Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2Weathering effects on pendulum hardness, and pull-off adhesion testing of water-based varnish on thermally treated iroko wood
Ulay, Göksel; Akter, Mete; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Ayata, Ümit
This study evaluated the effects of different weathering durations (168, 336, and 504 h) on surface hardness and adhesion strength of both heat-treated (1.5 h at 190 °C and 2 h at 212 °C) and untreated iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) wood surfaces after application of water-based varnish (WBV). Pendulum hardness (s) and pull-off adhesion (MPa) tests were performed after weathering. According to the results, in the untreated control group, hardness increased from 30 s to 45 s after 504 h of weathering, showing a 48% increase. In the samples treated at 190 °C, hardness increased from 25 s to 41 s after 504 h, showing a 61% increase. The highest increase was observed in the samples treated at 212 °C. Here, the hardness increased from 23 s to 44 s, representing a 91% increase after 504 h of weathering. The highest initial surface adhesion strength (5.30 MPa) was obtained in the unheated samples; however, this value decreased significantly after weathering. Although the initial adhesion strength was lower in the heat-treated samples, those treated at 212 °C for 2 h exhibited more stable weathering performance. The results show that the acceleration of weathering and the application of heat significantly affect the effectiveness of the varnish coating.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3Effects of Artificial Weathering Resistance on the Hardness Value of Ash Wood Surfaces Coated with Polyurethane Modified Water-Based Varnish after Heat Treatment
Akter, Mete; Ulay, Göksel; Peker, Hüseyin; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Atilgan, Abdi; Ayata, Ümit
Pendulum hardness test is important for determining the mechanical durability and long-term performance of the film layer formed on the surface of wood thermally treated at high temperatures and coated with water-based varnish (WBV). In this study, the effect of artificial weathering conditions on the pendulum hardness (König method) of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood samples varnished with polyurethane modified WBV was investigated. The samples were thermally treated under two conditions (190°C for 1.5 h and 212°C for 2 h) and compared with untreated control samples. The samples were exposed to artificial weathering conditions (for periods of 0, 168, 336 and 504 h). Pendulum hardness values were measured at the end of each weathering period. According to the results, increases in hardness values were observed in both heat-treated and untreated ash wood samples treated with varnish after weathering. In the varnished samples treated at 212°C for 2 h, the post-weathering hardness increases were lower compared to the samples treated at 190°C for 1.5 h and the control group. Additionally, analysis of variance for the pendulum hardness test, heat treatment, weathering time and their interaction were determined to be statistically significant. The significant increases in hardness values observed in the unweathered samples highlight the importance of the wood, varnish, and weathering process.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3The Effect of Weathering on Color and Glossiness Properties of Polyurethane-Modified Water-Based Varnish Layers Applied to Thermally Treated Ash Wood
Ulay, Göksel; Akter, Mete; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit; Atılgan, Abdi; Çiftçi, Seymen
The effects of artificial weathering (168, 336, and 504 h) on the glossiness values and color parameters of varnished, polyurethane-modified ash wood were investigated. Samples included control samples without treatment and thermally treated samples under two different conditions (190 °C for 1.5 h and 212 °C for 2 h), all coated with a polyurethane-modified water-based varnish. In non-thermally treated and varnished samples, decreases in L* values were observed after weathering, while increases were noted in ho, C*, b*, and glossiness at 60° in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. After weathering, for samples thermally treated at 190 °C for 1.5 h and varnished, increases were observed in glossiness values at 20° and 60° in both directions, as well as in L*, b*, and ho values. Conversely, decreases were noted in a* and C* values. In samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished, increases in a*, L*, ho, b*, and C* values were detected after weathering, whereas decreases were observed in glossiness at all angles (20° and 60°) in both directions. The ∆E* values showed a decreasing trend in non-thermally treated varnished samples after weathering, while an increase was observed in samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Comparison of the effects of accelerated aging with different lamps (UV-A and -B) on color and pendulum hardness properties of Russian olive wood treated with UV system varnish
Ayata, Ümit; Efe, Fatih Tuncay; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Türk, Mutlu
In this study, some surface changes were investigated in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) wood with UV system parquet varnish (3 and 5 layers) applied indoors, after exposure to artificial aging environments with different lamps. UV-A 340 and UV-B 313 type lamps were used in the aging application. Experimental samples were exposed to 252 hours of aging. In addition, tests of color parameters [(red color (a*) tone, yellow color (b*) tone and lightness (L*)] and pendulum hardness values were performed on aged and unaged varnish layers. According to the results of the research, statistical analysis of variance results were obtained for all tests in both varnish types and both lamp types. After the layers of both varnish types were exposed to 252 hours of aging of both lamp types, L* and b* values decreased while a* values increased. It was determined that the total color difference results of UV-B 313 lamps in both varnish types were higher than that of UV-A 340 lamps. Pendulum hardness values gave different results against different lamps.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış karakavak odununda renk, parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
Karakavak odunu mobilya, lambri ve kontrplak üretimi için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, karakavak (Populus nigra L.) odununa uygulanmış 3 ve 5 kat UV sistem vernik katmanları ile yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, yaşlandırma öncesi ve sonrasında (252 ve 504 saat) vernikli malzemeler üzerinde renk parametreleri (∆E*, ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, L*, a* ve b*), parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci (pull-off) testleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, her iki vernik türü için UVB-313 lambalarına sahip yaşlandırma koşulları sonralarında yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile yüzeye yapışma direncinde ve L* değerinde azalma belirlenirken, a* ve b* değerleri için artışlar meydana gelmiştir. ∆E* değerleri 3 kat uygulamasının 5 kat uygulamasınınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, her iki vernik uygulaması için bütün yönlerde ve derecelerde yapılan parlaklık ölçümleri, yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Salınımsal sertlikte 3 kat uygulamasına sahip yüzeylerin, 5 kat uygulamasınınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmüş, her iki vernik türünde de 252. saatin sonunda azalmalar görülürken, 504. saatin sonunda artış elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, istenilen sertlik direncine ait ortam koşullarına göre (mekân zemin tercihi) kullanım alanları doğrultusunda bu malzemenin kullanılması önerile bilinir.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Effects of Artificial Aging of UVB-313 Lamps on Some Surface Properties of UV System Varnished Black Locust Wood
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
Black locust wood is known to be used in poles, mine timber, railway ties, ship timber, insulator pins, wood nails for wooden shipbuilding, crates, boxes, pegs, fences, construction and furniture industries. In this study, color, gloss, surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness of UV system parquet varnishes (3 and 5 coats) applied to the surface of acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.,) wood after accelerated aging with UVB-313 lamps (252 and 504 h). The effects on the properties were investigated. According to the findings obtained, the results of analysis of variance belonging to all tests were determined to be significant. The glossiness values, pendulum hardness values and surface adhesion resistance of the lacquered materials with 5 layers application were higher than those of the varnished materials with 3 layers application at 20o, 60o and 85o in parallel (//) and perpendicular (⊥) directions to the fibers. After aging, a* values increased for both varnish types, while L* values decreased. It can be said that this type of wood can be used in the parquet industry.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış sedir odununun yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması sonrasında bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
UV kürlenmeli uygulamaların kullanımları, günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmesi ile yaygın bir hale gelmiştir. Bu UV kürlenmeli sistemlerin avantajları da, müşterilerin kullanıma ait çeşitli özelliklerini (uçucu organik bileşik, direnç, vb.) desteklemektedir. Bu uygulamalar birçok sektör açısından tercih edilmekte olunup, uygulama alanlarından biriside ahşap malzeme yüzeyleri olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel uygulamalara göre Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich) odunu yüzeylerine UV kürlenmeli parke vernikleri uygulanmış malzemeler üzerinde UV-B 313 lambalarının bulunduğu yapay yaşlandırmaya ortamına maruz bırakılması ile meydana gelen yüzeylerdeki değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; yaşlandırma uygulamaları, parlaklık (20o, 60o ve 85o’de liflere paralel ve dik) değerlerinde ve ışıklılık (L*) değerlerinde azalmalara, kırmızı (a*) ve sarı (b*) renk ton değerlerinde ise artışlar görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, salınımsal sertlik değerleri 3 kat uygulamada yaşlandırma sonrasında azalırken, 5 kat uygulamasında artmıştır. 504 saatlik yaşlandırma sonunda her iki vernik türünde toplam renk farkı (∆E*) değerleri “farklı renk” kriterini vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, literatürdeki çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında Toros sedirinin UV sistem parke endüstrisinde kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
AtıfOpenAlex12TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Determination of the artificial aging performance of the apricot wood applied with UV system parquet varnish used indoors
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
Abundantly grown for apricot tree fruit. Apricot wood is used for different purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the performance of the ultraviolet (UV) system parquet varnished layers against artificial aging applied to apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) wood. For this purpose, UV system parquet varnish was applied on apricot wood surfaces in 3 and 5 layers in accordance with industrial applications. The materials obtained were exposed for 252 and 504 h in an accelerated aging device with UVA-340 lamp. After aging, lightness (L*), red (a*) color tone, yellow (b*) color tone, perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (//) glossiness values to the fibers at 20o, 60o and 85o, adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness (könig method) tests were determined. According to the results of the research, variance analysis was obtained significantly for all tests. After aging, for both varnish applications, all glossiness values, yellow color tone and lightness values decreased, while red color tone values increased. While the hardness decreased in the 3-layer application, the adhesion resistance was increased, and the 5-layer application gave an opposite result.
AtıfOpenAlex19TR Dizin8İncele
