Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Ayata, Ümit(11)
- Esteves, Bruno(4)
- Peker, Hüseyin(4)
- Can, Ahmet(2)
- Domingos, Idalina(2)
- Ferreira, José(2)
- Sahin, Sirri(2)
- Sivrikaya, Hüseyin(2)
- Ulay, Göksel(2)
- Adal, Samiye(1)
- Akter, Mete(1)
- Atılgan, Abdi(1)
- Bal, Bekir Cihad(1)
- Eroglu, Salih(1)
- Gürleyen, Levent(1)
- Jeevarathinam, G.(1)
- Kamiloglu, Aybike(1)
- Karabacak, Azime Ozkan(1)
- Kothakota, Anjineyulu(1)
- Koç, Gulsah Caliskan(1)
- Kutlu, Naciye(1)
- Maerescu, Cristina Maria(1)
- Malçok, Senanur Durgut(1)
- Pandiselvam, R.(1)
- Pandiselvam, Ravi(1)
- Ramniwas, Seema(1)
- Rustagi, Sarvesh(1)
- Saka, Irem(1)
- Socol, Claudia Terezia(1)
- Sruthi, N.U.(1)
- Su, Dianbin(1)
- Süfer, Ozge(1)
- Tuncay Efe, Fatih(1)
- Türk, Mutlu(1)
- Uslu, Ulku Hilal(1)
- Wang, Deqing(1)
- Çakicier, Nevzat(1)
- Çakıcıer, Nevzat(1)
- Çiftçi, Seymen(1)
- Öztekin, Sebahat(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3Effects of Various Bleaching Chemicals on Some Surface Properties of Ebony Species (African, Black, and Macassar)
Ayata, Ümit
The concept of color is not always suitable for some trees according to customers’ preferences. The color of the wooden material changes with processes such as heat treatment, impregnation, bleaching, etc. When the color of the wooden material changes, the surface also undergoes changes in its inherent properties. African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora Hiern.), black ebony (Diospyros ebenum), and Macassar ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) wood species were treated using a single-component bleaching chemical [oxalic acid (C2H2O4)] and double component bleaching chemical [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] using a brushing technique. Subsequently, the characteristics of the changes that occurred were determined, including color parameters and whiteness index (WI*) values. The wood species exhibited different behaviors (increases and decreases specific to each test) in response to both bleaching agents. There was an observed increase in the a*, b* and C* values, while the ho values decreased for all wood species. Furthermore, WI* values in directions perpendicular and parallel to the fibers were reduced in all wood species by oxalic acid treatment.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2THE EFFECTS OF THERMAL AGING ON COLOR AND GLOSSINESS IN UV CURED COATINGS APPLIED TO SESSILE OAK
Şahin, Sırrı; Ayata, Ümit; Esteves, Bruno
Color and glossiness are two important aesthetic properties of wood flooring and wood furniture that significantly affect consumers choice. With time the coating deteriorates altering the surface properties. Un-derstanding these changes is important for furniture industry, impacting design choices, material selection, and long-term maintenance. The effects of thermal aging (30 °C for 30 days, 60 °C for 60 days, and 90 °C for 90 days) on color parameters (C*, L*, b*. a*, ho) and glossiness on both perpendicular () and parallel (║) directions at 20°, 60°, and 85° angles in UV-cured coatings applied on sessile oak were studied. Results show that statistically significant differences were observed in the glossiness values, as well as in C*, b*, a*, L* and ho. As the temperature and duration of the thermal aging process increased, there was a noticeable increase in the values of color parameters b*, a*, and C*, while the values of ho and L* decreased. The characteristics of the surfaces exposed to thermal aging have undergone a complete transformation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3Testing of Bleaching Application on Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis Ducke) Wood; [Analiza primjene izbjeljivanja na drvu kingwooda (Dalbergia cearensis Ducke)]
Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit
In this study, surface changes (whiteness index: WI*, color parameters, and glossiness properties) occurring after bleaching with oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH) chemicals in kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis Ducke) wood, used for high-quality applications such as quality turning, marquetry, furniture, inlay work, musical instruments, and decorative items, were investigated. The ΔE* values were determined as 5.46 for the single component and 8.69 for the double component. Decreases in L* and ho parameters were obtained by the action of the C2H2O4 chemical, while increases were observed in the a*, C*, and b* parameters. Additionally, the use of H2O2 + NaOH chemicals in the bleaching process resulted in increases in L*, b*, C*, and ho values, with a decrease noted in the a* parameter. Observations revealed reductions in glossiness values at 60 and 85 degrees when employing two distinct bleaching agents in both orientations. It can be said that the bleaching agents used in the study exert varying effects as modifiers on the surface of wooden materials.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3Effect of Thermal Modification and Picture Varnish Application on Color Change of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Wood
Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit; Ulay, Göksel
Scots pine is one of the important tree species used by the wood processing industry in many countries for both interior and exterior applications. It is well known that thermal treatment alters the color of wood. To protect wood from outdoor environmental conditions, certain chemicals are applied to its surface. These protective chemicals also influence the color of thermally treated wood. In this study, the color-altering effect of picture varnish (refined linseed oil), commonly used as a protective chemical in the field of painting, was investigated on both thermally treated and untreated wood materials. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were subjected to thermal treatment at 212 °C for 2 h. Following this, varnish made from refined linseed oil was applied to some of these samples and some untreated samples, with the remaining untreated samples used as controls. Color and whiteness index (WI*) values were analyzed on the resulting four different materials, and the results were compared. Analysis of variance showed significant effects for the factors of heat treatment, picture varnish application, and their interaction, on WI* (|| and ⊥), a*, L*, ho, b*, and C* values. In the non-heat-treated samples, the application of varnish resulted in reductions in WI* values in both directions and in L* values, while increases were observed in ho, b*, C*, and a* values. Additionally, the application of varnish to the heat-treated samples resulted in an increase in a* values, while reductions were observed in WI* values in both directions, as well as in ho, L*, b*, and C* values. After heat treatment, the ∆E* value for Scots pine wood was calculated as 33.63. For both heat-treated and non-heat-treated samples, varnish application resulted in negative ∆L* values and positive ∆a* values. Additionally, ∆b* and ∆C* values were positive in the non-heat-treated and varnished samples, while they were negative in the heat-treated and varnished samples. The protective picture varnish used in the study significantly altered the color of both thermally treated and untreated wood.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3The Effect of Weathering on Color and Glossiness Properties of Polyurethane-Modified Water-Based Varnish Layers Applied to Thermally Treated Ash Wood
Ulay, Göksel; Akter, Mete; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit; Atılgan, Abdi; Çiftçi, Seymen
The effects of artificial weathering (168, 336, and 504 h) on the glossiness values and color parameters of varnished, polyurethane-modified ash wood were investigated. Samples included control samples without treatment and thermally treated samples under two different conditions (190 °C for 1.5 h and 212 °C for 2 h), all coated with a polyurethane-modified water-based varnish. In non-thermally treated and varnished samples, decreases in L* values were observed after weathering, while increases were noted in ho, C*, b*, and glossiness at 60° in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. After weathering, for samples thermally treated at 190 °C for 1.5 h and varnished, increases were observed in glossiness values at 20° and 60° in both directions, as well as in L*, b*, and ho values. Conversely, decreases were noted in a* and C* values. In samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished, increases in a*, L*, ho, b*, and C* values were detected after weathering, whereas decreases were observed in glossiness at all angles (20° and 60°) in both directions. The ∆E* values showed a decreasing trend in non-thermally treated varnished samples after weathering, while an increase was observed in samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished.
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İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Evaluation of the Effect of Sustainable Drying Techniques and Intensification Technologies on Color Profile of Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables
Süfer, Ozge; Koç, Gulsah Caliskan; Öztekin, Sebahat; Karabacak, Azime Ozkan; Su, Dianbin; Wang, Deqing; Eroglu, Salih; Malçok, Senanur Durgut; Uslu, Ulku Hilal; Adal, Samiye
This research investigates the effects of various drying procedures and intensification technologies on the color profile of dried fruits and vegetables. The primary goal is to identify the most effective techniques for minimizing degradation, which is frequently caused by exposure to heat, oxygen, and longer drying durations, while retaining the original color of these products. Although conventional techniques like sun and hot air drying are often employed, enzymatic and non-enzymatic brownings usually cause a considerable loss of color. New technologies aim to better preserve the original color by cutting down on processing temperature and drying time. The paper also looks at the possibilities of hybrid drying approaches, which combine techniques such as infrared hot air drying and microwave hot air drying. These methods have been demonstrated to be especially successful in preserving color integrity and enhancing drying process effectiveness. The results highlight the vital significance that parameter optimization and drying technique selection play in maintaining the nutritional value and aesthetic appeal of dehydrated fruits and vegetables. This study emphasizes the significance of developing drying technologies to satisfy consumer desires for premium, aesthetically pleasing food goods, because color is a major factor in determining consumer acceptance and perceived product quality. With wider implications for food preservation and the food industry overall, this work helps to develop more effective and efficient drying processes by shedding light on how various drying techniques affect color retention.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024The effects of carbonate and vinegar mixture on selected surface properties of iatandza (Albizia ferruginea) wood; [Iatandza (Albizia ferruginea) odununda seçilmiş bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine karbonat ve sirke karışımının etkileri]
Ayata, Ümit
The color of wooden materials can be altered through various applications (thermal treatment, bleaching, impregnation, aging, etc.). This study aimed to investigate alterations in color, whiteness index (WI*), and glossiness properties resulting from the application of two distinct solutions (two different types of vinegar and a mixture of carbonate) on the surfaces of iatandza (Albizia ferruginea) wood. A reference group was established, and the surfaces subjected to treatments were compared among themselves. According to the results of the analysis of variance conducted, the solution type prepared over all tests was determined to be statistically significant. The L*, C*, b*, and a* values in the color parameters decreased while the h° value exhibited an increase after the application of solutions. The ∆E* values were measured at 13.63 for the carbonate + vinegar (A) solution and 13.13 for the carbonate + vinegar (B) solution. Furthermore, the calculated differences ∆b*, ∆L*, ∆a*, and ∆C* using color formulas were observed to be negative for both solutions. Glossiness values exhibited reductions in both directions at 60 and 85 degrees, alongside decreases in WI* values in both orientations. It was noted that the application of solutions resulted in alterations to the surface characteristics of the wooden material.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3Change in Wood Color Due To The Use of Waste Vegetable Oils
Ayata, Ümit
An investigation was carried out without the use of thermal treatment to determine whether waste oils have color-altering effects on wood material surfaces. Waste vegetable oils (walnut, sunflower, corn, and olive) were applied to the surfaces of wood materials from ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum), fukadi (Terminalia amazonia), guatambú (Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl.), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.), and rengas (Gluta renghas L.) tree species. Subsequently, a control group was established, and experimental samples were compared. Changes in color parameters (L*, ∆a*, C*, ∆L*, a*, ∆b*, ho, ∆H*, b*, ∆C*, and ∆E*) were investigated. The results of multivariate analysis of variance for color parameters (C*, ho, L*, a*, and b*) were found to be statistically significant. A decrease in ho and L* was observed for all wood types and waste oils. On the other hand, a* and b* values increased and C* values decreased in guatambú and ayous wood on application of all waste vegetable oils. However, in the case of mahogany and rengas wood, a* and b* values decreased while C* values increased.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3Investigation of Use of Linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench.) Wood with UV System Varnish Application IN INDOOR Parquet Flooring
Ayata, Ümit; Esteves, Bruno; Domingos, Idalina; Ferreira, José; Tuncay Efe, Fatih; Türk, Mutlu; Çakicier, Nevzat; Gürleyen, Levent; Peker, Hüseyin
Linden wood is used in the making of musical instruments, agricultural hand tools, and in the furniture sector. In this study, the changes in glossiness (parallel (//) and perpendicular (⊥) to the fibers at 20°, 60°, and 85°, the pull-off adhesion test, color parameters (CIEL) and pendulum hardness (König method) of two different UV curable varnishes applied to linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench.) according to industrial application techniques and exposed to artificial weathering were investigated. According to the research results, while L*, ΔH*, and h° decreased with increasing weathering time in both varnish layers, ΔC*, b*, ΔE*, a*, and C* rose. The pendulum hardness grew for Method B but dwindled for Method A. A decrease was found in the adhesion tests for both varnish methods after artificial weathering. The glossiness was generally reduced due to artificial weathering for all the angles and for both directions, with the exception of 85º in Method A. The variance analysis and homogeneity groups showed that the changes in the adhesion, pendulum hardness, L*, a*, h°, C*, perpendicular and parallel to the fibers for 60° and 85° were found to be significantly different with artificial weathering for both methods.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ2EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL WEATHERING ON THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF COATED RADIATA PINE
Sahin, Sirri; Esteves, Bruno; Can, Ahmet; Sivrikaya, Hüseyin; Domingos, Idalina; Ferreira, José; Ayata, Ümit
Radiata pine boards were coated with two different methods A and B both beginning with a hydro primer and finishing with a mat oil but method A using an acrylic high gloss coating and method B three layers of an acrylic sealer in between. The samples were subjected to aging processes for 144 h, 288 h, and 432 h by using UV-A 340 nm lamps. The CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*H* coordinates were determined (L*, a*, b*, C*, ho*, ΔE*), gloss (perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (//) to the grain at 20°, 60°, and 85° angles) and surface adhesion strength via the pull-off method were tested before and after weathering. Results have shown that lightness (L*), decreases with weathering for both varnish applications with a higher decrease for the B coating system. Redness increased for both applications with no significant differences. At the same time there was a yellowing of the samples along the weathering period. Parallel and perpendicular gloss decreased for 20º and 60º angles while it increased for 85º angle. The adhesion strength of method A was higher and its decrease with weathering was smaller than for method B. Both varnish applications have proven to confer some protection against wood discoloration, but method A showed the best results and is therefore the best method to be used by radiata pine.
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex2İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1Impact of ultrasonication applications on color profile of foods
Kutlu, Naciye; Pandiselvam, R.; Kamiloglu, Aybike; Saka, Irem; Sruthi, N.U.; Kothakota, Anjineyulu; Socol, Claudia Terezia; Maerescu, Cristina Maria
Food color is a feature that provides preliminary information about their preference or consumption. There are dominant pigments that determine the color of each food; the most important pigments are anthocyanins (red–purple color), chlorophylls (green color), carotenoids (yellow-orange color), and betalains (red color). These pigments can be easily affected by temperature, light, oxygen, or pH, thereby altering their properties. Therefore, while processing, it is necessary to prevent the deterioration of these pigments to the maximum possible extent. Ultrasonication, which is one of the emerging non-thermal methods, has multidimensional applications in the food industry. The present review collates information on various aspects of ultrasonication technology, its mechanism of action, influencing factors, and the competence of different ultrasonication applications (drying, irradiation, extraction, pasteurization, cooking, tempering, etc.) in preserving the color of food. It was concluded that ultrasonication treatments provide low-temperature processing at a short time, which positively influences the color properties. However, selecting optimum ultrasonic processing conditions (frequency, power, time, etc.) is crucial for each food to obtain the best color. The key challenges and limitations of the technique and possible future applications are also covered in the paper, serving as a touchstone for further research in this area.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3Determination of some wood properties and response to weathering of citrus limon (L.) Burm Wood
Sahin, Sirri; Ayata, Ümit; Bal, Bekir Cihad; Esteves, Bruno; Can, Ahmet; Sivrikaya, Hüseyin
The ability of Citrus limon (L.) Burm wood to be used for flooring applications was considered in this work. Selected wood properties were determined, and the response to weathering was tested. Janka hardness, density, screw withdrawal resistance, color, glossiness, and artificial weathering (144, 288, and 432 h) were determined. The wood from Citrus limon was shown to be a dense wood with air density around 830 kg/m3 and with a high Janka hardness of 138.0 N/mm2, 120.4 N/mm2, and 115.9 N/mm2 for cross, tangential, and radial sections, respectively. This opens good perspectives to this kind of wood being used for flooring. Statistical analysis showed that both Janka hardness and screw withdrawal resistance were significantly different between surfaces. Nevertheless, the homogeneity groups showed that the main differences were between the surfaces in the longitudinal direction when compared with the transverse direction. The wood is lighter than most common woods and it is mainly yellow. After weathering, the wood became darker, redder, and yellower. Glossiness decreased in the first hours of the weathering period.
AtıfScopus8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Effects of artificial weathering on the surface properties of ultraviolet varnish applied to lemonwood (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.)
Ayata, Ümit
Ultraviolet varnishes are widely used for production processes in the parquet industry. A large number of chemicals are used in this sector, and each one has different characteristics. In this study, the effects of accelerated aging of ultraviolet varnish (3 and 5 coats) when applied to lemonwood (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) (grown in Mezitli, Mersin, Turkey) were investigated. The ultraviolet varnish coated samples were subjected to aging processes (144 h, 288 h, and 432 h) by using UV-A 340 nm lamps. Color (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE*) parameters, glossiness (perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (//) at 20°, 60°, and 85°), and surface adhesion strength via the pull-off method for ultraviolet varnish coated samples were quantified before and after weathering. According to the results, the varnish type, aging period, and interaction between all studied variables, i.e. L*, a*, b* color parameters, glossiness (perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (//) at 20°, 60°, and 85°), and adhesion strength were found to alter the surface properties. As a result, the lemon tree can be used in the production of an ultraviolet parquet system.
AtıfScopus16WoS12OpenAlex17İncele