Yayınlar
Koleksiyondaki öğeler
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Comparison of colony performances of honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) housed in hives made of different materials
Erdoğan, Yaşar
Numerous flowering plants rely on bees for pollination. Any natural or anthropogenic factor that threatens colony survival can have a large impact on plant production. This study investigates the effects of manmade hives built from different materials and how these may influence colony growth. Ten each of three hive types were selected, wooden, polystyrene and composite insulated hives. Factors of adult bee numbers, brood development, nectar flow period weight gain, bee flight activity, aggression response, and honey yield were selected markers of hive development. Statistically, each hive type produced significant variation (p<.05). The greatest overall productivity across all factors was for insulated hives made of composite material, with honey production approximately 35% times that of wood, 14% times that of polystyrene and in terms of the development of honeybee colonies, the average of other hives is 10.2 times.Highlights Relative humidity and temperature are important environmental factors for honeybees. Insulated hives, increased honey yield. High temperature and humidity inside the hive made honeybees more aggressive.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ2Leaded brass alloys for gamma-ray shielding applications
Şakar, Erdem; Büyükyıldız, Mehmet; Alım, Bünyamin; Şakar, Betül Ceviz; Kurudirek, Murat
The leaded brasses show high machinability and atmospheric corrosion resistance. Hence, they are being used in different applications such as machine parts, valves, fittings etc. Besides, they can serve as radiation shields as they contain lead and their radiation shielding properties were not investigated so far. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the radiation shielding properties of leaded brasses. Standard (CuZn) and leaded (CuZnPb) brasses were prepared and their mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ), half-value layers (HVL), tenth-value layers (TVL), mean free paths (MFP) and effective atomic numbers (Z eff ) were determined. Linear attenuation coefficients (μ) of the alloys were measured first at 53, 276, 302, 356 and 383 keV using a HPGe detector and a 133 Ba radioactive source. These values were then used to obtain other parameters. A good agreement was observed between experimental and theoretical results for HVL, TVL and MFP (Dif. ≤ 9%). Photon buildup through the present materials was studied in terms of exposure buildup factor (EBF). Results were presented and discussed regarding the photon energy and penetration depths. Fast neutron removal cross sections were also calculated for the given alloys. Some alloys were also evaluated morphologically by using EDX mapping. The leaded brasses were compared with standard shielding concretes and superior shielding properties against gammas and fast neutrons were obtained when compared with concretes.
AtıfScopus114WoS108OpenAlex128İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ1Noniterative complex permittivity retrieval using calibration-independent waveguide measurements
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus
Calibration-independent nonresonant measurements can be employed to eliminate the need for calibration before microwave measurements. These methods generally assume that the location of the sample in its measurement cell is known after the sample is positioned or shifted within the cell and that the length of the measurement cell is known. In addition, in general these methods necessitate some sort of numerical analysis to retrieve the complex permittivity of the sample. In this research paper, we propose a calibration-independent nonresonant waveguide method to first eliminate measurement errors arising from inaccurate knowledge of the location of the sample within its cell (after shifting) and arising from improper knowledge of the length of the measurement cell and second to determine the complex permittivity explicitly. In addition, our proposed method needs scattering parameter measurements from three different measurement configurations – another improvement with respect to a similar calibration-independent method requiring measurements from four different configurations. Furthermore, it does not necessitate that the sample be flushed to the measurement cell. We analyzed repeatability of cell connection and investigated uncertainty in the measurement of complex permittivity for a change in length of the sample and the cell and when air gap present between sample surfaces and guide walls. We validated the proposed method by measuring the complex permittivity of polyethylene sample and distilled water at X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz).
AtıfScopus8WoS8OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Use of geographic information systems (GIS) in geography lessons according to teachers’ opinion
Degirmenci, Yavuz
The purpose of the present study is to determine geography teachers’ opinions about how often, for what reasons and for what subjects the geographic information systems (GIS) are used in geography lessons. This qualitative study was carried out based on phenomenological design. The study was conducted with 15 geography teachers servicing at different schools in a city of Turkey. The teachers’ opinions were obtained via the semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher and the series of obtained data were analysed via the content analysis method. The study results showed that a great majority of the teachers did not use the GIS in their lessons and the reason for this was that they are not having sufficient knowledge about how to use them. Also, the teachers emphasised the insufficiency of possibilities, infrastructure, software and hardware. However, it was observed that all the teachers agreed on the necessity of using the GIS in geography lessons.
AtıfScopus9OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2Continuous contact problem for two elastic layers resting on an elastic half-infinite plane
Öner, Erdal; Birinci, Ahmet
The continuous contact problem for two elastic layers resting on an elastic half-infinite plane and loaded by means of a rigid stamp is presented. The elastic layers have different heights and elastic constants. An external load is applied to the upper elastic layer by means of a rigid stamp. The problem is solved under the assumptions that all surfaces are frictionless, body forces of elastic layers are taken into account, and only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the interfaces. General expressions of stresses and displacements are obtained by using the fundamental equations of the theory of elasticity and the integral transform technique. Substituting the stress and the displacement expressions into the boundary conditions, the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation, in which the function of contact stresses under the rigid stamp is unknown. The integral equation is solved numerically by making use of the appropriate Gauss-Chebyshev integration formula for circular and rectangular stamp profiles. The contact stresses under the rigid stamp, contact areas, initial separation loads, and initial separation distances between the two elastic layers and the lower-layer elastic half-infinite plane are obtained numerically for various dimensionless quantities and shown in graphics and tables.
AtıfScopus24WoS25OpenAlex26İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ1Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from yogurt-like product fermented with pine cone and determination of their role on physicochemical, textural and microbiological properties of product
Sert, Durmuş; Mercan, Emin; Dertli, Enes
The aim of this study was to understand how pine cone (PC) addition could acidify the milk and result in the production of yogurt. For this purpose, yogurts were produced with three different pine cones which were classified according to collection period; PC-1 (October), PC-2 (November) and PC-3 (December). Physicochemical, textural and microbiological properties were determined as quality criteria on the yogurt samples. Importantly, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from yogurt samples. 26 of 80 yogurt isolates were identified. The incubation time of yogurts until the pH reached 4.6–4.7 was ∼3.5–4 h at 45 °C. Textural properties of yogurt PC-3 increased as compared to PC-1 and PC-2 which was found to be related with high LAB numbers in PC-3. Similarly, the highest dry matter, water holding capacity, acidity values were determined in the yogurt PC-3 whereas PC-1 had the lowest values. The lowest pH value was found in yogurt PC-3 related to LAB counts. Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. counts of yogurts ranged between 5.95-6.82 and 6.32–6.99 log cfu/g, respectively. Also, LAB species were identified as Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum in all yogurt samples showing that pine cones somehow harbour the yogurt starters.
AtıfScopus60WoS58OpenAlex59İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2Optical and surface properties of the in doped GaAs layer deposition using thermionic vacuum arc method
Pat, Suat; Özen, Soner; Şenay, Volkan; Korkmaz, Şadan; Şimşek, Veli
A broadband optical transparent InGaAs semiconductor layer production of micron thicknesses was produced in only 75 s by thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method at the first time. The optical and surface properties of the produced layers have been investigated. InGaAs structure is using in electronics and optoelectronics devices. The main advantage of TVA method is its fast deposition rate, without any loss in the quality of the films. Doping is a very simple and fast according to common production methods. InGaAs is an alloy of indium arsenide (InAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). InAs with (220) crystallographic direction and GaAs with (024)/(022) crystallographic directions were detected using by XRD analysis. GaAs and InAs are in the cubic and zinc blende crystal system, respectively. According to the transmittance spectra, sample has a broadband transparency in the range of 1000–3300 nm. According to results, defined TVA method for In doping to GaAs is proper fast and friendly method. SCANNING 38:297–302, 2016.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1A novel method based on thermal conductivity for material identification in scrap industry: An experimental validation
Cuce, Erdem; Cuce, Pinar Mert; Guclu, Tamer; Besir, Ahmet; Gokce, Erkan; Serencam, Ugur; Serencam, Huseyin
Fast, accurate and reliable identification and sorting of materials is still a challenge in recycling sector. Scrap metals are often classified through density and colour, which cause notable financial burdens to the companies in most cases. Within the scope of this research, a novel method based on thermal conductivity is presented for material identification in scrap industry. The unit consists of a constant heat flux source and a cooling system, in which axial heat conduction is enabled and radial heat transfer is eliminated. For the steady-state conditions, temperature gradient across the sample metals is measured along with the constant heat flux value, and the thermal conductivity of the samples is determined via the Fourier's heat conduction law. Copper, brass and stainless steel samples are considered in this research to verify the accuracy of the results. For a reliable and scientific approach, three independent sets of experiments are conducted, and the results are evaluated in terms of accuracy and consistency. Experimental thermal conductivity values of the said samples are compared with the reported data in literature and a good accordance is achieved. Error in measurements is calculated to be 1.37, 3.31 and 4.46% for copper, brass and stainless steel sample, respectively which is acceptable. The tests are repeated with highly sensitive probes for aluminium sample, and the measurement error is calculated to be 0.56%.
AtıfScopus21WoS19OpenAlex19İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2014Scopus SJRQ2The spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV and NMR) first order hyperpolarizability and HOMO-LUMO analysis of dansyl chloride
Karabacak, M.; Cinar, M.; Kurt, M.; Poiyamozhi, A.; Sundaraganesan, N.
The solid phase FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of dansyl chloride (DC) have been recorded in the regions 400-4000 and 50-4000 cm-1, respectively. The spectra have been interpreted in terms of fundamentals modes, combination and overtone bands. The structure of the molecule has been optimized and the structural characteristics have been determined by density functional theory (B3LYP) method with 6-311++G(d,p) as basis set. The vibrational frequencies were calculated for most stable conformer and were compared with the experimental frequencies, which yield good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. The infrared and Raman spectra have also been predicted from the calculated intensities. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. UV-Visible spectrum of the compound was recorded in the region 200-600 nm and the electronic properties HOMO and LUMO energies were measured by time-dependent TD-DFT approach. Nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties were interpreted. All the calculated results were compared with the available experimental data of the title molecule.
AtıfScopus23WoS22OpenAlex29İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ4Evaluating the grinding process of granitic rocks using the physico-mechanical and mineralogical properties
Kahraman, Sair; Ucurum, Metin; Yogurtcuoglu, Emine; Fener, Mustafa
Granitic rocks are sometimes ground for different purposes. Predicting the mean particle size (d50) is useful for planning and cost estimation of purposes. In order to investigate the possibility of predicting the d50 of ground rock from the physico-mechanical rock properties, six different granites were tested in the laboratory. First, the d50 values were correlated with the corresponding physico-mechanical properties. The simple regression analysis showed that there were no good correlations between the d50 and the physico-mechanical properties. Then, the multiple regression analysis was carried out and strong prediction equations were developed. It was also shown that the dominant parameter in grinding was the abrasive mineral content of rock. It is concluded that the d50 of granites can be predicted from the derived multiple regression equations especially for preliminary investigations. The developed estimation equations including index test values are especially useful since they are easy to use.
AtıfScopus2WoS1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ3The effect of digital badges specialization level of the subject on the achievement, satisfaction and motivation levels of the students
Yıldırım, Serkan; Kaban, Abdullatif; Yıldırım, Gürkan; Çelik, Embiya
Digital badges are the components demonstrating competency and knowledge of the learners. The use of digital badges used to reflect the skills of learners is becoming increasingly widespread in the teaching environments. In addition, these badges are starting to take their places among documents such as certificates and diplomas. In this study, the relationship between digital badges rated in accordance with specialization levels of the same subject and achievement, satisfaction and motivation levels of the students has been investigated. In addition, the relationship between learning styles of the students participating in the study and their academic achievement and satisfaction levels were also presented. In this study, in which proximal parallel pattern of mixed research methods was used, quantitative and qualitative data were reviewed together. The sample of study consists of junior students of Ataturk University, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty. 13-week study was conducted with a total of 51 participants including 26 female and 25 male students. The data of the study were obtained by academic achievement form, Kolb's learning style inventory III and semi-structured interview form. According to the results of study, it has been seen that digital badges improve academic achievement, students' motivation to learn, attendance to lesson and satisfaction of the students. They also motivate students to make them ready for class, show level of the learners, provide the possibility of self and peer-assessment and they can be also used to demonstrate the level of competence and achievement along with some other documents such as diploma or certificate. As a result, digital badges can be used to better organize the learning process and make students more active learners.
AtıfScopus10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ2Estimation of physical properties of laminated composites via the method of inverse vibration problem
Balci, Murat; Gundogdu, Omer
In this study, estimation of some physical properties of a laminated composite plate was conducted via the inverse vibration problem. Laminated composite plate was modelled and simulated to obtain vibration responses for different length-to-thickness ratio in ANSYS. Furthermore, a numerical finite element model was developed for the laminated composite utilizing the Kirchhoff plate theory and programmed in MATLAB for simulations. Optimizing the difference between these two vibration responses, inverse vibration problem was solved to obtain some of the physical properties of the laminated composite using genetic algorithms. The estimated parameters are compared with the theoretical results, and a very good correspondence was observed.
AtıfScopus4WoS4OpenAlex7İncele - DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ4Erratum to: “Antagonistic effects of Satureja hortensis essential oil against AFB1, on human lymphocytes in vitro” (Cytology and Genetics, (2014), 48, (5), 327, 10.3103/S0095452715010120)
Ceker, S.; Agar, G.; Alpsoy, L.; Nardemir, G.; Kizil, H.E.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Comparison of two wild-grown Berberis varieties based on biochemical characterization
Çakır, Özlem; Karabulut, Abdulkadir
In this study, some physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, mineral content, and phenolic profiles of Berberis vulgaris and Berberis crataegina wild-grown in Bayburt are analyzed and compared. The level of total phenolic content in B. crataegina DC. (73.48 µg GAE/mg KM) was found higher than B. vulgaris (71.54 µg GAE/mg KM). According to three methods (β-carotene, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) the antioxidant activity of the B. crataegina is also higher. The change in color (L*, b*) is found statistically important (p <.05). There are no meaningful differences between the dry matter, C vitamin, pH value, and water activity (p >.05). It was observed that the fruit type has a great effect on brix and ash content (p <.05) and glucose, total sugar, and malic acid content. Chlorogenic acid is the dominant phenolic component for both types. It is followed by syringic, sinapic, and gallic acid in B. vulgaris and sinapic, syringic, and gallic acid in B. crataegina. Practical applications: Wild fruits have been consumed for centuries in nutrition or pharmacology applications. They are known as rich resources of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. For that reason, wild fruits play an important role in the prevention and treatment of some diseases especially cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this study, wild-grown B. vulgaris and B. crataegina were analyzed in detail according to their bioactive properties and an assessment was made in terms of industrial and medical usability. This study reports mineral content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and the phenolic acid profile (sinapic, syringic, gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, vanillic, trans-ferulic, p-coumaric, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) of two Berberis varieties. According to results, these fruits may be used as natural flavoring and coloring material in food sector. Thanks to the active ingredients and minerals; these fruits may be used in pharmaceutical industry. They have a good potential for commercial exploitation and positive effects on health.
AtıfScopus16WoS8OpenAlex16İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ3Biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of (R)-1-tetralol using Lactobacillus paracasei BD101
Kalay, Erbay; Şahin, Engin
Asymmetric bioreduction of ketones is a fundamental process in the production of organic molecules. Compounds containing tetralone rings are found in the structure of many biologically active and pharmaceutical molecules. Biocatalytic reduction of ketones is one of the most promising and significant routes to prepare optically active alcohols. In this study, the reductive capacity of Lactobacillus paracasei BD101 was investigated as whole-cell biocatalyst in the enantioselective reduction of 1-tetralone (1). In biocatalytic reduction reactions, the conversion of the substrate and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the product are significantly affected by optimization parameters such as temperature, agitation rate, pH, and incubation time. Effects of these parameters on ee and conversion were investigated comprehensively. (R)-1-tetralol ((R)-2), which can be used to treat disorder such as obsessive compulsive, post-traumatic stress, premenstrual dysphoric, and social anxiety, was manufactured in enantiopure form, high yield and gram-scale, using whole-cell biocatalysts of L. paracasei BD101. The 7.04 g of (R)-2 was obtained in optically pure form with 95% yield. Also, to our knowledge, this is the first report on production of (R)-2 using whole-cell biocatalyst in excellent yield, conversion, enantiopure form and gram scale. This is a clean, eco-friendly and cheap method for the synthesis of (R)-2 compared with chemical catalyst.
AtıfScopus23WoS23OpenAlex24İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1Screening of plant pollen sources, polyphenolic compounds, fatty acids and antioxidant/antimicrobial activity from bee pollen
Gercek, Yusuf Can; Celik, Saffet; Bayram, And Sinan
In this study, the botanical origin, total flavonoid and phenolic content, antioxidant activity, phenolic profile and fatty acid composition of mixed bee pollen loads collected in Bayburt, Turkey, were determined. In addition to these assays, antibacterial activity of bee-collected pollen extract (BCPE) against a variety of food-borne pathogenic bacteria was determined in vitro. Pollen loads were classified into five botanical families based on their color: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Campanulaceae, Cistaceae and Rosaceae. Total flavonoid, total phenolic, CUPRAC and CERAC concentrations were 173.52 mg GAE/g, 79.21 mg QE/g, 85.59 mg Trolox/g and 118.13 mg Trolox/g, respectively. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were scanned in bee pollen extract by LC-MS/MS, with rutin being the most abundant. Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19 docosahexaenoic acid was the predominant fatty acid, followed by cis-11-eicosenoic acid, palmitic acid, and alfa linolenic acid. In addition, the agar well diffusion (AWD) and micro-broth dilution methods were used to determine of the antibacterial activity of the BCPE sample. MIC values were observed to vary between 2.5–5 mg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and 5–10 mg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. These findings indicate that bee pollen could be a potential source of antioxidants and antimicrobials.
AtıfScopus62WoS56OpenAlex71İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Characterization of a glucansucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri E81 and production of malto-oligosaccharides
İspirli, Hümeyra; Yüzer, Mustafa Onur; Skory, Christopher; Colquhoun, Ian J.; Sağdıç, Osman; Dertli, Enes
Glucansucrases, which can be produced by different Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different structures and properties using sucrose as substrate. In this study, a novel glucansucrase (GTFA) from Lactobacillus reuteri E81 was identified and heterologously expressed. Alignments of GTFA with other glucansucrases revealed its novelty and a putative 3D model structure was obtained. The biochemical properties of the truncated enzyme without the N-terminal variable region, GTFA-ΔN, was characterized. The Km and Vmax were found to be 7.5 mM and 1.49 IU/mg, respectively, and it showed optimum activities at pH 7 and at 50 °C. The GTFA-ΔN produced in vitro an α-glucan with (α1 → 3) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages using sucrose as the substrate. Importantly, GTFA-ΔN synthesized DP = 9 oligosaccharides using sucrose and maltose as the donor and acceptor sugars, respectively, as detected by TLC, HPLC, LC-MS and NMR analysis.
AtıfScopus40WoS40OpenAlex40İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Structural and physicochemical characterisation and antioxidant activity of an α-D-glucan produced by sourdough isolate Weissella cibaria MED17
Aburas, Hani; İspirli, Hümeyra; Taylan, Osman; Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Dertli, Enes
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) producer slimy-mucoid type colony was isolated from sourdough and identified as Weissella cibaria MED17. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of EPS MED17 demonstrated that this EPS was a dextran type glucan ((1 → 6)-linked α-D-glucose core structure) containing (1 → 3)-linked α-D-glucose branches and proportion of (1 → 6)-linked α-D-glucose units to (1 → 3)-linked α-D-glucose units was 94.3:5.7%. The FTIR analysis also confirmed the (1 → 6)-linked α-D-glucose linkage. A high level of thermal stability was observed for glucan MED17 as no degradation up to 300 °C was observed by TGA and DSC analysis. The XRD analysis of glucan MED17 showed its semi- crystalline nature and its compact sheet-like morphology was observed by SEM analysis. Finally, antioxidant characteristics of glucan MED17 were determined by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity tests that revealed a moderate antioxidant activity of glucan MED17. These findings show potential techno-functional characteristics of glucan MED17.
AtıfScopus58WoS55OpenAlex59İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3The quality characteristics and shelf life of probiotic ice cream produced with saruc and Saccharomyces boulardii
Salik, M.A.; Arslaner, A.
Ten types of classic and probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) ice cream were produced using different mixture combinations containing 10 or 20% Saruc, a traditional Turkish snack containing dried Cimin grape, Kemah walnut, and 0.5 or 1.0% grape seed. Physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses conducted during the storage period (days 1, 15, 30 and 60 at-20 ± 1°C) were used to assess the probiotic shelf life and quality properties of the ice cream samples. The desired therapeutic effects of S. boulardii levels in probiotic products were from 106 to 108 CFU/g during storage. The results revealed that Saruc, grape seed, and S. boulardii had a significant effect on the quality properties of ice cream samples. Titration acidity, total dry matter, fat, protein, ash, glucose, fructose, total sugar, viscosity, first dripping time, complete melting time, a& value, and calorie (kcal) values increased with increasing concentration of Saruc. However, pH, sucrose, melting rate, L&, and b& values decreased. Grape seed increased titration acidity, protein, fat, ash, viscosity, first dripping time, complete melting time, and calorie values in all samples, but decreased the pH values. The addition of Saruc and grape seed positively affected the growth and viability of S. boulardii at levels from 106 to 108 CFU/g during storage. Taking all the quality parameters into consideration, it was shown that with the addition of Saruc, grape seed, and S. boulardii, new functional ice creams with high nutritional value could be produced.
AtıfScopus14İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Honeys from some different regions of Azerbaijan: bioactive characteristics based on phenolic profile and antioxidant activity
Degirmenci, Atiye; Can, Zehra; Boyraci, Gulsum Merve; Yildiz, Oktay; Asadov, Elsevar; Kolayli, Sevgi
Azerbaijan is an important region for the beekeeping and honey industry. Biochemical characteristics of eleven honey samples from different regions of Azerbaijan were analyzed through measuring electrical conductivity, optical activity, moisture content, proline and diastase number. Phenolic components are analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV–Vis double beam detector. Sugars profiles of samples were carried out using HPLC with a refractive index detector (RID). Total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity were measured with the aim of gathering information on the antioxidant power of samples. Biochemical and antioxidant characteristics are also supported with melissopalynological data. Conductivity ranged between 0.32 and 0.82 mS cm−1, moisture 14.52 and 20.78%, proline 314.34 and 1077.21 mg kg−1, diastase 13.05 and 22.19. Azerbaijan honeys exhibited levorotatory properties. Total phenolic content varied from 18.82 to 154.75 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g honey. The results confirm that physico-chemical and biologically active properties of Azerbaijan honeys are affected by the flora and geographical variations.
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