Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2Microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from persimmon: physicochemical properties, structural characterization and greenness assessment
Yılmaz, Özlem; Kutlu, Naciye; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Elbir Abca, Tuğba
In this study, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of pectin from persimmon was optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design, with pH, extraction time, and liquid-to-solid ratio as independent variables. The optimization results obtained through response surface methodology indicated optimum conditions of pH 1.78, extraction time of 8 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 125 mL/g, corresponding to a predicted pectin yield of 4.28%. In the validation experiment, the actual pectin yield was determined to be 3.79 ± 0.04%, confirming a good agreement with the model predictions. The degree of esterification, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid and ash contents, water- and oil-holding capacities, antioxidant activity, rheological behavior, and structural properties (FT-IR, DSC, and 1H NMR) of the samples obtained under optimal MAE and conventional extraction conditions were compared. Based on the degree of esterification, both samples were classified as high-methoxyl, with galacturonic acid contents of 41% and 42% for the MAE and conventionally extracted samples, respectively; both values were below the ≥ 65% level specified for commercial food-grade pectin. The ash content was higher in the MAE sample (7.22%) than in the conventionally extracted sample (1.56%). MAE resulted in a pectin-rich complex with a relatively low galacturonic acid content and higher antioxidant activity than the conventionally extracted sample. Furthermore, the MAE sample exhibited higher water-holding capacity but lower oil-binding capacity than the conventionally extracted sample. Rheological analysis showed that the MAE sample exhibited higher apparent viscosity and shear stress than the conventionally extracted sample. FT-IR analysis revealed more pronounced absorption bands in the MAE sample, suggesting structural differences. DSC analysis revealed differences in the thermal behavior of the MAE and conventionally extracted samples. Additionally, 1H NMR analysis supported the presence of characteristic pectic structural features in both samples. The greenness assessment of the method was assessed using the Greenness Evaluation Metric for Analytical Methods (GEMAM), which yielded an overall score of 7.482, indicating a high level of environmental acceptability. Overall, MAE can be considered an efficient and sustainable approach for obtaining a pectin-rich complex with antioxidant activity from persimmon.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of Antioxidant Recovery from Deep Eutectic Solvent Phase via Back-Extraction Using Taguchi Method
Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Kutlu, Naciye
This study investigates the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) via ethyl acetate-mediated liquid–liquid extraction and the optimization of the process using the Taguchi method for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from tea industry waste. In the study, choline chloride was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor; lactic acid, glycerol, and ethanol were used as hydrogen bond donors; and different ratios of water (10–30%) were added to reduce the viscosity of the DESs. Ultrasound-assisted extraction results showed that lactic acid-based DESs provided the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity due to their ability to break down plant cell walls. However, in the recovery phase carried out with ethyl acetate, it was determined that ethanol-based DESs (ChCl:EtOH) were more effective in transferring antioxidants to the organic phase due to their looser molecular structure. Optimization using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array revealed the following results: ChCl:EtOH solvent, 2:1 ethyl acetate/extract ratio, 20% water ratio, and 30-min shaking period were determined as the optimal conditions. Under these conditions, the model predicted a yield of 93.34%, and experimental validation revealed a recovery yield of 85.70 ± 1.13%. The results demonstrate that this developed green extraction method offers a sustainable alternative for converting tea waste into high value-added functional components.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Corn Oil Oleogel With γ-Oryzanol/β-Sitosterol: Structural, Thermal, Textural, and Oxidative Characterization
Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Gençcelep, Hüseyin
In this study, a corn oil oleogel was prepared using γ-oryzanol and β-sitosterol to create a “healthier solid fat-like” structure aimed at reducing saturated and trans fat consumption. To prepare six different oleogels, a γ-oryzanol:β-sitosterol mixture (60:40) was added to corn oil at concentrations ranging from 6% to 15%. The samples were comprehensively evaluated in terms of oil-binding capacity and color; thermal behavior (including melting/crystallization properties); crystal structure; texture properties (hardness, stickiness, cohesion, and spreadability); molecular interactions and oxidative stability. The findings showed that all formulations had high oil binding capacity and that increasing the oleogelator concentration had a limited effect on oil binding. It has been determined that concentration plays an important role in the product's thermal resistance. Results show that as the oleogelator ratio increases, the structure becomes stronger and more durable; the melting behavior in thermal measurements shifts to higher temperatures. Crystal structure analyses support the formation of an oleogel network, while FTIR results indicate that the structure is formed predominantly through physical interactions. Consequently, it has been demonstrated that corn oil can acquire solid fat-like functional properties through this approach and offers a viable option for developing healthier fat formulations, particularly in spreadable products, margarine, and bakery fats.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Celery Root Peels Using an Ultrasound-Assisted Method with Choline Chloride–Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Yılmaz, Özlem
The concepts of sustainable and green technology have come to the forefront due to problems such as increasing environmental pollution, depletion of resources, and uncontrolled increases in industrialization. Green chemistry aims to reduce or completely eliminate pollution in the environment. In this study, both the ultrasonic method, which is a form of green technology, and deep eutectic solvents, which are among green solvents, were used, and a perspective on creating economic value from a waste product (celery root peel) is presented. In this context, phytochemical compounds (total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities) were obtained from celery root peels by ultrasonic-assisted extraction using 10 different choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents, and the results were compared with methanol, an organic solvent. As a result, according to the total flavonoid content, the most effective deep eutectic solvent was choline chloride to sucrose, while according to the antioxidant activity value, choline chloride to lactic acid was found to be effective. For all of the analyzed bioactive compounds, higher or equal yields were obtained with all deep eutectic solvent extracts compared to methanol, and deep eutectic solvents could be alternatives to organic solvents (such as methanol) that may have toxic effects on humans or the environment.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasound assisted choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify (Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) boiss. Var. Latifolius Boiss.): A Box–Behnken design approach for optimization
Yilmaz, Özlem; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye
This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different molar ratios. For this reason, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) compounds, and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH•), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of extracts prepared with DES were investigated with an experimental design and optimization study conducted for this purpose. An extraction time of 40.15 min was determined as the optimal condition. Under these conditions, a molar ratio of 3:1 (acetic acid:choline chloride) and a water ratio of 42.17 % provided the highest phenolic/flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity. Correlations between water ratio, molar ratio, and sonication extraction time were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). In conditions where TPC, FRAP, and DPPH• were high according to PCA, it can be concluded that the extraction time, water ratio, and molar ratio are at high levels; contrarily, TFC is at a low level. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction using DES proved effective for salsify. Therefore, choline chloride-based DESs, can be recommended as environmentally friendly green solvents and an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify.
AtıfScopus11WoS8OpenAlex10İncele
