Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3Investigation of Use of Linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench.) Wood with UV System Varnish Application IN INDOOR Parquet Flooring
Ayata, Ümit; Esteves, Bruno; Domingos, Idalina; Ferreira, José; Tuncay Efe, Fatih; Türk, Mutlu; Çakicier, Nevzat; Gürleyen, Levent; Peker, Hüseyin
Linden wood is used in the making of musical instruments, agricultural hand tools, and in the furniture sector. In this study, the changes in glossiness (parallel (//) and perpendicular (⊥) to the fibers at 20°, 60°, and 85°, the pull-off adhesion test, color parameters (CIEL) and pendulum hardness (König method) of two different UV curable varnishes applied to linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench.) according to industrial application techniques and exposed to artificial weathering were investigated. According to the research results, while L*, ΔH*, and h° decreased with increasing weathering time in both varnish layers, ΔC*, b*, ΔE*, a*, and C* rose. The pendulum hardness grew for Method B but dwindled for Method A. A decrease was found in the adhesion tests for both varnish methods after artificial weathering. The glossiness was generally reduced due to artificial weathering for all the angles and for both directions, with the exception of 85º in Method A. The variance analysis and homogeneity groups showed that the changes in the adhesion, pendulum hardness, L*, a*, h°, C*, perpendicular and parallel to the fibers for 60° and 85° were found to be significantly different with artificial weathering for both methods.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Comparison of the effects of accelerated aging with different lamps (UV-A and -B) on color and pendulum hardness properties of Russian olive wood treated with UV system varnish
Ayata, Ümit; Efe, Fatih Tuncay; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Türk, Mutlu
In this study, some surface changes were investigated in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) wood with UV system parquet varnish (3 and 5 layers) applied indoors, after exposure to artificial aging environments with different lamps. UV-A 340 and UV-B 313 type lamps were used in the aging application. Experimental samples were exposed to 252 hours of aging. In addition, tests of color parameters [(red color (a*) tone, yellow color (b*) tone and lightness (L*)] and pendulum hardness values were performed on aged and unaged varnish layers. According to the results of the research, statistical analysis of variance results were obtained for all tests in both varnish types and both lamp types. After the layers of both varnish types were exposed to 252 hours of aging of both lamp types, L* and b* values decreased while a* values increased. It was determined that the total color difference results of UV-B 313 lamps in both varnish types were higher than that of UV-A 340 lamps. Pendulum hardness values gave different results against different lamps.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış karakavak odununda renk, parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
Karakavak odunu mobilya, lambri ve kontrplak üretimi için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, karakavak (Populus nigra L.) odununa uygulanmış 3 ve 5 kat UV sistem vernik katmanları ile yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, yaşlandırma öncesi ve sonrasında (252 ve 504 saat) vernikli malzemeler üzerinde renk parametreleri (∆E*, ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, L*, a* ve b*), parlaklık, salınımsal sertlik ve yüzeye yapışma direnci (pull-off) testleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, her iki vernik türü için UVB-313 lambalarına sahip yaşlandırma koşulları sonralarında yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile yüzeye yapışma direncinde ve L* değerinde azalma belirlenirken, a* ve b* değerleri için artışlar meydana gelmiştir. ∆E* değerleri 3 kat uygulamasının 5 kat uygulamasınınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, her iki vernik uygulaması için bütün yönlerde ve derecelerde yapılan parlaklık ölçümleri, yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Salınımsal sertlikte 3 kat uygulamasına sahip yüzeylerin, 5 kat uygulamasınınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmüş, her iki vernik türünde de 252. saatin sonunda azalmalar görülürken, 504. saatin sonunda artış elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, istenilen sertlik direncine ait ortam koşullarına göre (mekân zemin tercihi) kullanım alanları doğrultusunda bu malzemenin kullanılması önerile bilinir.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Effects of Artificial Aging of UVB-313 Lamps on Some Surface Properties of UV System Varnished Black Locust Wood
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
Black locust wood is known to be used in poles, mine timber, railway ties, ship timber, insulator pins, wood nails for wooden shipbuilding, crates, boxes, pegs, fences, construction and furniture industries. In this study, color, gloss, surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness of UV system parquet varnishes (3 and 5 coats) applied to the surface of acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.,) wood after accelerated aging with UVB-313 lamps (252 and 504 h). The effects on the properties were investigated. According to the findings obtained, the results of analysis of variance belonging to all tests were determined to be significant. The glossiness values, pendulum hardness values and surface adhesion resistance of the lacquered materials with 5 layers application were higher than those of the varnished materials with 3 layers application at 20o, 60o and 85o in parallel (//) and perpendicular (⊥) directions to the fibers. After aging, a* values increased for both varnish types, while L* values decreased. It can be said that this type of wood can be used in the parquet industry.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış sedir odununun yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması sonrasında bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
UV kürlenmeli uygulamaların kullanımları, günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmesi ile yaygın bir hale gelmiştir. Bu UV kürlenmeli sistemlerin avantajları da, müşterilerin kullanıma ait çeşitli özelliklerini (uçucu organik bileşik, direnç, vb.) desteklemektedir. Bu uygulamalar birçok sektör açısından tercih edilmekte olunup, uygulama alanlarından biriside ahşap malzeme yüzeyleri olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel uygulamalara göre Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich) odunu yüzeylerine UV kürlenmeli parke vernikleri uygulanmış malzemeler üzerinde UV-B 313 lambalarının bulunduğu yapay yaşlandırmaya ortamına maruz bırakılması ile meydana gelen yüzeylerdeki değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; yaşlandırma uygulamaları, parlaklık (20o, 60o ve 85o’de liflere paralel ve dik) değerlerinde ve ışıklılık (L*) değerlerinde azalmalara, kırmızı (a*) ve sarı (b*) renk ton değerlerinde ise artışlar görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, salınımsal sertlik değerleri 3 kat uygulamada yaşlandırma sonrasında azalırken, 5 kat uygulamasında artmıştır. 504 saatlik yaşlandırma sonunda her iki vernik türünde toplam renk farkı (∆E*) değerleri “farklı renk” kriterini vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, literatürdeki çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında Toros sedirinin UV sistem parke endüstrisinde kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
AtıfOpenAlex12TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Determination of the artificial aging performance of the apricot wood applied with UV system parquet varnish used indoors
Ayata, Ümit; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
Abundantly grown for apricot tree fruit. Apricot wood is used for different purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the performance of the ultraviolet (UV) system parquet varnished layers against artificial aging applied to apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) wood. For this purpose, UV system parquet varnish was applied on apricot wood surfaces in 3 and 5 layers in accordance with industrial applications. The materials obtained were exposed for 252 and 504 h in an accelerated aging device with UVA-340 lamp. After aging, lightness (L*), red (a*) color tone, yellow (b*) color tone, perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (//) glossiness values to the fibers at 20o, 60o and 85o, adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness (könig method) tests were determined. According to the results of the research, variance analysis was obtained significantly for all tests. After aging, for both varnish applications, all glossiness values, yellow color tone and lightness values decreased, while red color tone values increased. While the hardness decreased in the 3-layer application, the adhesion resistance was increased, and the 5-layer application gave an opposite result.
AtıfOpenAlex19TR Dizin8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3Effect of Heat Treatment on Shore-D Hardness of Some Wood Species
Esteves, Bruno; Sahin, Sırrı; Ayata, Ümit; Domingos, Idalina; Ferreira, José; Gürleyen, Levent
Hardness is an important wood property for several applications. Typically, it is necessary to use traditional methods, such as a universal test machine, to determine a wood’s hardness value. This work reports the hardness of some wood species before and after heat treatment (ThermoWood method) using the Shore-D hardness method. The Shore-D hardness value of untreated wood ranged between 35.3 for Limba wood and 77.2 for Santos wood. With heat treatment, hardness decreased, and the decrease was greater for samples that underwent harsher treatment (2 h at 212 °C). The decrease of hardness was highest for Sipo wood (14%) and the lowest for Afrormosia wood (2.5%). Analysis of variance tests showed that there was a significant difference between wood species, heat treatment, and the interaction between both variables at the chosen level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Results showed that Shore-D hardness could be used to measure hardness directly in a production line or in small wood companies without using a universal test machine.
AtıfScopus23WoS17OpenAlex24İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ2Effect of accelerated ageing on some surface properties of uv-coated hackberry (Celtis australis l.) wood parquet
Ayata, Ümit; Esteves, Bruno; Gürleyen, Levent; Çakicier, Nevzat; Ferreira, J.O.S.É.; Domingos, Idalina; Türk, Mutlu
The importance of UV-curable coatings is currently increasing. In the parquet industry, where UV systems are applied, it is beneficial to investigate new tree species as potential raw materials. This study was carried out to determine the effect of accelerated ageing on some surface properties of hackberry (Celtis australis L.) wood treated with UV system parquet varnish. UV system parquet varnishes were applied to hackberry wood surfaces in three and five layers, according to the requirements of industrial applications. The varnished surfaces were then exposed to UV rays for 252 and 504 h using UVA-340 lamps in a QUV ageing device. Glossiness, colour parameters, pendulum hardness and adhesion strength (pull-off) (MPa) were determined for the coated samples before and after ageing, and the results for the aged and unaged test samples were compared. Analysis of variance showed that the results were significant for all tests. The results for all tests varied by ageing time.
AtıfScopus5WoS4OpenAlex3İncele