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Koleksiyondaki öğeler
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1Optimum design of steel space truss towers under seismic effect using Jaya algorithm
Artar, Musa; Daloğlu, Ayşe T.
This study investigates optimum designs of steel space truss towers under seismic loading by using Jaya optimization algorithm. Turkish Earthquake Code (2007) specifications are applied on optimum designs of steel space truss towers under the seismic loading for different local site classes depending on different soil groups. The proposed novel algorithm does not have any algorithm-specific control parameters and depends only a simple revision equation. Therefore, it provides a practical solution for structural optimization problems. Optimum solutions of the different steel truss examples are carried out by selecting suitable W sections taken from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). In order to obtain optimum solutions, a computer program is coded in MATLAB in corporated with SAP2000-OAPI (Open Application Programming Interface). The stress and displacement constraints are applied on the design problems according to AISC-ASD (Allowable Stress Design) specifications. Firstly, a benchmark truss problem is examined to see the efficiency of Jaya optimization algorithm. Then, two different multi-element truss towers previously solved with other methods without seismic loading in literature are designed by the proposed algorithm. The first space tower is a 582-member space truss with the height of 80 m and the second space tower is a 942-member space truss of about 95 m height. The minimum optimum designs obtained with this novel algorithm for the case without seismic loading are lighter than the ones previously attained in the literature studies. The results obtained in the study show that Jaya algorithm is a practical and robust optimization method for structural optimization problems. Moreover, incorporation of the seismic loading causes significant increase in the minimum design weight.
AtıfScopus15WoS15OpenAlex10
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ1A fuzzy DEMATEL-based solution approach for facility layout problem: A case study
Altuntas, Serkan; Selim, Hasan; Dereli, Turkay
Facility layout in production systems is a difficult activity since both qualitative and quantitative factors affect the location decision, and also influence and causal relationship between these factors should be determined for a better location. In this respect, it is demonstrated in this study that fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (fuzzy DEMATEL) method can effectively be used in handling facility layout problems in practice. The qualitative factors that described by linguistic terms can be taken into account through fuzzy structure of the method. Considering this, a fuzzy DEMATEL-based solution approach for facility layout problem is proposed in this study. The proposed approach takes into account both qualitative and quantitative location factors. To address the need in practice, six important location factors are considered in this study. These are material flow, information flow, personnel flow, equipment flow, environmental condition, and supervision of personnel. This study differs from the previous works in that it applies fuzzy DEMATEL method to facility layout problem. To explore the viability of the proposed approach, a real world problem in a machinery industry firm is handled.
AtıfScopus65WoS46OpenAlex59İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2013Scopus SJRQ2An experimental and theoretical investigation of Acenaphthene-5-boronic acid: Conformational study, NBO and NLO analysis, molecular structure and FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR and UV spectra
Karabacak, Mehmet; Sinha, Leena; Prasad, Onkar; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Cinar, Mehmet
The solid state Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of Acenaphthene-5-boronic acid (AN-5-BA), have been recorded in the range 4000-400 cm1 and 4000-10 cm 1, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT), with the B3LYP functional was used for the optimization of the ground state geometry and simulation of the infrared and Raman spectra of the molecule. The vibrational wave numbers and their assignments were examined theoretically using the Gaussian 09 set of quantum chemistry codes and the normal modes were assigned by a scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) force field approach. Hydrogen-bonded dimer of AN-5-BA, optimized by counterpoise correction, has also been studied by B3LYP at the 6-311++G(d,p) level and the effects of molecular association through O-H·O hydrogen bonding have been discussed. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by Gauge-Including Atomic Orbital (GIAO) method. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has been applied to study stability of the molecule arising from charge delocalization. UV spectrum of the title compound was also recorded and the electronic properties, such as frontier orbitals, and band gap energies were measured by TD-DFT approach. The first order hyperpolarizability (β), its components and associated properties such as average polarizability and anisotropy of the polarizability (α and Δα) of AN-5-BA was calculated using the finite-field approach.
AtıfScopus38WoS36OpenAlex33
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1A novel strategy for probiotic bacteria: Ensuring microbial stability of fish fillets using characterized probiotic bacteria-loaded nanofibers
Ceylan, Zafer; Meral, Raciye; Karakaş, Canan Yağmur; Dertli, Enes; Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin
Nanoencapsulation of probiotic bacteria (L. rhamnosus) into poly(vinyl alcohol) & sodium alginate-based nanofibers (VSPBe) and also the production of poly(vinyl alcohol) & sodium alginate-based nanofibers (VS) were successfully obtained. VSPBe and VS nanofibers were used to limit the Total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TMABc), Psychrophilic Bacteria (TPBc) and also Yeast and Mold count (TYMc) growth in the fish fillet. Dispersion stability (ζ potential −6.29 mV and −7.74 mV, for VS and VSPBe, respectively), thermal decomposition (a reduction in mass of VS and VSPBe at temperatures 50 °C, corresponding to <5% and >5%, respectively) and morphological properties of nanofibers (diameters between 60 nm and 580 nm) were revealed by characterization analysis. Microbiological tests demonstrated that VS and VSPBe were effectively delayed the TMABc and TPBc growth in fish fillets up to 38%. However, the antimicrobial effects of nanofibers were not pronounced for TYM growth in the fish fillet. The viability of probiotic bacteria could be provided after electrospinning process and the use of L. rhamnosus-loaded nanofibers for delaying microbial growth in the fish fillets could be evaluated as a natural/novel technique.
AtıfScopus108WoS95OpenAlex108İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1Bleeding characteristics of high consistency heavyweight concrete mixtures
Gökçe, H. Süleyman; Andiç-Çakır, Özge
Bleeding, a type of static segregation derives from density difference of concrete ingredients in fresh state. Due to having this difference higher than normal weight counterparts, heavyweight concrete is more susceptible to bleeding, thus, this type of concrete is commonly produced in low slump values. In order to give a response to advances and demands in concrete technology, heavyweight concrete mixtures with high slump values were designed at various mixture characteristics, and their bleeding characteristics were researched in the study. For this purpose, totally, thirty-five concrete mixtures with ≥150 mm slump values were produced by using common cement replacement materials (silica fume and fly ash), viscosity modifier, and various water/binder ratios at two binder dosages. The mixtures showed excessive bleeding capacities ranged from 0 to 11.7% and bleeding rates ranged from 0 to 5.1 kg/m2/h. Silica fume was found as the most effective admixture for reducing or elimination of the bleeding. Bleeding time generally shorten at high binder content and at high water/binder ratio. It was observed that the bleeding adversely affects the hardened characteristics of heavyweight concrete mixtures.
AtıfScopus62WoS54OpenAlex59İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ1Optimum design of braced steel frames via teaching learning based optimization
Artar, Musa
In this study, optimum structural designs of braced (non-swaying) planar steel frames are investigated by using one of the recent meta-heuristic search techniques, teaching-learning based optimization. Optimum design problems are performed according to American Institute of Steel Construction-Allowable Stress Design (AISCASD) specifications. A computer program is developed in MATLAB interacting with SAP2000 OAPI (Open Application Programming Interface) to conduct optimization procedures. Optimum cross sections are selected from a specified list of 128W profiles taken from AISC. Two different braced planar frames taken from literature are carried out for stress, geometric size, displacement and inter-storey drift constraints. It is concluded that teaching-learning based optimization presents robust and applicable optimum solutions in multi-element structural problems.
AtıfScopus25WoS26İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ2A study on the optical, chemical and dielectric properties of PPCIN thin films derived from essential oil compounds using RF plasma polymerisation technique
Bayram, Ozkan; Simsek, Onder
Polymer-based nanostructured films were produced on various substrates using Radio Frequency (RF) plasma polymerization technique from Cinnamaldehyde monomer which is an organic compound. To fabricate polymer thin film, the pressure, the deposition time and RF power were set to 480 mTorr, 30 min and 15, 20 and 30 W, respectively. The effect of RF power on the optical, morphological and chemical properties of thin films were investigated. The optical, morphological and chemical properties were determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The average surface roughness of thin films was detected as 5.7 nm, 3.9 nm and 11.7 nm using AFM depending on the increase in RF power. Using FTIR spectroscopy, the chemical structure of the polymer thin films was compared with that of the monomer material, and it was found that the majority of the functional groups belonging to the monomers also appeared in the thin films. Optical band gap of thin films increased with RF power and these values were determined as 2.83 eV, 3.05 eV and 2.98 eV, respectively. The extinction coefficients and refractive indices of the thin films were measured at 500 nm between 0.00183–0.00522 and 2.40–2.78, respectively.
AtıfScopus14WoS14OpenAlex16İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ2Morphological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Local Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) Germplasm from Turkey; [Morphologische, biochemische und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Zuchtmaterials der Japanischen Wollmispel (Eriobotrya Japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) aus der Türkei]
Akbulut, Mustafa; Gozlekci, Sadiye; Ercisli, Sezai; Cakir, Ozlem
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) grown well for commercial purposes in subtropical regions nearly 30 countries and originated from China. The most important loquat producers in the world are China, Spain, Turkey, Pakistan, India, Italy and Brazil. In this study, ten pre-selected promising loquat genotypes sampled from eastern Black region and analyzed for their important morphological, biochemical and antioxidant characteristics. The standard cultivar ‘Sayda’ is also included in the study. The results indicated differences for all of the morphological, biochemical and antioxidant characteristics among tested genotypes. Fruit mass and fruit flesh percentage of the genotypes ranged from 35.40 g (LOQ-8) to 46.90 g (LOQ-5) and from 79.40 (%) to 86.32 (%) indicating some local genotypes had higher fruit mass and fruit flesh percentage than standard cultivar ‘Sayda’. Total phenolic content was the highest as 263 μg GAE/g in LOQ-7 genotype while the lowest in LOQ-8 genotype (185 μg GAE/g). LOQ-7 genotype had the highest total antioxidant capacity. Local genotypes in general have higher total phenolic, total carotenoid, vitamin C and antioxidant activity than cv. ‘Sayda’.
AtıfScopus3WoS5OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ1A New Energy Prediction Algorithm for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks With Q-Learning
Kosunalp, Selahattin
Traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) face the problem of a limited-energy source, typically batteries, resulting in the need for careful and effective utilization of the energy source. However, inevitable energy depletion will eventually disturb the operation of a WSN. Energy harvesting (EH) technology is acquiring particular interest, because it has the potential to provide a continuous energy supply in battery-powered WSNs. Solar energy is the most effective environmental energy for EH-WSNs because of its high energy intensity, which comes from a non-controllable source. Therefore, the prediction of future energy availability is a critical issue, as the amount of the harvestable energy may vary over time. In this paper, a novel solar energy prediction algorithm with Q-learning, called Q-learning-based solar energy prediction (QL-SEP), is proposed. Q-learning is an effective way of predicting future actions based on past observations. The distinctive feature of QL-SEP is that not only past days' observations but also the current weather conditions are considered for prediction. The performance of QL-SEP is simulated in this paper using real-world measurements obtained from a solar panel in comparison with the state-of-art approaches.
AtıfScopus128WoS96OpenAlex135İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ2Surface and optical properties of indium tin oxide layer deposition by RF magnetron sputtering in argon atmosphere
Yudar, H. Hakan; Korkmaz, Şadan; Özen, Soner; Şenay, Volkan; Pat, Suat
This study focused on the characterization and properties of transparent and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films deposited in argon atmosphere. ITO thin films were coated onto glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique at 75 and 100 W RF powers. Structural characteristics of producing films were investigated through X-ray diffraction analysis. UV–Vis spectrophotometer and interferometer were used to determine transmittance, absorbance and reflectance values of samples. The surface morphology of the films was characterized by atomic force microscope. The calculated band gaps were 3.8 and 4.1 eV for the films at 75 and 100 W, respectively. The effect of RF power on crystallinity of prepared films was explored using mentioned analysis methods. The high RF power caused higher poly crystallinity in the produced samples. The thickness and refractive index values for all samples increased respect to an increment of RF power and were calculated as 20, 50 nm and 1.71, 1.86 for samples at 75 and 100 W, respectively. Finally, the estimated grain sizes for all prepared films decreased with increasing of 2θ degrees, and the number of crystallite per unit volume was calculated. It was found that nearly all properties including sheet resistance and resistivity depend on the RF power.
AtıfScopus11WoS10OpenAlex11İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2017Buildup factors and kerma for Al2O3 and SiO2 in the energy range 0.015-15MeV
Yllmaz, Demet; Allm, Bünyamin; Akkuş, Tuba; Güzeldir, Betül
The energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) have been calculated for some thermoluminescent dosimetric materials (Al2O3 and SiO2) in the energy region 0.015-15MeV up to the penetration depth of 40 mean free paths (mfp). Also, kerma relative to air has been determined for these materials. It is observed that the energy absorption buildup factors and kerma relative to air depend on the photon energy and chemical content. Also, the energy absorption build up factors are found the highest in intermediate energy whereas the lowest in low- as well as high energies.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Determination of the optical and chemical properties of aniline doped plasma polymerized cineole thin films synthesized at various RF powers
Bayram, Ozkan
Aniline-doped plasma polymerized cineole (PPCin) thin films were produced on glass substrates by plasma polymerization technique under varying Radio Frequency (RF) power levels. PPCin thin films were produced at 30 min deposition time and at 50, 75 and 100 W RF energies. Surface morphologies of pure and aniline-doped PPCin thin films obtained on glass substrates were investigated by AFM. It was found that the average surface roughness of pure PPCin thin films increased from 0.19 to 30.6 nm due to the dopant effect and RF energies. The optical band gap for pure polymer thin film was 3.65 eV, but with the effect of doping, these value was found to be 3.54, 3.29 and 3.93, respectively, with increasing RF energy. The extinction coefficient and refractive indices of PPCin thin films were calculated as between 0.065 and 0.92 and between 1.24 and 1.57 respectively, at the wavelength of 400 nm. Wettability analyzes of PPCin thin films were also determined using the water contact angle (WCA) measurement and all thin films were found to have hydrophilic character.
AtıfScopus8WoS7OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ4Investigating the role of social functions of parks on adherence to physical activity of elderly people during an epidemic disease (COVID-19)
Azimkhani, Amin; Honari, Habib; Türkmen, Mutlu; Gholamian, Javad; Saatchian, Vahid; Salari, Reyhane
Introduction: The importance of desirable physical activity as a deterrent and risk factor for the elderly is well known. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of parks’ social functions on adherence to physical activity in elderly people in Mashhad During epidemic disease (COVID-19). Method: This cross-sectional study was performed using a structured interview technique and a multi-part questionnaire on 100 elderly people. Sampling was done in two stages using a systematic random method. Results: Based on the results, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the social function of parks and its components with adherence to physical activity in the elderly (P <0.05) and well as 18% of adherence to physical activity changes is related to the social function of parks. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that many factors are affecting physical activity in elderly people, which understanding these factors help educators and other health professionals in designing appropriate intervention programs. Maintaining regular PA during self-isolation is important for the prevention of future chronic health conditions due to a sedentary lifestyle. During crises, functional medical care and vital societal services are of the highest priority.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2020Interactive effects of remittances and financial development on Turkey's economic growth
Ari, Yilmaz Onur
Labor migration from underdeveloped and developing countries to developed countries has gained great importance, especially with the acceleration of globalization since the 1980s. The remittances that migrants earn by working in the receiving countries and send to their families have become an important tool for fighting against poverty and supporting economic growth.Migrant remittances, which are more stable than other financial sources, became a primary source of foreign exchange for supporting economic growth of developing countries by financing the current account deficit, reducing poverty, increasing consumption expenditures, and increasing household savings and investments. Remittances, which are an important financial source for developing countries, affect the economic growth in the remittance-receiving country positively or negatively. There is no consensus in the literature about the effect of remittances on economic growth.Remittances take an important place for lowering poverty and supporting economic growth because Turkey is a developing country. In this study, I analyzed a historical background of remittance flows to Turkey. By looking back at the literature, I tried to correlate Turkish remittances to Turkish financial sector development.
- MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ3Gram-scale synthesis of (S)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethanol in high enantiomeric purity under Enterococcus faecium BY48 biocatalysts
Şahin, Engin
Sulfur-containing chiral heterocyclic secondary alcohols are relevant intermediates in the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds endowed with biological activity. In this report, we evaluated the reductive potential of different lactic acid bacteria as whole-cell biocatalysts of the enantioselective reduction of 1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (1). Enterococcus faecium BY48, isolated from boza, a cereal-based fermented beverage, was found to be the best biocatalyst in our initial investigations. Using whole-cell preparations of E. faecium BY48, we then systematically analyzed the reaction parameters (pH, incubation period, agitation speed, and temperature) to optimize the yield, the enantiomeric excess (e. e.), and the conversion leading to (S)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethanol [(S)-2]. The target derivative, which is a precursor in the synthesis of biologically active chiral compounds, was obtained in enantiomerically pure form, gram-scale amounts, and high yield. This is also the first report that the manufacture of (S)-2 in excellent conversion, yield, enantiopure form, and gram scale used whole-cell biocatalyst. This whole-cell E. faecium BY48 biocatalyzed reaction is a clean, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective process, representing a valuable alternative to chemical catalysis or previously reported biocatalytic procedures in the preparation of (S)-2.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex5İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2022Experimental Active Vibration Control of a Highly Flexible Composite Manipulator with Acceleration Feedback
Uyar, Mehmet; Malgaca, Levent; Lök, Ş.İpek; Can, Seda Vatan
In this study, vibration control of a single-link flexible smart composite manipulator (FSCM) is experimentally studied. The experimental system includes a real-time data acquisition control card, accelerometer, amplifier, servo motor, and driver. The FSCM is an epoxy-glass composite manipulator with the piezoelectric actuator and has the orientation of [0/90] lay-up. Modal analysis is experimentally conducted to find the natural frequencies by applying a chirp signal to the piezoelectric actuator. Natural frequencies are found by taking the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in MATLAB. Triangular motion profiles are used to drive the FSCM. Motion parameters are found by utilizing the natural frequencies of the system for different deceleration times (tdec). with different deceleration times (tdec). Residual vibrations are suppressed by using PID control with acceleration feedback. The acceleration signals at the tip point are measured by utilizing the accelerometer. The controller gains are determined with the trial and error method. Experimental residual vibration results are presented for the active control. It is observed that the suppression of vibration amplitudes further increases with active control.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Evaluation of waste management using clustering algorithm in megacity Istanbul
Guleryuz, Didem
Industrialization and urbanization are increasing with the effect of globalization worldwide. The waste management problems are rising with the rising population rate, industrialization, and economic developments in the cities, which turned into environmental problems that directly affect human health. This study aims to examine waste management performance in the districts located in the city of Istanbul. To ensure that the districts are clustered in terms of the similarities and differences base on waste management. On this occasion, the authorized unit managers of the districts in the same cluster will be able to establish similar management policies and make joint decisions regarding waste management. In addition, the division of districts into clusters according to the determining indicators can provide information about the locations of waste storage centers. Also, these clusters will form the basis for the optimization constraints required to design appropriate logistics networks. Waste management performance of 39 districts in Istanbul in 2019 was compared by taking into consideration domestic waste, medical waste, population, municipal budget, and mechanical sweeping area. The data were obtained from The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) and Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). One of the non-hierarchical clustering methods, the K-means clustering method, was applied using IBM SPSS Modeler data mining software to determine the relations between 39 districts. As a result, the waste management performance of the districts was evaluated according to the statistical data, similarities and differences were revealed by using the determined indicators.
AtıfScopus12OpenAlex11TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ4The opinions of mathematics teacher candidates who have received a STEM training on STEM and the activities they designed in the class
Demir, Betül Küçük
This study has been conducted to investigate the opinions of mathematics teacher candidates on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) training and the activities designed by them. It has been carried out using the case study method, which is one of the qualitative research patterns. In this study, semi-structured interview forms and activity cards have been used to gather data. While semi-structured interview forms served to elicit teacher candidates’ opinions on STEM, activity cards were employed to ask them to design an activity in which they could put their training on STEM into practice. The study has been conducted with 34 senior mathematics education students and the data obtained have been analyzed using the content analysis method. It has been concluded that mathematics teacher candidates have positive views on STEM training. The activities designed by the candidate teachers can be categorized under four categories, which are interdisciplinary, the engineering field it is related to, the preferred method and the activities that are not suitable for STEM. Teacher candidates should be trained on how to integrate STEM education into their lessons. Stem activity examples should be presented to teacher candidates for applicability.
AtıfScopus6OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Effect of sample deformation in longitudinal axis on material parameter extraction by waveguides
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus; Ozturk, Gokhan; Ertugrul, Mehmet
An analysis was performed for examining the consequences of sample deformation in longitudinal axis in the sample-loaded non-resonant waveguide techniques. Vertical and horizontal deformations were first simulated to understand the change in field distributions and corresponding scattering parameters. Then, effects of sample length, dielectric constant, and loss factor for these deformations on extracted electromagnetic properties were analyzed using simulated results. Finally, S-parameter measurements were carried out to understand the effect of vertical deformation on permittivity results and to examine any improper sample preparation by hand-made and machine-made samples by applying a statistical model based on mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and confidence interval. It was noted that extracted dielectric constants of each tested dielectric sample (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl-chloride) were within the confidence interval range of 90% while their retrieved loss factors were within the confidence interval range of 90%, 95%, or 98%.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ3A Sample of Cultural Conceptualisation: On the Form of örü kodı bol-in the Old Uigur Civil Texts; [Kültürel Kavramsallaştırma Örneği: Eski Uygur Sivil Metinlerindeki Örü Kodı Bol-Yapısı Üzerine]
Azılı, Kenan
Old Uyghur civil texts, unlike other Old Turkish texts, were not created through religious translation, but were written in a way to show the social activities of the people involved in active life. In this sense, the texts have cultural codes at very different levels. The statement of örü kodı bol-in these texts has not been fully resolved, although various interpretation proposals have been made in studies conducted so far. In addition to the linguistically comparative and diachronic examination of the statement, reconsidering it in terms of cultural conceptualization within the relationship between language and culture has become necessary. In the study, firstly the form of örü kodı that constitutes the statement will be examined for the linguistic evaluation of the statement in question. Then, the final form of the form formed with the auxiliary verb will be witnessed in the texts and the pragmatic order of the syntactic sequence will be taken into consideration and its equivalence with the other forms will be established. At this stage, the established equivalences will be evaluated according to the cultural conceptualization of cultural linguistics, and their cultural codes will be analyzed. The most important aim of the study is to show that some linguistic forms cannot be solved only by linguistic explanation, but with the help of different disciplines such as cultural linguistics with a language-culture relationship.
