Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Optimized ultrasonic-NaDES extraction of anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and organic acids from chokeberry fruit with blueness and antimicrobial evaluation
Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in food processing in recent years, owing to their remarkable advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DESs for the recovery of bioactive components from chokeberry fruit. First, among the 10 different DESs, the DES that extracted the highest total individual phenolic content (TIPC) from chokeberry was determined. Then, ultrasonically assisted extraction conditions (ultrasonic amplitude, time, and temperature) were optimized by response surface methodology to obtain the maximum amount of TIPC using this DES. According to the results obtained, the natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) choline chloride: acetic acid (1:2, 30% water content) provided the highest yield for TIPC extraction and the optimum conditions for maximum TIPC extraction were determined as 100% for ultrasonic amplitude, 50 °C for temperature and 60 min for sonication time. The TIPC content of the extracts prepared with this NaDES was determined between 1740.26 and 3703.14 mg/kg. In addition, the individual organic acid and individual anthocyanin contents of the NaDES extracts, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were determined. Chlorogenic acid (1392.351–2361.48 mg/kg) among phenolic compounds, pyruvic acid (9361.35–47398.04 mg/kg) among organic acids and kuromanin chloride (69748.13–134668.24 mg/kg) among anthocyanins were the dominant compounds in NaDES extracts. However, the extracts showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) bacteria, Gram (−) bacteria, and yeast-like fungi (Candida strains). Finally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was used to evaluate the practicality/blueness potential of the chromatographic method used to determine the anthocyanin composition of the DES extracts. In conclusion, NaDES (choline chloride:acetic acid) can be an alternative solvent for the recovery of some individual phenolics, organic acids and anthocyanins under different extraction conditions. In addition, the use of NaDES in the recovery of various functional compounds needed in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., is important for the promotion of sustainability and green technology.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasonic assisted extraction of water-soluble vitamins from minor components of bee pollen with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent
Çelik, Saffet; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
In this study, different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for vitamin extraction from bee pollen. The DES combination with the highest total amount of individual vitamins was choline chloride: ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2). The response surface method was then used to optimize the extraction conditions. The independent variables used for optimization were ultrasonic power, time, and temperature, while the dependent variables were the total individual amino acids, total individual phenolic compounds, and total individual vitamin contents. Spectrophotometric analyses and antimicrobial activity were also determined in the extracts. In addition, AGREEprep, ComplexGAPI and BAGI tools were used to evaluate the greenness of the method. The results obtained with DES were compared with water, ethanol, and methanol extracts, which were considered control groups. As a result of optimization, the optimum conditions were found to be 75 % for ultrasonic power, 71.5 min for sonication time, and 40 °C for ultrasonic bath temperature. The model's composite desirability value (d) was found to be 0.81. The predicted value and the experimental values were close to each other. Furthermore, the most dominant vitamin in DES extracts was ascorbic acid, the most dominant amino acid was proline, and the most dominant phenolic compound was myricetin. The amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained from water, ethanol, and methanol extracts. The spectrophotometric analysis results obtained higher yields with DES compared to the control groups. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that pollen extracts prepared using choline chloride: ethylene glycol had a weak inhibitory effect for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but not yeast-like fungal strains. In conclusion, DES has been successfully used to extract vitamins and other bioactive compounds from bee pollen. The results obtained showed that DESs can be an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of vitamins, which are among the minor components of bee pollen. Besides, the potential of the application different DESs for more efficient extraction of vitamins and components with important pharmaceutical properties from bee pollen needs to be evaluated in detail.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Enzyme Inhibitory, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Properties and Botanical Sources of Honey, Bee Pollen, Bee Bread, and Propolis Obtained from the Same Apiary
Gercek, Yusuf Can; Dagsuyu, Eda; Basturk, Fatma Nur; Kırkıncı, Seran; Yıldırım, Nazlıcan; Kıskanç, Gamze; Özmener, Bahar; Unlu, Yigit Sabri; Kalkan, Seda Nur; Boztaş, Kadir
Bee products are an important source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition (proximate composition, general phytochemical composition, sugar, and phenolic profiles) of four different products (honey, bee pollen, bee bread, and propolis), obtained from the same apiary, as well as to assess their biological activity through antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, AchE, neuraminidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, urease, trypsin, tyrosinase, carbonic anhydrase, thioredoxin reductase, adenosine deaminase). Clear differences were observed among the samples in terms of both chemical composition and biological activity. The analysis revealed that bee pollen exhibited the highest carbohydrate content (87.9%), while propolis was identified as the richest source of phenolic compounds (14,858.9 mg/kg) among the analyzed samples. Propolis exhibited the highest biological activity in all applied antioxidant assays (CUPRAC, DPPH•, and ABTS•+) and in most enzyme inhibition assays. Notably, the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of propolis was comparable to that of the reference standard. In addition, honey exhibited remarkable trypsin inhibition, also comparable to the applied standard. These findings highlight the diverse bioactivities of hive products, which could play a key role in promoting health and preventing diseases.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Evaluation of lavender essential oils and by-products using microwave hydrodistillation and conventional hydrodistillation
Kırkıncı, Seran; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Yıldırım, Nazlıcan; Gıdık, Betül; Bayram, Nesrin Ecem
This study investigated the impact of two extraction methods, traditional hydrodistillation (TDH) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAH), on the essential oil yield and chemical profile of Lavandula angustifolia L., as well as the bioactive potential of the resulting wastewater. Essential oil composition was analyzed via GC–MS, revealing similar qualitative and quantitative profiles for both methods, with α-terpinolene and (–)borneol as major constituents. Wastewater analysis via LC–MS/MS and spectrophotometric assays demonstrated the presence of significant total phenolic content (3.29–1.78 mg GAE/g) and 32 individual phenolics (463.1 µg/kg for TDH; 479.33 µg/kg for MAH). These findings suggest that both essential oil and wastewater obtained by either method possess considerable bioactive potential, with the MAH method potentially offering advantages over TDH for essential oil extraction. Further exploration of wastewater applications in various industrial sectors is warranted.
AtıfScopus25WoS22OpenAlex22İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ3Microwave hydrodistillation of Pelargonium graveolens L’Her leaves: Essential oil profile, phytochemical composition of wastewater, histo-anatomical structure
Boztaş, Kadir; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Türer, Gizem; Canlı, Deniz; Bayram, Sinan; Çelik, Saffet; Kırkıncı, Seran; Basturk, Fatma Nur; Feizollahi, Sepideh; Cevahir Öz, Gül
By-products with remarkable bioactive properties are formed in extraction processes of essential oils from plant materials. In present study, it was aimed to determine the concentration of individual phenolic and organic acid compounds by LC-MS/MS of the by-product (wastewater) collected after the essential oil isolation from Pelargonium graveolens L. and to determine some bioactive properties of this by-product. In addition, the chemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the essential oil extracted from P. graveolens were determined and the histo-anatomical characterization of the glandular trichomes in the leaf sample was performed. As a result, quercetin (95862.22 μg/kg), myricetin (59834.32 μg/kg) and rutin (36522.90 μg/kg) were the phenolic compounds determined in the highest concentrations in the by-product extracted using two different extraction techniques (non-hydrolysis and hydrolysis methods). Moreover, the individual organic acids of the by-product screened in LC-MS/MS was found to be 4487.17 mg/kg in total. When the essential oil component profile of the plant sample was examined, the citronellol (38.78%) compound was found to be dominant, and it was also detected that the essential oil had remarkable bioactive properties. In conclusion, it can be stated that both the essential oil obtained from P. graveolens and the by-product obtained during essential oil isolation can be considered as a source of some bioactive components in many different industrial applications.
AtıfScopus6WoS4OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2Characterization of Essential Oil and Wastewater from Thymus nummularius M. Bieb. and Micromorphological Examination of Glandular Trichomes
Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Bayram, Sinan; Çelik, Saffet; Canlı, Deniz; Mavaldi, Muhammed Halid; Boztas, Kadir; Bastürk, Fatma Nur; Kırkıncı, Seran; Yesil, Yeter; Kösesakal, Taylan
This study aimed to determine the volatile profile by GC-MS and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil isolated from Thymus nummularius using the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method and morphologically characterize the glandular trichomes in leaf samples. Obtained essential oil, as well as wastewater obtained during essential oil isolation, were chemically (polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity) characterized. As a result of GC-MS analysis of the essential oil, different ratios of essential oil components were identified, predominantly thymol (38.91%), linalool (13.12%) and geraniol (6.51%). The antimicrobial activity results showed that T. nummularius essential oil has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect against all target microorganisms (bacteria and yeast-like fungi). Screening of 32 polyphenolic compounds and 52 organic acids in the wastewater was performed by LC-MS/MS and the major polyphenolic compound and organic acid were determined as caffeic acid (97316.85 µg/kg) and malic acid (6898.88 mg/kg), respectively. While the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the wastewater were 35.91 mg GA/g and 34.91 mg QE/g, respectively, the antioxidant activity results were obtained using the CUPRAC, CERAC and ABTS tests were 86.28 mg TE/g, 72.85 mg TE/g and 47.88 mg TE/g. These results support that the T. nummularius, an important production area in Turkey, can be used in different industrial areas due to its rich bioactive content. In addition, it can be said that wastewater is also considered a valuable source of bioactive substances.
AtıfScopus11WoS8OpenAlex11İncele