Optimized model updating and site-specific seismic assessment of a historical masonry bridge

This study comprehensively evaluates an 800-year-old masonry bridge using advanced non-destructive testing techniques, an innovative model update process, and site-specific ground motion analysis. Employing Operational Modal Analysis, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, and Schmidt Hammer tests, the research meticulously characterized the structural dynamic properties. The preliminary finite element model was rigorously refined utilizing the Tabu Search optimization algorithm by minimizing discrepancies between numerical and experimental modal parameters. Site-specific earthquake records, carefully selected and prepared in accordance with the Turkish Building Earthquake Code, were applied to conduct detailed time-history analyses across 11 distinct ground motion records. Despite experiencing stresses approaching critical thresholds, the bridge demonstrated remarkable structural integrity. While the findings indicate the bridge’s structural soundness under current seismic hazard analysis criteria, the results notably emphasize that the frequency content similarities between the structure and ground motion are more critical for seismic performance assessment than peak ground acceleration (PGA) values, underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring given the region’s complex tectonic characteristics.