Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Yazarlar

  • Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2022
    The Journey of Customer Identification: A Systematic Literature Review and Directions for Further Investigation

    Vardarsuyu, Merve; Sunaoglu, Serife Kazanci

    Customer identification has been a key concept in understanding consumers' relationships with brands. In this review article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of extant knowledge on customer identification and offer suggestions for future development in line with the gaps identified in the prior literature. We systematically review 73 peer-reviewed journal articles pertinent to customer identification in the Scopus database. We discuss the review findings in five sections, namely, conceptualization, theoretical framework, descriptive information, methodological trends, and key variables. Drawing from the gaps in the existing literature, we propose several suggestions for future research and end the paper with concluding remarks.

    AtıfWoS1OpenAlex1TR Dizin2
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022
    SOME INTEGRAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF TIMELIKE HELICES IN R42

    Erpehlivan, Zeliha; Kocayigit, Hüseyin; Aydin, Tuba Agirman

    In this study, we examine timelike helices in R-2(4) and some integral characterizations of these curves in terms of Frenet frame. In addition, we study timelike 2B slant helices in R-2(4) and present the differential equations for vector positions.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2022
    TIMELIKE HELICES IN THE SEMI-EUCLIDEAN SPACE E24

    Aydin, Tuba Agirman; Ayazoglu, Rabil; Kocayigit, Huseyin

    In this paper, we define timelike curves in R-2(4) and characterize such curves in terms of Frenet frame. Also, we examine the timelike helices of R-2(4), taking into account their curvatures. In addition, we study timelike slant helices, timelike B-1-slant helices, timelike B-2-slant helices in four dimensional semi-Euclidean space, R-2(4). And then we obtain an approximate solution for the timelike B-1 slant helix with Taylor matrix collocation method.

    AtıfWoS1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2022
    THE NEXUS BETWEEN SOCIAL UNREST AND MIGRANT REMITTANCES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM GEORGIA

    Ari, Yilmaz Onur; Koç, Umit

    The paper examines the social unrest and migrant remittances relationship for Georgia using monthly time series data covering January 2007- July 2019. The Granger Causality Test was employed in the application of the econometric technique. Frequency domain causality test was also used in order to empower the findings of the study. The empirical findings showed that there is a bidirectional causality between the reported social unrest index (RSUI) and the remittance inflow to Georgia. Besides, frequency domain causality test results indicated that RSUI was the Granger cause of remittance inflow in the medium term (7-10 months), while remittance inflow was the Granger cause of RSUI in the short term (2-6 months). Social unrest comprises protests based on basic economic needs such as food, gas, electricity etc. Therefore, social unrest can be a supportive factor of remittances inflow to Georgia. This is in line with the view that remittances sent by Georgian immigrants to their families in Georgia are used for consumption rather than investments. On the other hand, remittances can be a determinant of social unrest for Georgia because the existence of separatist movements in Abkhazia and former South Ossetia can be interpreted as remittances can be an important source to fund these movements.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2022
    INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE FOR n-TIMES DIFFERENTIABLE ARITHMETIC-HARMONICALLY FUNCTIONS

    Kadakal, Huriye

    In this work, by using an integral identity together with both the Holder and the power-mean integral inequalities we establish several new inequalities for n-times differentiable arithmetic-harmonically-convex function. Then, using this inequalities, we obtain some new inequalities connected with means. In special cases, the results obtained coincide with the well-known results in the literature.

    AtıfWoS1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ2
    Crafts and Craftmanship in Bayburt Province as an Example of the Problems Faced in Transmission of Intangible Cultural Heritage

    Kabak, Uyesi Turgay

    Trading is one of the first planned and organized activities that mankind put forward after his life on earth started. Because human beings are not a being that can meet all their needs by themselves. They also need what other people produce in order to survive. People all over the world have developed different organizations in order to meet this need, which has led to the birth of trade, professions and money flow. The Ahiorder organization developed by the Turks in Anatolia and its surroundings and the craftsmen within this organization met all the goods and services needed by the Turkish people in the past with an intensive way of working. However, these crafts and the activities of the craftsmen performing these should not be considered merely as commercial activities. Because a very rich tangible and intangible cultural heritage has also been formed around these activities. The purpose of this study is to examine the situation of the five facing extinction among the handicrafts in Bayburt province, which are one of the first forms of production and have a production process intensive by hand. Document analysis and field research methods, which are among qualitative research methods, were used in this study. Observation and interview techniques were used in the field research. Then, the data obtained were examined in the light of the relevant literature and it was determined that even in the province of Bayburt, where traditional life continues to a certain extent compared to other big cities, crafts and craftsmen cannot compete with the industrial and commercial power of modern times and are about to disappear. The situation revealed by this result does not only mean the disappearance of some crafts. It is seen that a wide-ranging traditional knowledge of the craftsmen who carry out this craft, from learning the profession to its execution, from selling to the public to the professional law among tradesmen, has begun to disappear without being transmitted to future generations. The disappearance of professional knowledge, which is one of the important corners of the national culture and accepted by UNESCO in the intangible cultural heritage list within the framework of various conventions, also shows that we are facing with great problems in the transmission of our intangible cultural heritage to the future generations in our country in general and in Bayburt in particular. Today, the products that are the concrete output of the crafts are taken under protection by amateurs, museums and various institutions in our country, even if they are disconnected from their context; however, it is not enough to keep only materials in order to keep the cultural value of these crafts alive. The materials must be kept alive with the context of the production process. Only in this way can the cultural codes in the professional knowledge be transmitted to the future generations and brought to the world cultural heritage. The point of the study is that if it is late in the province of Bayburt, this intangible cultural heritage will become extinct together with the craftsmen who are the last representatives of their profession. In this regard, it was remarked that this process can be reversed with the projects in which the official institutions, the experts employed at the universities and the Turkish National Commission for UNESCO are partnered together in terms of cities.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ3
    Turkey's Long-Term Electricity Consumption Forecast

    Emec, S.; Akkaya, G.

    Demand forecasting is essential primarily for planning. Although it is crucial in many sectors and issues, it has particular importance for electricity. Therefore, the issue of electricity consumption forecasting has recently become a prevalent topic. In light of the above, this study aimed to develop an appropriate model to estimate the long-term electricity consumption of Turkey. The study consists of three steps. In the first step, eight models were developed to separately investigate the effects of eight input variables frequently used in electricity consumption forecasting studies in the literature. In the second step of the study, two models consisting of input variables with high impact in the first step were developed, and the trained performances of the developed models were calculated by using the regression analysis. In the final step, the combined effect of eight variables on electricity consumption forecasting was investigated using regression analysis. It can be conclude that the model in the third step showed significant results, and the model performance was good. Finally, Turkey's electricity consumption forecast for the years 2020-2030 was performed using the model in the third step.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
    AtıfWoS1OpenAlex3
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022
    The Dynamics Affecting the Export-Import Ratio in Turkey: A Hybrid Model Proposal with Econometrics and Machine Learning Approach

    Özden, Erdemalp

    The indicators related to foreign trade are conventionally measured in a currency or as the ratio of the country's gross domestic products. The ratio of exports to imports, alternatively, provides more useful results when comparing the foreign trade performance of economies both over time and with other countries as a unit-free indicator. In this study, the macroeconomics and financial determinants affecting this ratio are examined both econometrically and using the machine learning method. In this context, the autoregressive distributed lag model method was first used to investigate the relationship between normalized gross domestic products, exchange rate, consumer price index, producer price index, crude oil and Turkey's ratio of exports to imports rate between 2010-2021, monthly. Long-term analysis showed that the 1% depreciation of the Turkish Liras against the US dollar increased the ratio of exports to imports rate by 0.7 points. In addition, a 1% increase in consumer price index will increase ratio of exports to imports by 1.9 points, while a 1% increase in producer price index will cause a -0.8 point decrease on the ratio of exports to imports. Then, the pattern between the variables was analyzed with quadratic support vector machine, a machine learning method. Finally, the novel ARDL-SVM hybrid method was developed, and the pattern between the variables was examined. The findings revealed that although the econometric method provided a broader scope for interpreting the relationships between variables, the developed ARDL-SVM method successfully captured patterns between variables.

    • SDG 8 · İnsana Yakışır İş ve Ekonomik Büyüme
    AtıfWoS1OpenAlex5TR Dizin1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022
    The Effects of Urbanization, Life Expectation at Birth and Commercialization on Income Inequality: A Research on the Community of the Independent States and Some Baltic Countries

    Gültekin, Omer Faruk

    One of the important results of economic development is the development of trade and the increase in welfare. A reflection of the increase in welfare is the prolongation of human life and the increase in urbanization. Through these indicators, societies are expected to develop economically and socially. In this study, as a reflection of welfare, the effect of commercialization, average life expectancy and urbanization on income inequality in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and some Baltic countries that gained independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union after 1991 were investigated. In the study, trade openness and the share of countries in world trade representing commercialization, urbanization representing the increase in welfare, and disposable Gini coefficient and market Gini coefficient representing income inequality examined. For the estimations, four models were created and different results were obtained for each model. In the analysis process, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, multicollinearity, cross-section dependence, heteroscadasticity, autocorrelation tests were applied. Depending on the test results, the Driscoll-Kraay test was applied and the results were estimated. According to the results, it can be said that while commercialization has a positive effect on income inequality, urbanization has a negative effect on income inequality.

    • SDG 1 · Yoksulluğa Son
    • SDG 8 · İnsana Yakışır İş ve Ekonomik Büyüme
    • SDG 10 · Eşitsizliklerin Azaltılması
    • SDG 11 · Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Topluluklar
    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022
    The Relationship Between Trait Anxiety Levels And Future Expectations Of Young Individuals

    Gönen, Mevlut; Öktem, Tuncay

    The future expectations of the youth of university-age can influence many of their decisions like the choice of university till their life plans. Many factors, including the psychological state, can affect the expectation for the future. In this study, the relationship between anxiety, which is one of the mentioned psychological factors, and future expectation was examined. A total of 1026 people from various cities of Turkey were enrolled in the special talent exam held by Bayburt University School of Physical Education and Sports. The state and trait anxiety scale developed by Spielberger and his friends was used.The Turkish reliability and validity study of the scale was conducted by Oner and Le Compte. The trait anxiety dimension of the related scale was used. The Future Visions Scale developed by Ginevra and his friends was used. The Turkish reliability and validity study of the scale was conducted by Akca and his friends. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 25 package program. As a result, there is a moderate negative relationship between the trait anxiety scores of all individuals participating in the research and the optimism and hope sub-dimensions of the future expectations scale, and a moderate positive relationship was found in the pessimism sub-dimension. In the correlation test according to gender, there is a negative moderate relationship in the optimism and hope sub-dimensions, and a positive moderate relationship in the pessimism sub-dimension in both female and male individuals. In the analysis made for another variable, the type of high school graduation, although there was a negative moderate relationship between trait anxiety and optimism and hope sub-dimensions, a positive moderate relationship was found with the pessimism sub-dimension.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfOpenAlex3
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022
    MARRIAGES IN THE SHADOW OF POLITICS IN THE RUPEN DYNASTY

    Aktas, Yasemin

    Marriage, which is the smallest structural unit of the society and where the foundation of the family was laid, was made a part of politics by the states and implemented. There are many reasons for attempting marriage between states, and many factors can be listed, such as ending wars, the continuation of peace, acquiring allies, and being able to leave an heir. Starting from the 11th century, in the Rupen dynasty that emerged in cukurava, political marriages were made in order to gain strong allies and dominate the region starting from the baron Constantine. Relationships were established with the Latin kingdoms, the Byzantine state of Nicaea, and the Crusader counties by exchanging daughters. In addition to political and military reasons, the desire of the Crusader counts to obtain financial benefits through dowry was also effective in the marriages, most of which were with the Crusader counts and Latin kings. Marriages, where arbitrariness was not in question, could start and end under certain conditions under the control of the church. In this study, the purposes, processes and termination of marriages performed by the Rupen dynasty that emerged in cukurova were discussed.

    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
    AtıfOpenAlex1TR Dizin1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2022
    A New Approach to Human Capital: Crime Adjusted Human Capital Index on European Countries

    Kabakçi Günay, Eylul; Yildiz, Umit; Günsoy, Guler; Günsoy, Bulent

    Human capital is a one of the essential components in the economic growth and development. Also, the belief that education and health level, which are the main components of human capital, are main features of a happy and healthy society, is getting stronger. But there is a fact that crime is a destructive notion that affects a society???s human capital. In this context, this study aims to create an alternative social welfare measurement method that includes crime rates as a component to human capital on 35 European countries. In this regard, first, a general crime index was generated by using 13 different crime categories of the 35 European countries, and then this index was adapted to the Human Capital Index. As a result, the Crime-Adjusted Human Capital Index (CAHCI) was obtained. It was observed that the country rankings we obtained based on the CAHCI differ significantly from the rankings made based on the Human Capital Index. Significant number of countries, which ranks high in the Human Capital Index, ranks lower when crime rates are considered, indicates that the reliability of social welfare measures based on human capital should be questioned.

    AtıfWoS1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1
    Nondestructive Experimental Measurement, Model Updating, and Fatigue Life Assessment of carsamba Suspension Bridge

    Günaydin, Murat; Sunca, Fezayil; Altunisik, Ahmet Can; Ergün, Mustafa; Okur, Fatih Yesevi

    This paper includes the structural condition assessment of a 164-m suspension bridge in accordance with numerical and experimental methods. A finite-element model was developed using SAP2000 software so that the assessment of the bridge could be calculated numerically. The operational modal analysis method was also used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics. In this context: (i) numerical dynamic characteristics of the bridge were obtained and compared with the experimental dynamic characteristics, (ii) a model updating procedure was carried out to minimize the differences between the numerical and experimental natural frequencies, (iii) static and dynamic analyses of the bridge were carried out by using the initial and updated finite-element models, (iv) fatigue life assessment of the bridge was investigated, and (v) the utility of the bridge for pedestrians and vehicles was checked according to various regulations. The results showed that updating the finite-element model had a significant role to play in the static and dynamic behavior of the bridge. The results also demonstrated that the bridge was designed to be extremely safe against static, dynamic, and fatigue loads. Finally, it was concluded that the bridge investigated behaves as a girder bridge rather than a suspension bridge.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    AtıfWoS17OpenAlex18
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • BildiriAçık Erişim2022
    Implementation of a SoC by Using lowRISC Architecture on an FPGA for Image Filtering Applications

    Akçay, Latif; Sürer, Bartu; Yalçin, Berna Ors

    In this study, it is aimed to implement the lowRISC system-on-chip, which is based on the Rocket processor created with the RISC-V instruction set architecture developed by Berkeley University, on FPGA and to run image processing algorithms on this system. While making this implementation, the main target is a system that is very simple, consumes low power, and can be quickly redirected to other purposes. Therefore, it is based on the effective evaluation of the existing system without using any extra customized accelerators. Thus, a free, open source, and powerful enough platform for many embedded system applications is proposed to the designers. For this purpose, a lane detection application designed with standard C libraries such as Gaussian blur filter, Sobel operation filter and other elements, which are widely used in image processing applications, is run with embedded Linux operating system and the results are shared.

    AtıfOpenAlex1
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1
    Structural Investigation of Masonry Arch Bridges Using Various Nonlinear Finite-Element Models

    Tapkin, Serkan; Tercan, Emre; Motsa, Siphesihle Mpho; Drosopoulos, Georgios; Stavroulaki, Maria; Maravelakis, Emmanuel; Stavroulakis, Georgios

    This article presents an investigation of the structural behavior of a masonry arch bridge in Turkey. An analytical study has been conducted to provide the geometry of the structure, using laser scanning. A point cloud describing the geometry was obtained and properly transformed into a format that is appropriate for structural analysis software (CAE). Then, nonlinear finite-element models were developed to simulate structural responses of the bridge. The goal of the article is to highlight the influence of both continuum and discrete approaches and related constitutive laws on the responses of the bridge. Thus, continuum damage laws and a discrete model consisting of unilateral contact-friction interfaces were developed. Different load cases were tested and a comparison between the results obtained from the different approaches was considered. The failure mechanisms and the ultimate strengths were derived, and core points of the models were highlighted. The output of this work shows how the different failure models predict the behavior of the masonry arches. It also shows that the three-hinge mechanism, which has been depicted in classical studies for single-span arch masonry bridges under a horizontal settlement of supports, may also be obtained for multiarch bridges. Similarly, downward, vertical settlement of supports may result in the development of two hinges, as in single-span arches. Finally, the beneficial influence of the backfill in limiting the failure in the arch is addressed.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    AtıfWoS18OpenAlex21
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1
    Screening of plant pollen sources, polyphenolic compounds, fatty acids and antioxidant/antimicrobial activity from bee pollen

    Gercek, Yusuf Can; Celik, Saffet; Bayram, And Sinan

    In this study, the botanical origin, total flavonoid and phenolic content, antioxidant activity, phenolic profile and fatty acid composition of mixed bee pollen loads collected in Bayburt, Turkey, were determined. In addition to these assays, antibacterial activity of bee-collected pollen extract (BCPE) against a variety of food-borne pathogenic bacteria was determined in vitro. Pollen loads were classified into five botanical families based on their color: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Campanulaceae, Cistaceae and Rosaceae. Total flavonoid, total phenolic, CUPRAC and CERAC concentrations were 173.52 mg GAE/g, 79.21 mg QE/g, 85.59 mg Trolox/g and 118.13 mg Trolox/g, respectively. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were scanned in bee pollen extract by LC-MS/MS, with rutin being the most abundant. Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19 docosahexaenoic acid was the predominant fatty acid, followed by cis-11-eicosenoic acid, palmitic acid, and alfa linolenic acid. In addition, the agar well diffusion (AWD) and micro-broth dilution methods were used to determine of the antibacterial activity of the BCPE sample. MIC values were observed to vary between 2.5–5 mg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and 5–10 mg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. These findings indicate that bee pollen could be a potential source of antioxidants and antimicrobials.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfScopus62WoS56OpenAlex71
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1
    Impact of ultrasonication applications on color profile of foods

    Kutlu, Naciye; Pandiselvam, R.; Kamiloglu, Aybike; Saka, Irem; Sruthi, N.U.; Kothakota, Anjineyulu; Socol, Claudia Terezia; Maerescu, Cristina Maria

    Food color is a feature that provides preliminary information about their preference or consumption. There are dominant pigments that determine the color of each food; the most important pigments are anthocyanins (red–purple color), chlorophylls (green color), carotenoids (yellow-orange color), and betalains (red color). These pigments can be easily affected by temperature, light, oxygen, or pH, thereby altering their properties. Therefore, while processing, it is necessary to prevent the deterioration of these pigments to the maximum possible extent. Ultrasonication, which is one of the emerging non-thermal methods, has multidimensional applications in the food industry. The present review collates information on various aspects of ultrasonication technology, its mechanism of action, influencing factors, and the competence of different ultrasonication applications (drying, irradiation, extraction, pasteurization, cooking, tempering, etc.) in preserving the color of food. It was concluded that ultrasonication treatments provide low-temperature processing at a short time, which positively influences the color properties. However, selecting optimum ultrasonic processing conditions (frequency, power, time, etc.) is crucial for each food to obtain the best color. The key challenges and limitations of the technique and possible future applications are also covered in the paper, serving as a touchstone for further research in this area.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfScopus135WoS118OpenAlex129
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2
    Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles

    Karaali, Rabi

    The objective of this study was to search the effects of the inlet air compressor pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration plants that are absorption cooling (ab), basic (bsc), air heating (airh), and air fuel heating (airfh) cogeneration systems by using the first law and the second law of thermodynamics, and the exergy analysis methods. For analysis, a program is written by the author in the FORTRAN programming language. Decreasing the atmospheric pressure or increasing the installation altitude of the plants increases the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy) of the four cycles about 10-13%. Also, decreasing inlet air pressure decreases the specific work about 25-28%, and the fuel energy saving ratio of the four cycles decreases about 29-30%. The method of water spray cooling of the compressor inlet air especially in the summer months, the humidity increases and the evaporative cooling can be obtained. By using this method, the ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy can be decreased for the four cycles about 0.5-2%. Also, the specific work of the four cycles can be increased about 1.2-6%.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
    AtıfOpenAlex4
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2
    Investigations of low-velocity impact behaviour of single-lap joints having dissimilar hybrid composite adherends through cohesive zone model approach

    Erbayrak, Engin

    The low-velocity impact behavior of single-lap joints was investigated in this study. In single-lap joints, woven carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) and plain woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRE) laminates as well as a hybrid composite laminate (HCGFRE), which is formed by stacking carbon and glass composite laminates, are used as adherends. Araldite 2011 and Araldite 138 M/HV998 epoxy adhesives were used with different mechanical properties for joining similar and dissimilar composite adherends. Low-velocity impact tests were carried out with 40 J impact energy. Reaction force-time and impact energy-time graphs were obtained from the experimental study as impact response. In numerical analyses, the damage approach of composite adherend was modeled using composite stress-based failure model (Mat 59) and adhesives were modeled utilizing a mixed-mode cohesive zone model (Mat 138) that existed in LS-DYNA explicit finite element software. It was seen that the numerical results indicated a similar tendency with the experimental results due to the modeling of the adhesives using the proper cohesive zone model, the application of correct boundary conditions, and the selection of the correct contact type.

    AtıfScopus9WoS9OpenAlex10
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2
    EXTRACTIVES IN THERMALLY MODIFIED TROPICAL HARDWOODS

    Esteves, Bruno; Ayata, Umit; Cruz-Lopes, Luísa; Brás, Isabel; Ferreira, José; Domingos, Idalina

    Chemical composition of wood is known to change during thermal treatments. Two species grown in Turkey, afrormosia (Pericopsis elata) and duka (Tapirira guianensis) were heat treated according to Thermowood® method. Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives in dichloromethane, ethanol and water were determined. Wood extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with mass detection and existing compounds were identified by NIST17 database. Results show that hemicelluloses and cellulose content decreased for both heat-treated woods along the treatment while lignin percentage increased. The analysis of extractives has shown several compounds normally associated to lignin thermal degradation that increased along the treatment. At the same time several compounds associated to carbohydrate thermal degradation were found in all the extracts for both heat-treated woods. These founding have allowed the understanding of the degradation pattern of wood during thermal modification. There was not much difference between afrormosia and duka woods structural compounds behaviour along thermal modification. However, the variation of the amount of extractives along the treatment depended on the species.

    AtıfScopus20WoS20OpenAlex16
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele