Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Dertli, Enes(116)
- Şahin, Engin(48)
- Kaya, Yunus(46)
- Özen, Soner(46)
- İspirli, Hümeyra(45)
- Pat, Suat(44)
- Şenay, Volkan(42)
- Korkmaz, Şadan(36)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(33)
- Kutlu, Naciye(32)
- Cuce, Erdem(31)
- Öner, Erdal(31)
- Artar, Musa(30)
- Ertugrul, Mehmet(29)
- Hasar, Ugur Cem(29)
- Mercan, Emin(28)
- Bayraktar, Bülent(27)
- Bayram, Sinan(27)
- Can, Zehra(25)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(25)
- Çolak, Murat(23)
- Özdemir, Akın(23)
- Cuce, Pinar Mert(22)
- Sert, Durmuş(22)
- Ayata, Ümit(21)
- Bayram, Ozkan(21)
- Dirican, Ebubekir(20)
- Abdioglu, Murat(19)
- Ayazoglu, Rabil(19)
- Birinci, Ahmet(19)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(19)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(18)
- Taylan, Osman(18)
- Tozlu, Alperen(18)
- Gul, Volkan(15)
- Hasar, Ugur C.(15)
- Kadakal, Mahir(15)
- Sagdic, Osman(15)
- Ergün, Mustafa(14)
- Kadakal, Huriye(14)
Yayınlar
- Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2021Parallel Assembly Lines with Heterogeneous Workforce: A Cost-Driven Mathematical Model and Simulated Annealing Approach
Kökhan, Serhan; Baykoç, Ömer Faruk; Xu, J; Marquez, FPG; Hassan, MHA; Duca, G; Hajiyev, A; Altiparmak, F
In recent years it has become possible for people, machines and robots to work collaboratively in most production environments. Collaborative working models, which are diversified with the concept of Industry 4.0, have become an important issue in Assembly Line Problems (ALP). In this study, a cost-driven mathematical model which combines Parallel Assembly Line Problems and human and robot collaborative workforce which is an important parameter of Industry 4.0 philosophy is proposed. The mathematical model was tested for new data sets derived from existing data sets in the parallel assembly lines literature and the results were analyzed. Because of the NP-hardness of ALP, a heuristic approach based Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm was proposed to solve for larger sized problems. For this purpose, the same data sets were solved with SA and the results were compared and analyzed. The results show that the mathematical model gives better results up to Tonge data set (140 task), but feasible solutions can only be obtained by SA algorithm for the rest. Since there are very few studies with heterogeneous workforce in Parallel Assembly Line Balancing Problems (PALBP), this study is believed to provide a significant contribution to related literature.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex8
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Differential effects of inhibitors of PTZ-induced kindling on glutamate transporters and enzyme expression
Taspinar, Numan; Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet; Butuner, Selcuk; Togar, Basak; Arslan, Gokhan; Taghizadehghalehjoughi, Ali; Okkay, Ufuk; Agar, Erdal; Stephens, Robert, Jr.; Turkez, Hasan
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder resulting from abnormal neuronal firing in the brain. Glutamate transporters and the glutamate-glutamine cycle play crucial roles in the development of seizures. In the present study, the correlation of epilepsy with glutamate transporters and enzymes was investigated. Herein, male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (six animals/group); 35 mg/kg pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was used to induce a kindling model of epilepsy. Once the kindling model was established, animals were treated for 15 days with either valproic acid (VPA, 350 mg/kg) or ceftriaxone (CEF, 200 mg/kg) in addition to the control group receiving saline. After treatment, electrocorticography (ECoG) was performed to record the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. The glutamate reuptake time (T-80) was also determined in situ using an in vivo voltammetry. The expression levels of glutamate transporters and enzymes in the M1 and CA3 areas of the brain were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ECoG measurements showed that the mean spike number of the PTZ + VPA and PTZ + CEF groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the PTZ group. Compared with the PTZ group, VPA or CEF treatment decreased the glutamate reuptake time (T-80). The expression levels of EAAC1, GLT-1, GLAST, glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutaminase were increased in the PTZ group. Treatment with VPA or CEF enhanced the expression levels of GLT-1, GLAST, EAAC1, and GS, whereas the glutaminase expression level was reduced. The current results suggest that VPA or CEF decreases seizure activity by increasing glutamate reuptake by upregulating GLT-1 and GLAST expression, implying a possible mechanism for treating epilepsy. Also, we have suggested a novel mechanism for the antiepileptic activity of VPA via decreasing glutaminase expression levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure the glutamate reuptake time in situ during the seizure (i.e., real-time measurement).
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3Development of SiO2 based doped with LiF, Cr2O3, CoO4 and B2O3 glasses for gamma and fast neutron shielding
Aygün, Bunyamin; Sakar, Erdem; Karabulut, Abdulhalik; Alim, Bunyamin; Sayyed, Mohammed, I; Singh, Vishwanath P.; Yorgun, Nergiz Yildiz; Özpolat, Ozgur Firat
In this study, the fast neutron and gamma-ray absorption capacities of the new glasses have been investigated, which are obtained by doping CoO,CdWO4,Bi2O3, Cr2O3, ZnO, LiF,B2O3 and PbO compounds to SiO2 based glasses. GEANT4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation codes have been used in the planning of the samples. The glasses were produced using a well-known melt-quenching technique. The effective neutron removal cross-sections, mean free paths, half-value layer, and transmission numbers of the fabricated glasses have been calculated through both GEANT4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation codes. Experimental neutron absorbed dose measurements have been carried out. It was found that GS4 glass has the best neutron protection capacity among the produced glasses. In addition to neutron shielding properties, the gamma-ray attenuation capacities, were calculated using newly developed Phy-X/PSD software. The gamma-ray shielding properties of GS1 and GS2 are found to be equivalent to Pb-based glass.
AtıfScopus19WoS19OpenAlex16İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1A review on developments of environmentally friendly geopolymer technology
Krishna, R. S.; Mishra, Jyotirmoy; Zribi, Marwa; Adeniyi, Funmilayo; Saha, Suman; Baklouti, Samir; Shaikh, Faiz Uddin Ahmed; Gökçe, H. S.
This study aims to present an overview of the progress of geopolymer composites with regards to the latest developments on its constituents (binders, activators, and aggregates) and manufacturing techniques. Some ecological, economic, and industrial limitations of the traditional aluminosilicate binders yield to the pursuit of alternative ones over the period. Some of these latest binders e.g. ferrochrome ash, mine tailings, rice husk ash, red mud, have been highlighted in this paper. Current advances on replacement of natural fine and coarse aggregates such as mine tailings (iron ore tailings), recycled/lightweight aggregates for geopolymer preparation have been reviewed from the past literature. The paper also focuses on developments regarding the new class of green alkaline and acidic activators, which is traditionally considered to be the binding agent in the preparation of geopolymer composites. Different geopolymer production methods have been briefly discussed to study their effectiveness in achieving a strong and durable composite. This paper may serve to encourage further experimental research works for achieving more sustainable, cost-effective geopolymer composites with enhanced mechanical properties.
AtıfScopus89WoS77OpenAlex88İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Coupling analysis between resonating metamaterial slabs using scattering parameters
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus; Izginli, Mucahit; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Ertugrul, Mehmet; Ramahi, Omar M.
Metamaterial (MM) slabs in close proximity can couple with one another. This coupling can modify the electromagnetic response of the overall MM structure involving individual MM resonators. The signal flow graph technique along with the ABCD parameters are applied to quantitatively and qualitatively examine this coupling from simulated/measured scattering parameters of cascade connection of closely or largely separated MM slabs. S-parameter measurements of a MM slab constructed by split-ring-resonators were carried out at X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) to validate our theoretical analysis.
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Phenolic and free amino acid profiles of bee bread and bee pollen with the same botanical origin - similarities and differences
Bayram, Nesrin Ecem; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Çelik, Saffet; Mayda, Nazli; Kostic, Aleksandar Z.; Dramicanin, Aleksandra M.; Özkök, Asli
In this study, the chemical profile of bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) samples collected from the same beehive were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography technique coupled with tandem mass spectrometry), providing the identification of 23 phenolic compounds and 42 free amino acids (FAAs). Rutin was the phenolic compound with the highest rate of occurrence in both BP and BB samples. However, concentrations of protocatechuic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and kaempferol compounds were significantly higher in BB samples than in BP samples from the same hive probably as result of microbial activity and glycosides degradation. The obtained data revealed that the phenolic profiles of the samples differ not only by the type of a product but also by region. Among FAAs proline was the predominant compound in all the analyzed BP and BB samples followed by L-asparagine (BP samples) and L-aspartic acid (BP and BB samples). A high content of proline can be used as a parameter of sample freshness. Also, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis proved the possibility of using phlorizin as a chemotaxonomic marker for Rosaceae (Malus or Prunus genus) pollen presence in BP1 sample. In addition, amino acid profile had higher impact on BP and BB sample differentiation due to lower FAAs content in BB samples probably caused by microbial activity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the individual phenolic compounds and free amino acids of bee pollen and bee bread samples with the same botanical origin (predominantly originated from plants belonging to the following families: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae). (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
AtıfScopus103WoS92OpenAlex114İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ2Turkish royal jelly: amino acid, physicochemical, antioxidant, multi-elemental, antibacterial and fingerprint profiles by analytical techniques combined with chemometrics
Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Çebi, Nur; Çelik, Saffet; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Bayram, Sinan; Tanugur Samanci, Asli Elif; Sagdiç, Osman; Özkök, Asli
Royal jelly is one of the most remarkable commercial bee products used in cosmetics, medicine, and as a dietary supplement. This study aimed to determine some quality parameters (amino acid, multi-elemental, total phenolic-flavonoid, 10-HDA, sugar, and moisture content) as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different royal jelly samples (domestic and non-domestic samples). In this study, royal jelly samples exhibited high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 10-HDA values were found to be higher in domestic royal jelly samples (2.17-2.71%) compared to non-domestic samples (0.31-1.71%). Also, it was found that the acidity value varied between 2.57-3.37 mL 0.1 N NaOH/g and 3.87-4.97 mL 0.1 N NaOH/g in non-domestic and domestic royal jelly samples, respectively. L-Proline was the amino acid with the highest rate of occurrence in both domestic (21972.39-35053.00 nmol/g) and non-domestic (19688.31-21711.50 nmol/g) samples. It was determined that the new method developed for amino acid analysis has many advantages over other methods. Chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that amino acid profile, elemental profile, and chemical parameters were capable of presenting characteristic and descriptive properties of royal jelly samples. In addition to these findings, Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was successfully used to distinguish domestic and non-domestic royal jelly samples. The obtained results will provide an important basis for subsequent research on the evaluation of the amino acid content, physicochemical properties, phenolic content, and the antioxidant and elemental profile of royal jelly.
AtıfScopus24WoS20OpenAlex25İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Butter production from ozone-treated cream: Effects on characteristics of physicochemical, microbiological, thermal and oxidative stability
Sert, Durmus; Mercan, Emin; Kara, Ummugulsum
The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of the ozone treatment (OT) to raw cream on the physicochemical, microbiological, thermal, and oxidative properties of butter. For this purpose, butter samples were produced from raw cream, which was ozone-treated for 5 (OT-5), 15 (OT-15), 30 (OT-30), and 60 (OT-60) min. The control sample was also produced from non-ozonated raw cream. OT increased firmness, consistency, and fat particle size values of cream. The firmness of butter was between 97 and 380 N. Average fat particle size of samples (D[3.2]) ranged from 22.1 to 30.2 mu m, in which OT decreased it. A monomodal fat particle size distribution was determined in all-butter samples. OT decreased b value (yellowness) of butter, and the lowest value was determined in OT-60. The induction time of butter changed from 1.04 (OT-60) - 32.9 h (control). Two melting peaks were determined in butter samples at 14.2-14.6 and 32.3-33 degrees C. Ozonation for 60 min caused 2.01 log reduction in Staphylococci. Above 15 min, OT completely inactivated Salmonella and yeast-mould. Coliform was not detected in OT-30 and OT-60. The results showed that OT resulted in higher microbiological quality in butter from raw cream.
AtıfWoS28OpenAlex30İncele - EditoryalAçık Erişim2020Opinions and Thoughts of Undergraduate Students Receiving Sports Education on Ethical Behaviours in Sports
Sirinkan, Mete; Önal, Levent; Sirinkan, Cem
- BildiriYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Storage Stability of Probiotic Weisella Cibaria N9 in Freeze-dried Form
Gul, Latife Betul; Gul, Osman; Dertli, Enes; Con, Ahmet Hilmi
AtıfWoS2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020INVESTIGATION OF CONSUMERS 'ORGANIC FOOD PURCHASES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONAL VALUES AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS
Ercis, Aysel; Yildiz, Tugba; Deveci, F. Gorgun
In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting consumers organic food purchase intention. In this direction; individual factors of personal values, attitude towards purchasing organic food of individual factors, and the effect of this variable on the organic food purchase intention was investigated. The role of moderator in the relationship between subjective norms' organic food purchasing attitude and organic food purchase intention is discussed. According to the results of the research, while personal values affect individual factors; while health and environmental consciousness have an impact on the attitude towards purchasing organic food, price consciousness has no effect. In addition, the findings show that the attitude towards purchasing organic food has an impact on the purchase intention. Finally, the subjective norm has a moderator effect between the organic food purchase intention and the attitude towards purchasing organic food.
AtıfWoS5OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Attitudes of women toward for early diagnosis of cervical cancer: health responsibility and associated factors
Önal, Betul; Yilmaz, Figen Alp
Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the attitudes of women toward early diagnosis of cervical cancer, and the relationship between these attitudes, and health responsibility and some factors. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with 662 women aged 21 to 65. The Descriptive Characteristics Form, Attitude Scale for Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II-Health Responsibility Subscale were used for data collection. Results: In the present study, it was detected that perceived susceptibility of women were at moderate levels while their perceived severity, barriers and benefits were at low levels. A negative correlation was detected between Health Responsibility and Perceived Susceptibility Among the significant variables that impact attitudes toward early diagnosis of cervical cancer are women's individual and some obstetric characteristics, their health responsibility. Conclusion: The participating women's perceived susceptibility of attitudes toward early diagnosis of cervical women was at a moderate level while their perceived severity, barriers and benefits were at a low level. Age, educational attainment, income level, presenting to the clinic for regular gynecological examinations and history of gynecological cancer in the family were some factors that had an impact on the health responsibility and attitudes of the participating women toward early diagnosis of cervical cancer. In the light of these findings, evidence-based, individualized nursing services such as physical and psychosocial care, training and consultancy can be planned to improve women's attitudes toward early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
AtıfWoS5OpenAlex6TR Dizin2
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Investigation of the Relationship between Social Studies Teacher Candidate's Unemployment Worries and Their Attitudes toward Teaching Profession
Yetisensoy, Okan; Sahin, Ibrahim Fevzi
This study aims to determine the levels of unemployment worries of social studies teacher candidates and 15.03.2019 their attitudes towards the teaching profession in terms of various variables and to investigate the relationship between their unemployment worries and their attitudes toward teaching profession. This study was Accepted: conducted in accordance with the relational screening model. As a result of the study, it was found that social 24.07.2019 studies teacher candidates' attitudes towards teaching profession differed significantly in favour of female teacher candidates, low-grade teacher candidates and teacher candidates with higher GPA. Also, it was found Online First: that social studies teacher candidates' unemployment worries were significantly higher in 4th grade teacher 26.07.2019 candidates but did not differ significantly by gender and GPA variables. In addition, the findings of the study showed that there were significant negative relationships between the sub-dimensions of unemployment Published: worries and attitudes towards teaching profession and there was a negative, medium level significant 31.07.2020 relationship between teacher candidates' general unemployment worries and their attitudes towards teaching profession. Moreover, it was determined that unemployment worries of the 4th grade social studies teacher candidates were significantly higher than the second-grade teacher candidates, whereas their attitudes towards teaching profession were significantly lower. In conclusion it is thought that the findings and negative relationships determined in this study provide strong clues suggesting that social studies teacher candidates' unemployment worries negatively affect their attitudes towards teaching profession.
AtıfWoS4OpenAlex17TR Dizin5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Graphene Additives Effect on Mechanical and Structural Characterization Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Boron Based Cement Mortar
Çaglar, Hakan; Çaglar, Arzu; Can, Omer
In this study, it was aimed to develop properties of cement paste having standard properties and produce a graphene doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and boron-based cement paste in this context. This type of special cement is mixed with PVA as polymer additive material so it can have a higher strength and sufficient elasticity per unit weight. Also, boric acid which can absorb neutrons having poisonous effect in nuclear reactions is added into the cement in order to minimize environmental disaster caused by a nuclear accident. Compressive and bending strengths were measured based on TSE tests of graphene doped PVA and boron-based cement paste. Then, samples were measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Method (BET) and subjected to X-ray Diffraction (XRD). In XRD measurements, crystalline structure was observed in all materials. According to compressive strength tests, as the graphene amount increases compressive strength also increases, however in bending strength tests as the graphene amount increases bending strength decreases. Although the values of bending strength of samples produced decreased with increase of graphene content, these values were found to be above the standard values. In addition to boron, graphene admixture has a significant effect on material with its positive strength properties.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Comparison of Environmental Measurement Values in Extremities with Some Strength Parameters after Weight Training
Bayrain Temur, H.; Kilinçboz, Hilal
It was aimed to investigate whether the increase in arm and leg circumference measurement values of weight training applied in a training has an effect on strength. Twenty-two boxers with a mean age of 20.09 +/- 1.41 years were included in the study. Measurements were taken twice, after the warm-up, before starting and after training. Right and left upper arm and forearm circumference, right and left femur and calf circumference values were determined. In addition, right and left-hand grip strength, leg strength and back strength values were determined. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between right and left-hand grip strength pre-test and post-test values. It was determined that there was a difference between the leg strength pre-test and post-test values and between the pre-test and post-test values of all other parameters in favour of the post-test. However, the right arm and forearm circumference measurement values were calculated with the right-hand grip strength, respectively. Left-arm and forearm circumference measurement values were calculated with the left-hand drag force, respectively. Shoulder circumference measurement values with both right hand and left-hand drag force, respectively and correlation was detected.
- EditoryalAçık Erişim2020Views and Opinions of Undergraduate Sports Management Students on their Satisfaction(ExampleofErzurum)
Sirinkan, Mete; Sirinkan, Cem
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Effects of Digital Shot Stories on the Development of Listening Skills: An Action Research
Köroglu, Zeynep Cetin
The present research aimed to find out whether digital short stories can improve language learners' listening skills. The purpose of this study was to figure out student teachers' perceptions of digital short stories' implementation into language classrooms. Specifically, the current research aimed to investigate whether digital short stories are useful to develop language learners' listening skills in English. The research is action research in design. The study used pretest and post-test, a written structured interview to collect data and it included both quantitative and qualitative components. The interview consisted of six open-ended questions. Achievement tests and t-test were used to analyse quantitative data. On the other hand, content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The data were collected in 2016-2017 academic years at a state university, Turkey. Participants were preparatory class students of English language teaching department of the university. In the treatment process, digital short stories were used for eight weeks, which were written by various famous American authors and voice recorded by American native speakers of English. Additionally, weekly worksheets and hand-outs were prepared by the researcher. Results showed that digital short stories provide satisfactory content, supports vocabulary learning, improves language learners' listening skills, helps participants to gain familiarity with complex grammar structures and makes students more familiar with different cultures. Furthermore, participants were satisfied with digital short stories and they thought these digital stories are useful to improve their listening skills.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Religious School Identity and Socio-Political Criticism of Bahlul Dana in terms of His Humorous Stories
Sever, Mehmet
Someone with sense of humour reveals this characteristic of his in stories and narrations. Parables and humorous stories take an important place in terms of expressing thoughts and beliefs, and of showing the negative aspects of imaginations of religion and world, which are objected to. Especially in relation to people's transmitting their own religious school's understanding, stories and parables constitute the most important material in order to maintain continuity of ideas and beliefs in the historical process. The events experienced by remarkable figures in history are transmitted in story form, and belongingness to religious schools has been reconstructed through new stories and parables in time. In this sense, Bahlul Dana, who is a historical personage, is a person that became famous in the memory of Muslims with his jokes and stories. However, the criticism observed in his jokes caused him to be alleged as a member of Shi'a. It is important to analyse some rumours suggested about his being a Shi'ite and to reveal his identity of religious school in terms of understanding sociopolitical criticism and opposition tradition in Islamic thought.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR LORENTZIAN SPHERICAL TIMELIKE CURVES
Aydin, Tuba Agirman
In this article, the differential equation of lorentzian spherical timelike curves is obtained in E-1(4). It is seen that the differential equation characterizing Lorentzian spherical timelike curves is equivalent to a linear, third order, differential equation with variable coefficients. It is impossible to solve these equations analytically. In this article, a new numerical technique based on hermite polynomials is presented using the initial conditions for the approximate solution. This method is called the modified hermite matrix-collocation method. With this technique, the solution of the problem is reduced to the solution of an algebraic equation system and the approximate solution is obtained. In addition, the validity and applicability of the technique is explained by a sample application.
AtıfWoS1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020The Influence of Social Media Friendship on Brand Awareness and Purchase Intention: Evidence from young adult consumers
Bilgin, Yusuf
The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of social media friendships on young adult consumers' approach to brands in terms of awareness, image, trust, and purchase intention among. The quantitative research method was used in this study, the population of which consisted of students who were studying at undergraduate level in Turkey and who use either Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter actively. In this study, the convenience sampling method was used. Research data was collected from 1069 undergraduate students through online questionnaires on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The data obtained were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the analysis showed that social media friendships among young adult consumers had a positive impact on brand awareness, brand image, brand trust and purchasing intentions. In addition, brand awareness was found to have a strong impact on brand image and brand trust among young adult consumers. However, brand trust was more influential on the purchase intention of young adult consumers than brand image and brand awareness.
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