Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Özdemir, Akın(10)
- Kutlu, Naciye(9)
- Uçurum, Metin(7)
- Dertli, Enes(6)
- Tozlu, Alperen(5)
- Şahin, Engin(5)
- Serencam, Hüseyin(4)
- Teke, Çağatay(4)
- Özahi, Emrah(4)
- Bayram, Sinan(3)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(3)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(3)
- Kamiloglu, Aybike(3)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(3)
- Ozdemir, Akin(3)
- Tayfur, Bilal(3)
- Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin(3)
- Çelik, Saffet(3)
- Abdioglu, Murat(2)
- Abuşoğlu, Ayşegül(2)
- Can, Zehra(2)
- Daloğlu, Ayşe T.(2)
- Kara, Yakup(2)
- Karaali, Rabi(2)
- Muslu, Asli(2)
- Ozkat, Erkan Caner(2)
- Ozturk, U. Kemal(2)
- Abca, Tuğba Elbir(1)
- Aksuoğlu, Selmani(1)
- Alamoudi, Mohammed(1)
- Alidrisi, Hassan M.(1)
- Altuncu, Fatma Kübra(1)
- Arici, M.(1)
- Arslantürk, Cihat(1)
- Açikyildiz, Metin(1)
- Baluken, Pınar(1)
- Baslar, Mehmet(1)
- Bayram, Nesrin Ecem(1)
- Baştürk, Fatma Nur(1)
- Bekar, Fevzi(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Finite element analysis driven optimization of an electrodynamic levitation system with permanent magnet Halbach arrays
Ozkat, Erkan Caner; Abdioglu, Murat; Ozturk, U. Kemal
This study presents a finite element analysis (FEA)-driven optimization for the design of an electrodynamic levitation (EDL) system incorporating permanent magnet Halbach arrays (PM-HAs). The primary objective is to maximize the net force difference between lift (Fy) and drag (Fx) forces under realistic physical and manufacturing constraints. The nonlinear electromagnetic behavior of the EDL system is modeled using high-fidelity FEA, capturing the complex interaction between the PM-HA and a conductive plate. At each iteration of the population-based optimization algorithm, full magnetoquasistatic simulations are performed to ensure a physically accurate evaluation of key performance metrics. A comprehensive parametric study involving 256 distinct PM-HA configurations reveals a non-monotonic relationship between the number of magnets and levitation performance, highlighting the critical role of magnetic field distribution. Configurations with 9 to 11 magnets achieve the highest net levitation force. The optimization results indicate that the optimal configuration includes four horizontally aligned permanent magnets (PMs) with a width of 74.00 mm and three vertically aligned PMs with a width of 74.67 mm, along with a 7 mm thick conductive plate having a conductivity of 5 ×107 S/m. This design delivers a maximum lift force of 3550 N and a minimum drag force of 279 N at 100 m/s. The findings demonstrate that effective EDL system design requires a carefully arranged magnet configuration rather than a simple maximization of magnet count or size. The proposed FEA-guided framework offers a robust and scalable methodology for the optimization of high-performance Maglev systems.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2Valorization of pickled cabbage waste as a novel pectin source: Optimization, characterization
Erten, Tayyibe; Cebeci Aydın, Fatma
Recovery of food ingredients from agro-industrial by-products has become increasingly essential for sustainable food production through energy saving and lessening the carbon footprint. Pickled white cabbage production generates high amounts of pickled cabbage waste that contain valuable goods such as pectin. This study aimed to evaluate the valorization of pectin from pickled cabbage waste by comparing the conventional (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The UAE provided 2.14 times higher pectin yield (30.32%) compared to CE (14.14%) while reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission (~ 7 times lower). Pectins obtained from conventional extraction (CEP) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEP) had high amounts of galacturonic acid (85.06 ± 1.76%, 87.95 ± 6.99%, respectively) and low degree of esterification (17.08 ± 1.14%, 14.71 ± 0.00%). The monosaccharide compositions of pectin were similar for CEP and UEP, comprising of galacturonic acid, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and xylose. FT-IR, NMR and SEM confirmed the structural characteristics of pectins, and the effect of ultrasonication. Furthermore, UEP presented superior technological characteristics including water holding capacity (5.29 ± 0.38 g water/g pectin), oil holding capacity (1.58 ± 0.11 g oil/g pectin), emulsion activity (43.61 ± 1.12%) and emulsion stability compared to CEP. These findings show that pickled cabbage waste is a valuable source of low-methoxyl pectins and UAE is a promising extraction method for obtaining high amount of pectin along with reduced processing time and energy consumption. The UAE method using of citric acid instead of hazardous acids also offers environment-friendly method for pectin extraction.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of calcium carbonate in the rotary-vibration mill with a fuzzy-based taguchi experimental method
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin
Ultra-fine calcium carbonate (UCC) is used as a filler material in polymers, and after a surface modification (coating) process, its surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. However, conventional coating techniques such as raymond and pin mills are widely used in the industry; there is still a need for new, inexpensive, and practical methods. Mechanochemical technologies are considered one of the most effective alternatives. The rotary-vibration mill (RVM) works mechanically and is characterized by low investment and operating costs. There are three main contributions in this paper. First, a fuzzy-based Taguchi experimental design is proposed to analyze a fuzzy response under uncertainty. Second, the surface modification of UCC with stearic acid was carried out using RMV, with five modification parameters and an active ratio fuzzy response. Moreover, the results indicate that RVMs are an alternative mechanochemical surface modification technology for preparing coated calcium carbonate (CCC). Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), contact angle, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Analysis), TGA-DTA (Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Thermal Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses were conducted for the coated calcium carbonate (CCC) acquired from the optimum conditions of the modification study.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Production of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid by Levilactobacillus brevis AK19B: Strain Characterization and Process Optimization Using Box–Behnken Design
Memiş, Habibe; Kamiloğlu, Aybike
Levilactobacillus brevis AK19B strain demonstrated promising probiotic potential as a hydrophilic lactic acid bacterium with valuable phytase activity. It also exhibited strong antioxidant properties and maintained viability in bile salt-rich environments, suggesting robustness in gastrointestinal conditions. To maximize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, a Box–Behnken design was applied to assess the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and temperature. The results showed that these factors significantly influenced GABA synthesis, with their interactions well-modeled by a quadratic response surface. Optimal conditions were identified as pH 5.136, MSG concentration of 297 mM, temperature at 26 °C, and NaCl concentration of 2.82%, under which the predicted GABA production reached 43.85 mg/mL. These findings highlight AK19B as a promising candidate for functional food applications and industrial GABA biosynthesis.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ3An exergoeconomic analysis of a wastewater treatment plant: investigation and optimization of sludge drying—a case study
Dagci, O.; Tozlu, A.; Berber, A.
The primary parameters in wastewater treatment plant applications are pollutant removal in compliance with standards and energy costs. This study conducts exergy, exergoeconomic, and optimization analyses on the Konya Wastewater Treatment Plant to enhance its energy efficiency. All assessments of the plant were based on actual operational data. Numerical calculations were executed using Engineering Equation Solver software. Exergoeconomic analyses were performed using the Specific Cost Method, while optimization calculations employed the Net Present Value approach. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that the exergy efficiency of the biogas engine was 30.8%, which increased to 39.8% when integrated into a cogeneration system. The overall exergy efficiency of the plant was calculated to be 35.3%, which rose to 58.6% when stabilized sludge was utilized as fuel. During the optimization phase, various drying systems were evaluated, and a hybrid greenhouse-solar-panel drying system was identified as the optimal model. The analyses indicated that the total cost was minimized at the maximum dryness value (70%), suggesting that the greenhouse-type drying system could achieve regional conditions. Compared to thermal and solar energy systems, hybrid systems have been observed to offer significant advantages in first-year costs. Optimization studies reveal that hybrid systems provide 41% greater cost savings in initial investment and operational expenses compared to thermal systems, and 29% greater savings compared to solar energy systems. Meeting the system's energy demand with fossil fuels results in annual emissions of 76,850 tons of CO₂ and 1500 tons of harmful pollutants, equivalent to removing 19,000 cars from traffic or preserving 7300 hectares of forest. Significant soil and ecosystem degradation also occurs. The use of solar energy substantially reduces these environmental impacts, improving air quality and conserving natural resources.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Energy, exergy and economic optimization application of integrated dual-loop organic rankine cycle: A case of shopping mall power plant
Topcu, Muhammed Taha; Tozlu, Alperen; Bilen, Kadir
This paper presents a thermoeconomic analysis of the Dual-Loop Organic Rankine Cycle (DORC) integrated into the Erzurum Mall Power Plant (EMPP). The DORC system is designed to utilize waste heat at 425 degrees C and 9 kg/s, producing additional power for the existing plant. The integration of dual-loop ORC systems with different critical temperature fluids into an operational facility is analyzed. High-temperature cycles use working fluids such as Toluene, MDM (octamethylcyclotrisiloxane), n-Nonane, and n-Octane, while refrigerants R236fa, R600a, and R124 are employed in the low-temperature cycles. The designed model demonstrates that up to 11.4 % of the plant's existing capacity can be added as extra power. The Toluene/R600a combination is identified as the best fluid pair, delivering the highest total net power output (653.4 kW), the lowest total cost rate (19.18 $/h), and the highest exergy efficiency (20.18 %). Optimization of the DORC system is performed using the NSGA-II in MATLAB. For the toluene/R600a pair, the optimization results show an increase of 13.52 % in the net power output and decrease of 1.48 % in the total cost rate, which is a significant improvement over the initial results.
AtıfWoS3OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Broadband Multilayer Absorber Design Using Double-Stage Cognitive Seeker Optimization Algorithm
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus; Korkmaz, Huseyin; Iliev, Teodor
In this paper, a double-stage cognitive seeker optimization (DSC-SO) algorithm is developed for evaluating optimum design parameters of broadband microwave absorbers. The algorithm not only gives freedom of selecting different number of layers and optimizing the order of layers and their thickness in different stages (double-stage) but also utilizes a cognitive search to improve the optimization. Contributions of the cognitive search and the two stages of our algorithm are first examined to show its efficiency. Then, its performance has been evaluated for two different optimization problems (a broadband absorber for one incidence angle and a broadband absorber with multiple incidence angles) in comparison with similar algorithms in the literature. It has been shown that our algorithm determines either fewer number of layers or smaller overall absorber thickness or both when compared with the results of other algortihms. Finally, the effect of fabrication tolerance is conducted to examine the importance of fewer number of layers.
AtıfScopus3WoS1OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of Hemp Seed (Cannabis sativa L.) Protein Extraction and Glycation Conditions by Response Surface Methodology: Physicochemical, Functional, and Thermal Characteristics
Yüzer, Elvan; Kutlu, Naciye; Yüzer, Mustafa Onur
In this study, first, optimization using the response surface method was implemented to obtain the highest yield of protein isolate from defatted hemp seed under different extraction conditions. Optimum extraction conditions were determined with 0% salt concentration, 12 pH value, and 49°C temperature. The protein isolate produced under optimum conditions was subjected to the glycation process, and the glycation conditions were also optimized. The optimum conditions for glycation were determined as a protein isolate: sugar ratio of 1.6:1, temperature of 60°C, and time of 90 min, providing the most suitable glycation degrees and browning indices. There was no statistical difference between the glycated protein isolate obtained under these conditions and the nonglycated protein isolate in terms of emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index. For total phenolic–flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity, the sugar complex caused a decrease in these values. In addition, there was a high positive correlation between bioactive compounds. SEM micrographs showed relationships between hemp seed protein isolate and sugar, and these interactions led to a spongy three-dimensional microstructure. When the FTIR results were analyzed, the glycated isolate had stronger absorption at 3300–3200 cm−1 compared to the nonglycated isolate. In conclusion, this study reports important findings in terms of functional and characteristic properties of how monosaccharides affect glycation.
AtıfScopus1WoS1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimized model updating and site-specific seismic assessment of a historical masonry bridge
Tayfur, Bilal
This study comprehensively evaluates an 800-year-old masonry bridge using advanced non-destructive testing techniques, an innovative model update process, and site-specific ground motion analysis. Employing Operational Modal Analysis, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, and Schmidt Hammer tests, the research meticulously characterized the structural dynamic properties. The preliminary finite element model was rigorously refined utilizing the Tabu Search optimization algorithm by minimizing discrepancies between numerical and experimental modal parameters. Site-specific earthquake records, carefully selected and prepared in accordance with the Turkish Building Earthquake Code, were applied to conduct detailed time-history analyses across 11 distinct ground motion records. Despite experiencing stresses approaching critical thresholds, the bridge demonstrated remarkable structural integrity. While the findings indicate the bridge’s structural soundness under current seismic hazard analysis criteria, the results notably emphasize that the frequency content similarities between the structure and ground motion are more critical for seismic performance assessment than peak ground acceleration (PGA) values, underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring given the region’s complex tectonic characteristics.
AtıfScopus5WoS3OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of fly ash with high calcium oxide (CaO) content to use as a filling material
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay
Fly ash (FA) is the fine-grained waste product obtained by burning coal after being ground to specific sizes in thermal power plants, carried with flue gases, and kept in cyclones or electro-filters. Like every industrial waste, the possibilities of utilizing FA have been investigated, and it can be utilized as an additive in cement and concrete. Despite this, industrial waste, which increases daily in the world, brings many problems, especially environmental problems. For this reason, alternative usage areas of the waste in question are constantly being investigated. In this paper, FA containing approximately 50 % CaO from Afşin-Elbistan, Turkiye was processed with stearic acid in a planetary mill to be used as a filling material in industrial products, and it has a grain size of 68.10 μm on a d50 basis, a specific surface area (SSA) of 176.40 m2/g and a contact angle of 13.89. An optimization and characterization study was conducted to make the hydrophilic surface structure hydrophobic by mechanochemical surface modification. Also, surface modification parameters, such as operational speed (rpm), ball filling ratio (%), FA filling ratio (%), pulp density, stearic acid dosage (% of FA), and modification time (min.) were optimized with the D-optimal experimental design. Based on the optimum surface modification parameters, a coated fly ash (CFA) product was obtained with an active ratio of 99.70 %, a contact angle of 95.06o, a medium size (d50) size of 10.60 μm, and an SSA of 926.90 m2/g.
AtıfScopus8WoS8OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3Optimization of asymmetric bioreduction conditions of 1-indanone by Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6 using a face-centered design-based multi-objective optimization model
Alamoudi, Mohammed; Özdemir, Akın; Dertli, Enes; Bolubaid, Mohammed; Alidrisi, Hassan M.; Taylan, Osman; Yılmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Şahin, Engin
There has been an increasing interest in biocatalysts over the past few decades in order to obtain high efficiency, high yield, and environmentally benign procedures aiming at the manufacture of pharmacologically relevant chemicals. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), a microbial group, can be employed as biocatalysts while performing asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones. In this study, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6 was used for the asymmetric bioreduction 1-indanone. And then, a novel and innovative face-centered design-based multi-objective optimization model was used to optimize experimental conditions. Also, the experimental design factors were defined as agitation speed, incubation period, pH, and temperature for optimization to acquire the maximum enantiomeric excess (ee) and conversion rate (cr) values. When using the face-centered design-based multi-objective optimization model, the optimum culture conditions corresponded to 96.34 and 99.42%, ee and cr responses, respectively, were pH = 5.87, incubation temperature = 35 °C, incubation period = 50.88 h, and agitation speed = 152.60 rpm. Notably, the validation experiment under the optimum model conditions confirmed the model results. This study demonstrated the importance of the optimization and the efficiency of the face-centered design-based multi-objective model.
AtıfScopus1WoS9OpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasonic assisted extraction of water-soluble vitamins from minor components of bee pollen with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent
Çelik, Saffet; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
In this study, different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for vitamin extraction from bee pollen. The DES combination with the highest total amount of individual vitamins was choline chloride: ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2). The response surface method was then used to optimize the extraction conditions. The independent variables used for optimization were ultrasonic power, time, and temperature, while the dependent variables were the total individual amino acids, total individual phenolic compounds, and total individual vitamin contents. Spectrophotometric analyses and antimicrobial activity were also determined in the extracts. In addition, AGREEprep, ComplexGAPI and BAGI tools were used to evaluate the greenness of the method. The results obtained with DES were compared with water, ethanol, and methanol extracts, which were considered control groups. As a result of optimization, the optimum conditions were found to be 75 % for ultrasonic power, 71.5 min for sonication time, and 40 °C for ultrasonic bath temperature. The model's composite desirability value (d) was found to be 0.81. The predicted value and the experimental values were close to each other. Furthermore, the most dominant vitamin in DES extracts was ascorbic acid, the most dominant amino acid was proline, and the most dominant phenolic compound was myricetin. The amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained from water, ethanol, and methanol extracts. The spectrophotometric analysis results obtained higher yields with DES compared to the control groups. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that pollen extracts prepared using choline chloride: ethylene glycol had a weak inhibitory effect for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but not yeast-like fungal strains. In conclusion, DES has been successfully used to extract vitamins and other bioactive compounds from bee pollen. The results obtained showed that DESs can be an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of vitamins, which are among the minor components of bee pollen. Besides, the potential of the application different DESs for more efficient extraction of vitamins and components with important pharmaceutical properties from bee pollen needs to be evaluated in detail.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from persimmon calyx
Kutlu, Naciye; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Abca, Tuğba Elbir; Yilmaz, Özlem
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) calyx by deep eutectic solvents (DES) with different molar ratios. For this reason, the prepared DES extracts’ total phenolic–flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity [DPPH•], Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) were investigated as a result of the experimental design and optimization study conducted for this purpose. A sonication time of 20 min was determined as the optimal condition. Under these conditions, a molar ratio of 1.9:1 (lactic acid:choline chloride) and a water ratio of 70% provided the highest phenolic/flavonoid compounds and antioxidative activity. Correlations among water ratio, molar ratio, and sonication time were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). In conditions where total flavonoid compound, FRAP, and DPPH• are high due to PCA, it can be concluded that the sonication time is at high level; on the contrary, the water and molar ratios are at low level. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction using DES proved effective in persimmon calyx. Therefore, it can be recommended to use these environmentally friendly green solvents as an alternative to organic solvents in preparing extracts in various fields. Practical Application: This study shows the effectiveness of the ultrasound-assisted green extraction method using persimmon calyx specified as waste. These findings are compelling in the food industry in terms of consumers being now aware of green technology and the discovery that calyx is a good source of bioactive compounds.
AtıfScopus19WoS21OpenAlex23İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1District heating based on exhaust gas produced from end-of-life tires in Erzincan: Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization
Güngör, Osman; Tozlu, Alperen; Arslantürk, Cihat; Özahi, Emrah
This paper presents the thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of the Erzincan Waste Tire Recycling and Power Plant (EWTRPP) in Turkey and its waste heat-based district heating (DH) system. A thermoeconomical method, namely the specific exergy costing (SPECO), is applied to allocate cost flows through subcomponents of an actual existing plant. Besides, the obtained thermoeconomic results are improved by using an optimization method, namely non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), considering the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged to the atmosphere (T25), the thermal conductivity value of the insulation material (ki) and pipe roughness value (s). The energy and exergy efficiencies of the existing plant are found to be 27.37% and 35.57%, respectively, considering the data of the actual plant. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the waste heat-based DH system are found to be 43.08% and 55.99%, respectively. The total cost rate of the overall system is deduced 13.98 $/hby means of SPECO method. According to the results of the NSGA-II optimization method, the exergy efficiency and total cost rate of the overall system are evaluated as 6.93% and −2.51 $/h, respectively. Furthermore, it is also proposed that 1304 dwellings can be heated owing to the DH system utilizing the existing exhaust gas.
AtıfScopus9WoS8OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ2Effect of different carbon sources on exopolysaccharide production of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KS27 and optimization of production conditions using Box-Behnken designing
Bekar, Fevzi; Kamiloglu, Aybike
This study aimed to determine the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KS27 depending on temperature, incubation time, and medium composition and to determine the optimum conditions. Characterization was carried out for the exopolysaccharide produced under optimum conditions. In the study, three different conditions (25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C) were used for temperature, glycerol, and sucrose as media, and three different periods (24 h, 36 h, and 48 h) were used. It was determined that the solubility of EPS produced under optimal conditions had the highest water content (98 ± 0.01%), while the water binding capacity was also found to be as high as 1970 ± 0.01% and complied with common EPS characteristics. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed a gradual deterioration up to 191.88 °C and a slow decline up to 400 °C. FTIR analysis deciphered peak values between 3289 and 517 cm−1, and functional groups were detected. When the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum was examined, a heterogeneous structure appropriate to the structure of EPS was found by defining the peak entities in three separate regions.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1Optimum design of steel frames against progressive collapse by guided simulated annealing algorithm
Tayfur, Bilal; Daloğlu, Ayşe T.
In this paper, a Guided Simulated Annealing (GSA) algorithm is presented to optimize 2D and 3D steel frames against Progressive Collapse. Considering the nature of structural optimization problems, a number of restrictions and improvements have been applied to the decision mechanisms of the algorithm without harming the randomness. With these improvements, the algorithm aims to focus relatively on the flawed variables of the analyzed frame. Besides that, it is intended to be more rational by instituting structural constraints on the sections to be selected as variables. In addition to the LRFD restrictions, the alternate path method with nonlinear dynamic procedure is used to assess the risk of progressive collapse, as specified in the US Department of Defense United Facilities Criteria (UFC) Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse. The entire optimization procedure was carried out on a C# software that supports parallel processing developed by the authors, and the frames were analyzed in SAP2000 using OAPI. Time history analyses of the removal scenarios are distributed to the processor cores in order to reduce computational time. The GSA produced 3% lighter structure weights than the SA (Simulated Annealing) and 4% lighter structure weights than the GA (Genetic Algorithm) for the 2D steel frame. For the 3D model, the GSA obtained 3% lighter results than the SA. Furthermore, it is clear that the UFC and LRFD requirements differ when the acceptance criteria are examined. It has been observed that the moment capacity of the entire frame is critical when designing according to UFC.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1A Multi-response Nonlinear Programming Model with an Inscribed Design to Optimize Bioreduction Conditions of (S)-phenyl (pyridin-2-yl)methanol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13
Özdemir, Akın; Şahin, Engin
Asymmetric bioreductions have the potential to synthesize chiral alcohols when catalyzed by biocatalysts. Nevertheless, the (S)-phenyl (pyridin-2-yl)methanol ((S)-2) analgesic synthesis poses significant challenges concerning unsatisfactory substrate amount and production method. Thus, this study proposes an inscribed design-focused multi-response nonlinear optimization model for the asymmetric reduction of the phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (1) with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13 biocatalyst. From the novel inscribed design-focused multi-response nonlinear optimization model, optimization conditions of the reaction, such as pH = 6, temperature = 29 °C, incubation time = 53 h, and agitation speed = 153 rpm, were found. Also, the reaction conversion was predicted to be 99%, and the product of the enantiomeric excess (ee) was 98.4% under the obtained optimization conditions. (S)-2 was obtained with 99% ee, 99% conversion, and 98% yield while performing a validation experiment using the determined optimized conditions. In addition, 1 with the amount of 11.9 g was converted entirely to (S)-2 (11.79 g, 98% isolated yield) on a high gram scale. Also, this study is noted as the first example of the gram-scale production of (S)-2 using an optimization strategy and biocatalyst. Further, the applicability of the inscribed design-focused optimization model in biocatalytic reactions has been demonstrated and provides an effective process for the analgesic synthesis of (S)-2, which is a green, cost-effective method of producing chiral aryl heteroaryl methanol.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles using Green Coffee Beans: An Optimization Study
Baluken, Pınar; Kamiloglu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye
In this study, ultrasonication extraction of some bioactive compounds from green coffee beans was optimized with the response surface method using Box-Behnken experimental design. The best condition was selected as 90.90 W ultrasonic power, 33.63 min sonication time and 30 % solid concentration. The responses obtained under optimum conditions had TPC, DPPH and CUPRAC values identified as 6603.33±2025.94 ppm GAE, 9638.31±372.17 ppm TE and 98.83 mmol, respectively. Microwave-assisted selenium nanoparticle production was carried out using the extract obtained under optimized conditions. The produced selenium nanoparticles showed absorbance between 350–400 nm. The surface morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spherical nanoparticles of about 100 nm were produced. Functional groups affecting the reduction were determined by FTIR analysis. In addition, the produced selenium nanoparticles had amorphous (non-uniform) structure and could maintain their stability at high temperatures.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3Machine learning driven optimization and parameter selection of multi-surface HTS Maglev
Ozkat, Erkan Caner; Abdioglu, Murat; Ozturk, U. Kemal
This research aims to tackle the challenges posed by precise force measurement for high temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev systems, including mechanical constraints, step motor limitations, and sensor resolutions. For this aim, six machine learning (ML) models namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Extreme Machine Learning (EML), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were developed to predict levitation force (Fz) and lateral force (Fx) based on process parameters including permanent magnet width (PMW), field cooling height (FCH), the movement in the z-axis (vertical distance), and the movement in the x-axis (lateral distance). Among six ML models, CNN emerged as the most accurate model, demonstrating smaller root mean square deviation (RMSD) without compromising correlation coefficients. Furthermore, an innovative process window approach was introduced to select process parameters that simultaneously meet the minimum value of Fz and maximum value of Fx, named β1 and β2, set at 90 N and 0 N, respectively. Within this window, PMW of 30 mm and z values less than 10 mm were found to be consistent for all FCH and x values. The novelty of this study is to formulate the optimisation problem in HTS Maglev using the developed ML model by addressing two specific objectives one of which focuses on maximizing Fz while ensuring Fx remains within a defined tolerance (β3), representing the minimum allowable ratio of the levitation force to the total force, and the second problem aims to maximize Fz while obtaining zero Fx. The optimum PMW, FCH, x, and z values were obtained at 30 mm, 30 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm, corresponding to Fz and Fx values of 224.2 N and -53.8 N for option 1. As for option 2, the process parameters were obtained as 28.6 mm, 25.9 mm, 0 mm, and 5 mm, corresponding to Fz and Fx values of 194.2 N and 0 N. It was obtained both experimentally and by the optimization that Fz reaches close its maximum as the Fx gains attractive character. Hence, it is expected that the outcomes of this study will significantly benefit the design of HTS Maglev systems and find valuable applications across various transportation engineering projects.
AtıfScopus21WoS18İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1The application of deep eutectic solvents for protein extraction from bee bread (Perga)
Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Yıldırım, Nazlıcan
Bee bread is one of the basic nutrients that bees use as a protein source and is formed as a result of the fermentation of bee pollen. In the last few years, this product has become increasingly recognized and consumed among bee products due to its functional properties. However, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have attracted great interest in recent years as promising green alternatives to replace traditional solvents due to their variable viscosity, low vapor pressure, application-specific adjustability, non-flammability and chemical stability. In this study, bee bread was extracted in 12 different DES with different hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA):hydrogen bond donor (HBD) combinations. The DES combination with the highest total protein content was determined to be choline chloride (ChCl)-urea. Then, ultrasonic extraction conditions were optimized for maximum bioactive extraction in extracts prepared with ChCl-urea. The optimum conditions were found as 31.3 %, 25 min, 35 °C for ultrasonic power, extraction time and temperature, respectively. The desirability value (d) of the model was 0.83. The extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content, total protein content, individual polyphenolics, individual amino acids and individual vitamins as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity tests. According to the results, total protein, total individual amino acids and total individual phenolics were higher in the extracts obtained with ChCl-urea compared to the extract prepared with conventional solvent (ethanol). In conclusion, all these findings showed that ChCl-urea combination can be an alternative to ethanol depending on the structural characteristics of the target compounds to be extracted from bee bread.
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