Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of anzer honey from black sea region of Turkey; [Türkiye'nin Karadeniz Bölgesinden Anzer Balinin Fenolik Bilesimi ve Antioksidan Özellikleri]

Anzer honey is produced on the Anzer plateau, known for its rich flora, in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. It is well known across the world, and is believed to be of high medical value. This study is the first detailed research in which the polyphenolic profiles responsible for the bioactive properties of Anzer honey was determined, melissopalynological analysis was performed, and in which total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total antioxidant activities were identified. The ferric (III) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrasil (DPPH) free radical scavenging test were used to determine antioxidant activity. The total mean phenolic content of Anzer honey was 26.92 GAE/100 g, and the total flavonoid content was 2.79 mgQE/100g. Anzer honeys' mean FRAP and DPPH values were 110.11 μmoLTrolox/100g and 49,12 mg/mL, respectively. The phenolic acids and flavonoids of Anzer honey were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of the 19 standard compounds used in the analysis, pinocembrin, hesperidin, chrysin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE), p-OH benzoic acid, and caffeic acid as major compounds, while myricetin, luteolin, rutin, resveratrol, epicatechin, t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid were identified as minor compounds. Daidzein and syringic acid were not detected. Based on these findings, Anzer is a flower honey noteworthy for the rich variety of its polyphenols.