Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4Climate-driven synchronization of honey bee flight activity and plant phenology in Türkiye: development of a Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI)
Erdoğan, Yaşar; Erdoğan, Ümmügülsüm
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) provide essential pollination services that depend on the temporal synchronization between flight activity and plant flowering phenology, both strongly influenced by climatic conditions. However, this relationship remains insufficiently quantified at large spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we quantified climate-driven honey bee flight activity and its alignment with flowering phenology of major nectar plants in Türkiye using ERA5-Land data for the period 1981–2023. Suitable flight days were defined based on temperature (≥12°C) and precipitation (0 mm), and seasonal suitability was evaluated at a monthly scale. A composite Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI) was developed by integrating flight activity, flowering overlap and nectar flow window. The number of suitable flight periods ranged between 4 and 7 months (mean ≈5.5), indicating substantial interannual variability. Flight flowering synchrony was low for early-spring species (23–35%) but reached 100% for summer species. BCSI values ranged from 0.44 to 1.00, capturing variability in climatic suitability for beekeeping. These findings demonstrate that climatic variability plays a decisive role in shaping bee plant interactions and provide a quantitative basis for climate-informed beekeeping management.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4Determination of Biological Activities of Encapsulated Bee Venom
Keskİn, Şaban; Bayram, Sinan; Keskİn, Merve
Bee venom is an important bee product used directly in apitherapy applications. Once harvested, bee venom crystallizes rapidly upon contact with air. Furthermore, bee venom that is not produced and stored under optimal conditions deteriorates rapidly. For this reason, there is a need for new methods that can extend the shelf life of bee venom. Encapsulation techniques are widely used to extend the shelf life of bioactive components by immobilizing them within a biocompatible biopolymer. In this study, the potential of encapsulating bee venom using ionic gelation with chitosan, a biocompatible polymer, was investigated. It was found that chitosan had a 91% encapsulation efficiency for bee venom. It has been determined that bee venom inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme by 84%±2.1, whilst its total protein content is 64.2%±1.8. The antimicrobial activity of the encapsulated bee venom was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition zones ranged from 11 to 12 mm. The results showed that the encapsulated bee venom retained its biological activity without significant loss.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025Scopus SJRQ4ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES, ANTIBIOTICS, AND HEAVY METAL LEVELS IN HONEY PRODUCED IN THE BAYBURT AND UPPER ÇORUH VALLEY REGIONS OF TÜRKİYE; [Türkiye'nin Bayburt ve Yukarı Çoruh Vadisi Bölgelerinde Üretilen Ballarda Pestisit, Antibiyotik ve Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Analizi]
Özdemir, Mustafa; Yildizlar, Osman
This study investigates pesticide, antibiotic, and heavy metal levels in Bayburt and the Upper Çoruh Valley honey. Thirteen honey samples were collected from different apiaries managed by stationary and migratory beekeepers. These samples were analysed for heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), antibiotics, pesticides, and chemical residues such as naphthalene. The results revealed that lead (Pb) levels exceeded international food safety standards in 2 honey samples, while pesticide residues were detected in 5 samples. Additionally, antibiotic residues were found in 6 samples, including sulfamethazine, tetracycline, and streptomycin. However, no naphthalene was detected in any of the samples. These findings highlight the importance of stricter regulations and monitoring systems to control chemical use in beekeeping practices. Enhancing awareness among beekeepers regarding the risks associated with pesticide and antibiotic use is crucial for improving honey quality and ensuring the health of beekeepers and consumers. The adoption of safer practices and adherence to guidelines are necessary to mitigate these health hazards.
AtıfOpenAlex1TR Dizin2
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ4EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD DERIVED FROM ELECTRIC FENCE SYSTEM ON SPERM ACTIVITIES OF HONEYBEES (Apis mellifera L.); [Elektrikli Çit Sistemi Tarafından Oluşturulan Elektromanyetik Alanın Bal Arılarının (Apis mellifera L.) Sperm Aktivitesine Etkisi]
Erdoğan, Yaşar
This study investigated the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from electric fence systems on physiological and reproductive parameters of male honeybees (Apis mellifera caucasica). The study was conducted between May and August 2024 at the Bayburt University Beekeeping Application and Research Center, with five experimental groups. Hives were positioned at varying distances (1–2.5 m) from the fence. The findings showed that the average body weight (245.4 mg), sexual maturity rate (58.56%), and sperm concentration (0.87 ± 0.04 × 10 ⁶/μL) of drones closest to the electric fence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The electric field effect was limited in groups at greater distances, with statistically insignificant differences in some parameters. No significant differences were found between groups in sperm volume. Results demonstrate that electric fields from fence systems suppress developmental processes and reproductive physiology of drones in a distance-dependent manner. Lower body weight, decreased sperm concentration, and proportion of mature males in colonies near the fence show electromagnetic stress is a significant risk for bee health. Future studies should examine the effects of electromagnetic fields at different frequencies and strengths on larval development, sperm morphology, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression profiles.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ4DETERMINATION OF ANTI-UREASE ACTIVITY OF PROPOLIS FROM MARMARA REGION OF TURKEY; [Türkiye'nin Marmara Bölgesinden Elde Edilen Bazi Propolislerin Anti-üreaz Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi]
Can, Zehra; Kara, Yakup; Kolayli, Sevgi; Çakmak, Ibrahim
Propolis is a natural product collected by honeybees from plants especially flowers and buds by mixing with wax and resin and used for many purposes in hive. It is known that propolis has been used in the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine for many years and has biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory. There is increasing interest in alternative approaches to inhibit Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and thereby treat many gastric diseases. This study investigated various properties of raw propolis samples from the Marmara region of Turkey. Anti-urease activity was investigated in propolis samples. The anti-urease activity of IC50 values ranged from 1.110 to 5.870 mg/mL. As a result, it can be said that propolis extract is a good inhibitor that can be used in the treatment of H. pylori to improve human health.
AtıfScopus4OpenAlex4TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3A study on free-radical scavenging activity, individual phenolic compounds and element concentration of propolis; [Propolisin serbest radikal temizleme aktivitesi, bireysel fenolik bilesik içerigi ve element konsantrasyonu üzerine bir çalisma]
Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
The aim of this study was to assess the quality of five propolis samples obtained from Turkey (TP), China (CP), Brazil (BP1, BP2), and Ethiopia (EP). The phenolic compounds of the propolis were identified and quantified using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique (LCMS/ MS). In addition, quality parameters such as total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, freeradical scavenging activity and element contents were investigated. As a result of LC-MS/MS analysis, the extracts were sorted as TP> BP1> BP2> CP> EP in terms of the total concentration of individual phenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid was determined as the dominant compound in BP1 and EP, pcoumaric acid as the dominant compound in the BP2 and trans-ferulic acid as the dominant compound in the samples from CP and TP. The concentration of DPPH was higher in TP whereas the ABTS concentration was almost similar to other propolis extracts. The contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in the propolis samples were in the range of 2416.75- 14416.02 mg/kg, 8.52-613.25 mg/kg, 102.66-1425.82 mg/kg, 523.84-7336.74 mg/kg and 57.65-191.15 mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, it is again supported that chemical characteristics and activity of propolis varies according to its geographical origin with this study.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ4The effects of medical and aromatic plant extracts on some physiological characteristics of honeybee (Apis Mellifera l.) colonies; [Tibbi ve Aromatik Bitki Ekstraktlarinin Balarisi (Apis mellifera L.) Kolonilerinin Bazi Fizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi]
Erdogan, Yasar; Cengiz, M. Murat
In this study, the effects of extracts obtained from medicinal and aromatic plants added to syrups used to feeding honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies on some physiological characteristics of colonies were investigated. The experiment was carried out on 6 groups of 5 colonies. These groups are syrup (S), syrup + Urtica dioica (SU), Syrup + Melissa officinalis (SM), Syrup + Hypericum perforatum (SH), Syrup + Achillea millefolium (SA) and syrup + Thymus serpyllum (ST). As a result of the research, the sealed brood area data were determined as 3013.24±1939.26, 3107.00±2060.42, 3270.81±2194.80, 3091.20±1962.69, 3273.90±2095.49 and 3613.06±2348.27 cm2 in S, SU, SM, SH, SA, ST groups, respectively. When we compare the honey yields of the experimental groups, according to group S, SU increased by 18.48%, SM 43.10%, SH 16.04%, SA 27.35% and ST 53.86%. Therefore, syrup + medicinal and aromatic plant extract mixture given to honey bee colonies may have a positive effect on colony development and honey yield.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex3TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of anzer honey from black sea region of Turkey; [Türkiye'nin Karadeniz Bölgesinden Anzer Balinin Fenolik Bilesimi ve Antioksidan Özellikleri]
Malkoç, Meltem; Çakir, Hilal; Kara, Yakup; Can, Zehra; Kolayli, Sevgi
Anzer honey is produced on the Anzer plateau, known for its rich flora, in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. It is well known across the world, and is believed to be of high medical value. This study is the first detailed research in which the polyphenolic profiles responsible for the bioactive properties of Anzer honey was determined, melissopalynological analysis was performed, and in which total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total antioxidant activities were identified. The ferric (III) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrasil (DPPH) free radical scavenging test were used to determine antioxidant activity. The total mean phenolic content of Anzer honey was 26.92 GAE/100 g, and the total flavonoid content was 2.79 mgQE/100g. Anzer honeys' mean FRAP and DPPH values were 110.11 μmoLTrolox/100g and 49,12 mg/mL, respectively. The phenolic acids and flavonoids of Anzer honey were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of the 19 standard compounds used in the analysis, pinocembrin, hesperidin, chrysin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE), p-OH benzoic acid, and caffeic acid as major compounds, while myricetin, luteolin, rutin, resveratrol, epicatechin, t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid were identified as minor compounds. Daidzein and syringic acid were not detected. Based on these findings, Anzer is a flower honey noteworthy for the rich variety of its polyphenols.
AtıfScopus22OpenAlex26TR Dizin8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Melissopalynology analysis, physicochemical properties, multi-element content and antimicrobial activity of honey samples collected from Bayburt, Turkey; [Türkiye'nin Bayburt Ilinden Toplanan Bal Örneklerinin Melissopalinolojik Analizi, Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri, Multi-Element Içerigi ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi]
Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Yüzer, Mustafa Onur; Bayram, Sinan
The aim of this study was to determine the plant sources, physicochemical properties, element content and antimicrobial effects of honey samples collected from 10 different regions of the province of Bayburt, Turkey. The melissopalynological analysis showed that the pollen samples of 67 plant taxa belonged to 34 plant families in honey samples and were found with different rates and TPN-10 values was found between 16024 and 90126. In addition to these, the amount of ash was between 0.13% and 0.32%, the electrical conductivity value was between 0.36 and 0.69 mS/cm, the moisture content was between 16.1% and 18.9% and the fructose/glucose ratio was between 0.92 and 1.18. As a result of physicochemical analysis, it was determined that the data obtained were in compliance with the standard values defined in by the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey (No: 2012/58). Elemental analysis performed with ICP-MS showed that the K element was the highest (261.34-1863.05 mg/kg) in all honey samples in total among the 42 elements. In addition to these, the antimicrobial effects of honey samples and minimum inhibition concentration values (MIC) were determined by the agar well diffusion (AWD) method and and microbroth dilution method respectively.
AtıfScopus11OpenAlex12TR Dizin7İncele - DergiUludag Aricilik Dergisi