohesive parameters. In modelling of the softening behavior, inverse analyses were performed using the date obtained from the PPR softening curves. It was seen that the fracture energy and cohesive parameters are decreasing with increasing the loading rate. However, there seems to be a transition region where the fracture energy nearly remains constant. Microstructural analyses were implemented in order to study the effects of the loading rates on the characteristics of the fracture surfaces. It was concluded that the loading rates greatly influence the distribution of micro-voids in the epoxy matrix. Moreover, the presence of voids in epoxy matrix improved the plastic deformation around the crack tip and increased the fracture toughness.

    AtıfWoS3
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020
    The Effect of Protein and Carbohydrate Consumption during 10-Week Strength Training on Maximal Strength and Body Composition

    Ozan, Murat; Buzdagli, Yusuf; Siktar, Erdinc; Ucan, Izzet

    In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of protein and carbohydrate consumption on repetitive maximal strength and body composition during the 10-week strength training. The mean age and height of the groups are as follows; experimental group CAR: (n=10) 20.04 +/- 1.38 years, 173.44 +/- 4.62 cm, PR (n=10) 21.29 +/- 2.44 years, 177.24 +/- 4.22 cm and placebo group; PLA (n=10) 20.14 +/- 2.19 years, 174.15 +/- 5.12 cm in total and 30 inactive male individuals participated in the evaluation. The research was conducted as a single blind study. Scitec Isolate Whey Protein and Hardline Carbopure supplementation was given to the experimental groups under the researcher supervision for 10 weeks in appropriate for daily use type and dose. 0.75 g/kg protein was given to the PR group two hours before the training, 0.75 g/kg protein was given immediately after the training and totally 1.5 g/kg 500ml water and protein supplement was given on the days of training. In carbohydrate supplementation, carbohydrate supplements were applied as 3.0 g/kg two hours before the training and 3.0 g/kg immediately after the training, and a total of 6 g/kg 500m1 water on the days of training. In the research, synthetic colorant, which does not increase blood sugar, was given to the PLA group with 500m1 water in equal amounts to the given supplement. As a result; while the use of carbohydrate and protein supplements in the 10-week strength training performed 4 days a week provided positive improvements on body composition and 1MT, especially the use of protein provided more positive developments on fat percentage and lean body mass.

    AtıfWoS3
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4
    Some physicochemical and microbiological properties of butter produced in Erzurum

    Akgül, Halil Ibrahim; Sengül, Mustafa; Ürkek, Bayram; Kotan, Tuba Erkaya; Gürbüz, Zeynep

    The goal of this study was to determine some physicochemical and microbiological properties of Erzurum butter. Random samples (n = 30) were collected from different retail markets throughout Erzurum province. The pH, acidity, and melting point values of samples were 3.88, 0.47%, and 30.03 degrees C, respectively. The salt, fat, and moisture values of some samples (sample no 1, 14, and 18) were not harmony with Turkish Food Codex. The highest and lowest peroxide, iodine, saponification, Reichert-Meissl (RM), and Polenske values were found to be in the range of 0-0.51 mEqO2/kg, 22.97-38.64, 195.45-228.54, 17.08-30.-56, and 0.72-1.80, respectively. The refractive index value (RI) was changed from 1.4591 to 1.4620. Total coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), lactic acid bacteria (cultured in MRS and M17), and mould and yeasts mean counts were 1.07 log CFU g-1, 6.79 log CFU g-1, 6.45 log CFU g-1, 6.76 log CFU g-1, and 5.33 log CFU g-1, respectively. There were high differences in physicochemical and microbiological properties of butter might be attributed to a non-standard production process as well as non-standard raw material. In sum, the sanitation and storage conditions should be improved from production to consumption to improve the butter quality.

    AtıfWoS1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3
    Effect of resin content on tribological behavior of brake pad composite material

    Yanar, Harun; Ayar, Hasan Huseyin; Demirtas, Muhammet; Purcek, Gencaga

    Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of straight phenolic resin content on the fade behavior, frictions and wear characteristics of pre-determined brake pad composite matrix having specific amount of barite (BaSO4), rock wool, Kevlar, graphite and magnetite. Design/methodology/approach Different amount of resin ranging between 16 and 20 wt. per cent were added by changing only the filler (barite) content of composite matrix. Subsequently, friction and wear behavior of the composite samples were analyzed using a special pin-on-disc type test system developed for brake pad sample. The worn surfaces were investigated by SEM and three-dimensional (3D) surface profilometer. Findings The average coefficient of friction (CoF) of composite samples and temperature of the disc surface showed a linear increase with decreasing the resin content. The sample having 20 wt. per cent resin showed the minimum wear rate with smooth worn surface. But the amount of fade is quite high in that sample. Decreasing resin content decreased the fade formation, and the composite with 16 per cent resin brought about the minimum fade formation. As the fade formation is unwanted in brake pad applications, the composite with 16 wt. per cent resin was proposed as the most appropriate one considering the performance parameters related to friction and wear. Originality/value This paper optimizes the resin content of composite brake pad materials to achieve the best combination of its tribo-performance and mechanical properties and provides valuable information for scientists and engineers working in that area.

    AtıfWoS8OpenAlex15
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2020
    The Effects of Strenght Exercises on Body Composition and Irisin

    Ozan, Murat; Karakurt, Sercan; Aggon, Eser; Agirbas, Ozturk; Ucan, Ezzet; Alp, Hamit Hakan

    This is the first study to determine the effects of strenght exercises on irisin and correlation of bady composition and irisin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on body composition and irisin of static strength exercises with Tera-Bant (R) in elite boxers. 9 volunteered elite male boxers participate in the study who are nonsmokers and did not use any nutritional supplements. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with Thera-Band for 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before exercises (resting), after the first exercise (acute) and after 8 weeks following the last exercise (chronic), and measurement of body fats were made at the same time. Irisin levels of blood were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 22 for Windows. The data were found to not be distributed normally. Thus, Friedman, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U and Speraman's correlations tests were used. The results were evaluated using an alpha level of .05. Body Fat Percentage (BFP) and Fat Mass (FM) levels of athletes increased, Lean Mass (LM) decreased relatively both after a single session and after 8 weeks. While irisin concentration increased after a single session, (correlation in pre exercise and after a single exercise. Static strength exercise is effective on body fat both acutely and chronically, and effective on irisin only acute. Farther, the body fat and irisin are related to the negative.

    AtıfWoS2
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1
    Development of Eco-Efficient Fly Ash-Based Alkali-Activated and Geopolymer Composites with Reduced Alkaline Activator Dosage

    Gökçe, H. S.; Tuyan, M.; Ramyar, K.; Nehdi, M. L.

    The eco-efficiency and economy of geopolymer composites largely depend on their alkaline activator dosage. In this study, the effect of applying a pre-setting pressure and variation of the aggregate-to-fly ash ratio on the alkaline solution dosage and mechanical strength of fly ash-based geopolymer composites was explored. It is shown that through control of the aggregate-to-ash ratio and application of pre-setting pressure, compressive strength could be increased by 102% and 86% for Class F fly ash-based geopolymer and alkali-activated Class C fly ash-based mixture, respectively. The total alkaline solution consumption could be reduced from 718 to 188 kg/m(3) and from 769 to 262 kg/m3 for Class F fly ash-based geopolymer and alkali-activated Class C fly ash-based mixture, respectively. The proposed method reduced the alkaline solution consumption per compressive strength (6.2 kg.m(-3).MPa-1) by up to 85% compared to that of the reference manually consolidated control geopolymer. The findings demonstrate that fly ash-based geopolymers could be made more sustainable and eco-efficient through tailored production techniques. (C) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfWoS23OpenAlex30
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2
    Comparison of two wild-grown Berberis varieties based on biochemical characterization

    Çakır, Özlem; Karabulut, Abdulkadir

    In this study, some physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, mineral content, and phenolic profiles of Berberis vulgaris and Berberis crataegina wild-grown in Bayburt are analyzed and compared. The level of total phenolic content in B. crataegina DC. (73.48 µg GAE/mg KM) was found higher than B. vulgaris (71.54 µg GAE/mg KM). According to three methods (β-carotene, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) the antioxidant activity of the B. crataegina is also higher. The change in color (L*, b*) is found statistically important (p <.05). There are no meaningful differences between the dry matter, C vitamin, pH value, and water activity (p >.05). It was observed that the fruit type has a great effect on brix and ash content (p <.05) and glucose, total sugar, and malic acid content. Chlorogenic acid is the dominant phenolic component for both types. It is followed by syringic, sinapic, and gallic acid in B. vulgaris and sinapic, syringic, and gallic acid in B. crataegina. Practical applications: Wild fruits have been consumed for centuries in nutrition or pharmacology applications. They are known as rich resources of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. For that reason, wild fruits play an important role in the prevention and treatment of some diseases especially cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this study, wild-grown B. vulgaris and B. crataegina were analyzed in detail according to their bioactive properties and an assessment was made in terms of industrial and medical usability. This study reports mineral content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and the phenolic acid profile (sinapic, syringic, gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, vanillic, trans-ferulic, p-coumaric, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) of two Berberis varieties. According to results, these fruits may be used as natural flavoring and coloring material in food sector. Thanks to the active ingredients and minerals; these fruits may be used in pharmaceutical industry. They have a good potential for commercial exploitation and positive effects on health.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfScopus16WoS8OpenAlex16
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele