Yazarlar
- Tozlu, Alperen(15)
- Kul, Sinan(13)
- Kutlu, Naciye(12)
- Cuce, Erdem(8)
- Cuce, Pinar Mert(8)
- Uçurum, Metin(8)
- Gökçe, H.S.(7)
- Kamiloğlu, Aybike(7)
- Özahi, Emrah(6)
- Şahin, Engin(6)
- Ayata, Ümit(5)
- Ecem Bayram, Nesrin(5)
- Ekmekyapar Torun, Fatma(5)
- Guclu, Tamer(5)
- Gökçe, H. Süleyman(5)
- Serencam, Huseyin(5)
- Yilmaz, Fatih(5)
- Özdemir, Akın(5)
- Bayram, Sinan(4)
- Cengiz, Ibrahim(4)
- Elbir Abca, Tuğba(4)
- Gerçek, Yusuf Can(4)
- Gökçe, H. S.(4)
- Karbancioglu-Guler, Funda(4)
- Mercan, Emin(4)
- Serencam, Hüseyin(4)
- Sert, Durmuş(4)
- Teke, Çağatay(4)
- Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar(4)
- Tozlu, A.(4)
- İrdemez, Şahset(4)
- Abusoglu, Aysegul(3)
- Abuşoğlu, Ayşegül(3)
- Baştürk, Fatma Nur(3)
- Bingül, Züleyha(3)
- Can, Zehra(3)
- Duran, Celal(3)
- Kamiloğlu, Hakan Alper(3)
- Karakaş, İbrahim Hakkı(3)
- Kırkıncı, Seran(3)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ1Properties of NaOH activated geopolymer with marble, travertine and volcanic tuff wastes
Tekin, Ilker
In this study, geopolymer composite pastes (GCM) were produced using wastes of marble, travertine and natural pozzolan, with 1 M, 5 M and 10 M NaOH as alkali-activator. Curing process were done at 20, 45 and 75 °C temperatures for 24 h in an oven. And after that GCMs were exposed to wet and dry condition separately. The strength tests were done on the 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 28th and 90th days of curing period. The compressive strengths of the specimens in the wet conditions were reduced depending on time, but in dry conditions were increased with curing time.
AtıfScopus137WoS117OpenAlex149
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1Performance investigation of a jet loop membrane bioreactor for the treatment of an actual olive mill wastewater
Değermenci, Nejdet; Cengiz, İbrahim; Yildiz, Ergun; Nuhoglu, Alper
In this study, following the pre-treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW), its treatment in a jet loop membrane bioreactor (JLMBR) was investigated. Among the pre-treatment options, the configuration composed of physical settling, cartridge filter and ceramic membrane showed the best performance in terms of investigated parameters. For the JLMBR that was fed by pretreated OMW, up to 93 and 87% removal efficiencies were achieved for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol, respectively, at volumetric organic load (VOL) of 17.8 kg COD/m3 day. The calculated specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) values were in the range 7.7–34.7 g O2/kg MLVSS h. When even hydraulic retention times (HRT) values decreased by a factor of 1:24, system performance in terms of COD and total phenol removal remained almost stable. Decreasing the sludge retention time (SRT) to three days made considerable perturbations for the system performance, increasing the effluent COD and total phenol values in 900 and 80 mg/L, respectively. The JLMBR showed a high overall performance for the treatment of an actual OMW under the evaluated operational conditions.
AtıfScopus33WoS28OpenAlex33
İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ4Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system
Karaali, R.
There is a need for cooling by using the waste heat energy in food industry. Absorption cycles can be driven by waste thermal, geothermal, solar or industrial processes energies. In this study, cascade refrigeration system is thermodynamically modeled, and analyzed by using first law of thermodynamics, and exergy method. Thermodynamic properties such as pressure, temperature, entropy, enthalpy, exergy, mass flow rate in each stream are calculated for 50, 75, 100?C and for 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa pump pressure. A computer program is used that was prepared in FORTRAN by the author for the analyses. It is found that the compression-absorption cascade cooling cycle is appropriate for most of the kind of waste heat applications. Increase of the generator inlet heat temperature increases the generator inlet heat, the absorber outlet heat and the condenser 2 outlet heat energies and decreases the coefficient of performance of the absorption and the overall cycles. The generator heat decreases with increase of the pump pressure. Also increase of the pump pressure decreases the coefficient of performance of the absorption and the overall cycles. Increase of the pump pressure and the generator temperature decreases the exergetic coefficient of performance. Increase of the generator temperature and pump pressure increases the generator inlet exergy. It is concluded that increase of the generator temperature and the pump pressure increases the total destructed exergy of the cycle.
AtıfScopus10WoS5OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ3Investigation of the cyanide leaching optimization for ultrafine grinding gold–silver ore
Birol, Onur; Uçurum, Metin
In recent years, the ultrafine grinding (UFG) process has become increasingly important for the recovery of precious metals (especially for Au and Ag) from raw ores. It is well known that cyanide leaching of gold–silver ore has been an accepted process in the world. In the current study, UFG was proposed as a pretreatment method prior to cyanide leaching of a gold–silver ore. First, the ore was crushed and ground by jaw, cone crusher, and ring mill, respectively. Particle size of ground product was 75 µm based d80. Second, the fine product was subjected to the grinding process by vertical wet stirred ball mill, and the final ultrafine product was used as leach feed material. The leach feed material had about d80 = 20 µm and d50 = 6.02 µm particle size. Some important leaching parameters were optimized by using the ultrafine powder in the study. The final leach experiments demonstrated that the recoveries of Au and Ag were 91.92% and 82.15% under optimum leaching conditions such as 150 kg/t quicklime dosage, 25% pulp density, 85°C leach temperature, 500 g/t cyanide concentration, and 90 h leaching time.
AtıfScopus11WoS10OpenAlex11İncele - Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ1Renewable and sustainable energy saving strategies for greenhouse systems: A comprehensive review
Cuce, Erdem; Harjunowibowo, Dewanto; Cuce, Pinar Mert
In this study, a comprehensive review focusing on key strategies of energy saving and climate control technologies for greenhouses is presented. Following the brief and concise assessment of existing greenhouse systems in terms of their role in total energy consumption; cost-effective, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies are analyzed in detail for potential utilization in greenhouses for notable reductions in energy consumption and emission levels. The technologies considered within the scope of this research are mainly renewable and sustainable based solutions such as photovoltaic (PV) modules, solar thermal (T) collectors, hybrid PV/T collectors and systems, phase change material (PCM) and underground based heat storage techniques, energy-efficient heat pumps, alternative facade materials for better thermal insulation and power generation (heat insulation solar glass, PV glazing, aerogel and vacuum insulation panel, polycarbonate sandwich panels), innovative ventilation technologies using pre-heating and cooling (high performance windcatchers) and efficient lighting systems. The findings from the research clearly reveal that up to 80% energy saving can be achieved through appropriate retrofit of conventional greenhouses with a payback period of 4-8 years depending on climatic conditions and crop type.
AtıfScopus354WoS302OpenAlex382İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ3Removal of Reactive Black 5 from wastewater using natural clinoptilolite modified with apolaccase
Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa; Kalkan, Ekrem; Celebi, Neslihan; Tasgin, Esen
In this study, a clinoptilolite modified with apolaccase was used to adsorb Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solution using the batch procedure. The influences of pH, contact time, temperature and absorbent dosage on the adsorption were investigated. The optimum adsorption was obtained at pH = 6, contact time = 60 min, temperature = 25 degrees C and adsorbent dosages of 1.62 and 1.59 mg/50 mL per gram of clinoptilolite and of apolaccase-modified clinoptilolite (LMC), respectively). The adsorption experimental data fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models well. In addition, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics were used to study the kinetics of RB5 dye adsorption onto natural clinoptilolite and LMC. Adsorption appears to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics with a high correlation coefficient. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in the free energy (Delta G degrees), enthalpy (Delta H degrees) and entropy (Delta S degrees) of adsorption were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of RB5 dye onto LMC was less spontaneous, feasible and endothermic. The LMC can be used as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the dye removal from aqueous solutions.
AtıfWoS8OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2Experimental study to remediate acid fuchsin dye using laccase-modified zeolite from aqueous solutions
Kalkan, Ekrem; Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa; Celebi, Neslihan; Celik, Hulya; Tasgin, Esen
This paper studies, the removal of acid fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions using zeolite natural material after its modification with laccase from Russulaceae (Lactarius volemus). Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage. The optimum results were obtained at pH 5, contact time of 60 min, temperature of 60ºC, and an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 mg/mL. The isotherm studies show that the adsorption experimental data are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacity found is 31 mg/g. The kinetics of AFD adsorption on LMZ is best described with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. Thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes indicate that the adsorption of Acid Fuchsin dye onto laccase-modified zeolite is feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic. The results show that laccase-modified zeolite can be used as an alternative lowcost adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions.
AtıfScopus33WoS27OpenAlex29İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2The effect of fly ash to self-compactability of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete
Kurt, Murat; Aydin, Abdulkadir Cüneyt; Gül, Muhammed Said; Gül, Rüstem; Kotan, Türkay
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of fly ash, different water/(cement + mineral additive) ratios and pumice aggregates to some physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete. In this study, pumice had been used as lightweight aggregates. Several properties of self-compacting pumice aggregate lightweight concretes like the unit weight, flow diameter, T50 time, flow diameter after an hour, V-funnel time, and L-box tests, 7, 28, 90 and 180-day compressive strength, 28-day splitting tensile strength, dry unit weight, water absorption, thermal conductivity and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were investigated. For this purpose, 18 series of concrete samples were prepared in two groups. Pumice aggregate was used as a replacement of natural aggregate, at the levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% by volume. Furthermore, a second series of 100% pumice aggregate was used for the production of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete with constant w/(c + m) ratios as 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 by weight. The flow diameters, T50 times, paste volumes, 28-day compressive strengths, dry unit weights and thermal conductivities of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete were obtained in the range of 600–800 mm, 2–8 s, 471–572 lt/m 3, 9.2–53.26 MPa, 839–2156 kg/m 3 and 0.321–1.508 W/mk, respectively, which satisfies not only the strength requirement of semi-structural lightweight concrete but also the flowing ability requirements and thermal conductivity requirements of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete.
AtıfScopus30OpenAlex36İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3Soil stabilization with using waste materials against freezing thawing effect
Yilmaz, F.; Kamiloʇlu, H.A.; Şadoʇlu, E.
Freezing-thawing processes hapenning in seasonally cold climate cause deformation of soil in time of freezing and strength loss while thawing. Problems of ground frost heave and soil softening belong to the important factors, that could cause serious damage and financial loss. Bayburt tuff and tuffites known as Bayburt Stone mines, located around Bayburt, play important role on economy of the Bayburt city. As a result of researches in 2005 total of 2 535 700 tons proved reserve were determined several places in Bayburt. The goal of this study is proving, that deposits of Green Bayburt Stone wastes, created in the stone quarries during the stone processing, can be used as a stabilizing material. By recycling the waste material rejected stone was mixed with lime and used as a soil stabilizator against freezing-thawing effect. Prepared natural and stabilized soil samples were subjected to freezing-thawing cycles after curing for 28 days. After the freezing-thawing cycles, compressive strength of the samples was measured to investigate the influence of the additives on the freezing-thawing properties of soil samples. As a result of this study, it was determined that samples stabilized with Green Bayburt Stone mixtures have high freezing-thawing durability as compared to unstabilized samples. As a consequence, it was seen that those mixtures can be successfully used as an additive material to enhance the freezing-thawing effects of cohessive soils.
AtıfScopus25WoS23OpenAlex28İncele - Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2013Scopus SJRQ1Toward a sustainable energy future in Turkey: An environmental perspective
Serencam, Huseyin; Serencam, Ugur
As long as the energy future of Turkey is concerned there is a consensus among all parties involved in the subject that a strong sustainability based on diverse range of renewable and variety of sources with efficient and fair use of energy is a must. The main criterion in this approach is to use energy with the least possible greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions. A shift in focus to meeting the needs of energy service sector will be immediately felt in the sustainable energy future in Turkey. Another important aspect of the sustainable energy future of Turkey is that all energy users, as more knowledgeable and active participants will be more involved in various stages of the process. However, Turkey has a long way to reach this vision, because of growing greenhouse emissions related to energy production and utilization of alternative energy is slow. Besides, the intensity of energy of the Turkish economy is decreasing slower than many other OECD countries. In addition, energy consumption per person in Turkey is far above the service needs, even for modern lifestyles. There are substantial obstacles on the way to a sustainable energy future of Turkey, such as various aspects of economic structure, a misdirected energy market process, and a lack of vision among the decision makers.
AtıfScopus12WoS10OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2013Scopus SJRQ2Biosorption properties of Morus alba L. for Cd (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions
Serencam, Huseyin; Ozdes, Duygu; Duran, Celal; Tufekci, Mehmet
The abundantly available industrial waste product Morus alba L. pomace (MAP) is one of the cost-effective biosorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to test the ability of MAP to remove Cd(II) ions through batch biosorption process. Firstly, MAP was characterized using several techniques, and then the influence of various experimental parameters such as initial pH of the aqueous solution, initial Cd(II) concentration, contact time, MAP concentration, and temperature were evaluated upon the biosorption process. It was found that the maximum uptake of Cd(II) ions occurred at initial pH 6.0 and optimum contact time was observed as 60 min. Cd(II) ions adsorption on MAP analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of MAP was found to be 21.69 mg g-1 by using the Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models were employed to describe the biosorption kinetics. In order to investigate the thermodynamic properties of the biosorption process, the changes in the Gibbs free energy (â̂†G), enthalpy (â̂†H), and entropy (â̂†S) were also evaluated and it has been concluded that the process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in the temperature range of 5-40 C.
AtıfScopus38WoS36OpenAlex46İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2013Scopus SJRQ2Separation and pre-concentration of palladium(II) from environmental and industrial samples by formation of a derivative of 1,2,4-triazole complex on Amberlite XAD-2010 resin
Serencam, Huseyin; Bulut, Volkan Numan; Tufekci, Mehmet; Gundogdu, Ali; Duran, Celal; Hamza, Sibel; Soylak, Mustafa
A simple separation/pre-concentration method was developed for extraction of Pd(II) in various environmental samples, based on its adsorption of 4-phenyl-5-{[(4-phenyl-5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio]methyl}-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thyol (PPTTMET) complex on Amberlite XAD-2010 resin in a mini column. The ligand has high affinity for Pd(II) among many other metals that are taken into consideration. The flame atomic absorption spectrometry is employed to determine the concentration of Pd(II). The optimum working conditions which were determined are as follows: 0.05 mol L-1 HNO3 as working medium, 1.0 mol L-1 HCI in acetone as elution solvent, 0.75 mg of PPTTMET amount and 750 mL of sample volume. The system was independent from the flow rates between 3.1 and 23.1 mL min-1. The Pd(II) adsorption capacity of Amberlite XAD-2010 resin was found to be 12.8 mg g-1 and the enrichment factor was calculated as 375. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Pd(II) in motorway dust samples, anodic sludge, gold ore, industrial electronic waste materials and various water samples.
AtıfScopus17WoS15OpenAlex17İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ1Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on a low-cost activated carbon produced from tea industry waste: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study
Gundogdu, Ali; Duran, Celal; Senturk, H. Basri; Soylak, Mustafa; Ozdes, Duygu; Serencam, Huseyin; Imamoglu, Mustafa
The ability of activated carbon which was produced by chemical activation using zinc chloride from tea industry wastes (TIWAC) to adsorb phenol molecules from aqueous solution was tested by equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters. Phenol adsorption on TIWAC took place with a high yield at pH values in the range 4 to 8. The optimum contact period was observed as 4.0 h and from the adsorption graphs plotted as a function of time; it was established that phenol adsorption on TIWAC conformed more to a pseudosecond-order kinetic model. Additionally, it was determined that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion as well as film diffusion. It was established that phenol adsorption on TIWAC can be better defined by the Langmuir adsorption model and its adsorption capacity was 142.9 mg·g-1 from the linear Langmuir equation. Temperature had an adverse effect on adsorption yield, and hence, the adsorption process was exothermic in our case. Moreover, increasing electrolyte concentration in the medium has a positive effect on adsorption yield. From the data obtained, it was concluded that the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by TIWAC produced from tea industry wastes with a very low cost took place with an extremely high performance.
AtıfScopus228WoS212OpenAlex222İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ1The role of cogeneration systems in sustainability of energy
Çakir, Uǧur; Çomakli, Kemal; Yüksel, Fikret
Cogeneration system (CHP) is one of the ways to save the energy and use the energy efficiently. When compared to separate fossil-fired generation of heat and electricity, CHP may result in a consistent energy conservation (usually ranging from 10% to 30%) while the avoided CO 2 emissions are, as a first approximation, similar to the amount of energy saving. In terms of sustainability, one of the primary considerations is energy efficiency. Sustainable energy is considered as a kind of energy which is renewable and continuous, meaning that the use of such energy can potentially be kept up well into the future without causing harmful repercussions for future generations. In this study, environmental benefits and sustainability aspects of cogeneration systems and importance of those systems to the use of sustainable energy are underlined. To support this idea, first we have referred some scientific studies previously made on cogeneration systems and then we have used our own case study. The case study made on gas engined cogeneration system was applied for a hospital to show the sustainability aspects of cogeneration systems.
AtıfScopus115WoS97OpenAlex135İncele - Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ1Energy production, consumption, policies and recent developments in Turkey
Toklu, E.; Güney, M.S.; Işik, M.; Comakli, O.; Kaygusuz, K.
Many factors to be appropriately addressed in moving towards energy sustainability in Turkey are examined. These include harnessing sustainable energy sources, utilizing sustainable energy carriers, increasing efficiency, reducing environmental impact and improving socioeconomic acceptability. The latter factor includes community involvement and social acceptability, economic affordability and equity, lifestyles, land use and aesthetics. On the other hand, Turkey, with its young population and growing energy demand per person, its fast growing urbanization, and its economic development, has been one of the fast growing power markets of the world for the last two decades. Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources that place a big burden on the economy and air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. This article presents a review of the potential and utilization of the energy sources in Turkey.
AtıfScopus79WoS68OpenAlex99İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2010Scopus SJRQ1Thermodynamics and kinetic studies of biosorption of a basic dye from aqueous solution using green algae Ulothrix sp.
Doǧar, Çetin; Gürses, Ahmet; Açikyildiz, Metin; Özkan, Esra
This study addresses removal of a basic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solutions by using dried Ulothrix sp. biomass as biosorbent. The effects of the initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, solution equilibrium pH, biosorbent dosage, and mixing rate on biosorption of the dye have been investigated. It was found that 30 min is sufficient in order to reach adsorption equilibrium. The amount of methylene blue adsorbed onto Ulothrix sp. increased with increasing equilibrium pH and mixing rate, in contrary, it decreased with increasing temperature and sorbent dosage. The process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isosteric enthalpy and entropy values were calculated as -11.8 kJ/mol and 37.5 J/(mol K), respectively. In addition, the results suggest that the physical interactions between sorbent particles and sorbate ions play an important role for the adsorption of methylene blue onto the biosorbent.
AtıfScopus80WoS74OpenAlex85İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2008Scopus SJRQ1The removal of lignin and phenol from paper mill effluents by electrocoagulation
Uǧurlu, M.; Gürses, A.; Doǧar, Ç.; Yalçin, M.
This study aims to investigate the treatment of paper mill effluents using electrocoagulation. Removal of lignin, phenol, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from paper mill effluents was investigated at various current intensities by using different electrodes (Al and Fe) and at various electrolysis times (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 min). It was observed that the experiments carried out at 12 V, an electrolysis time of 2 min and a current intensity of 77.13 mA were sufficient for the removal of these pollutants with each electrode. The removal capacities of the process using an Al electrode were 80% of lignin, 98% of phenol, 70% of BOD, and 75% of COD after 7.5 min. Using an Fe electrode the removal capacities were 92%, 93%, 80% and 55%, respectively. In addition, it was found that removal of lignin, phenol, BOD and COD increased with increasing current intensity. In the experiments carried out at different current intensities, higher removal can be explained through a decrease in intra-resistance of solution and consequently an increase at the transfer speed of organic species to electrodes. It was also found that Al electrode performs higher efficiency than Fe electrode except for COD removal. However, the time required for removal of BOD was more than that of COD. The results suggest that electrocoagulation could be considered as an effective alternative to paper mill effluents treatment.
AtıfScopus257OpenAlex275İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2005Scopus SJRQ4Effect of temperature for the adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon produced from waste dogrose seeds
Gürses, Ahmet; Doǧar, Çetin; Açikyildiz, Metin; Özkan, Esra; Bayrak, Ramis
Activated carbon, produced from dogrose (Rosa section Caninae) seeds, was used for the removal of methylene blue (basic dye). Adsorption studies were carried out at 20°C and 40°C at various initial dye concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) and at different lengths of time (15, 30, 60, and 120 min). Adsorption isotherms of the basic dye on the prepared adsorbent were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations. Fitting of the isotherm data to the BET adsorption isotherm model was better in high concentration ranges than in the other models. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in isosteric adsorption enthalpy (ΔH)y and isosteric adsorption entropy (ΔS)y were also determined to 40.8 kJ and 0.141 kJ, respectively. It was concluded that the adsorption of methylene blue increases with increasing temperature. BET model fitting indicates that the hydrophobic interactions between the dye and the produced active carbon at the first layer and the dipole-dipole interactions between methylene blue molecules and the adsorbed molecules at the secondary layer predominate. To investigate the adsorptive characteristics of the produced active carbon, porosity and BET surface area measurements were made.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele
