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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/bayburt/16182
  The impact of economic freedom and democracy on income inequality: a study of selected majority developing countries

  Gültekin, Ömer Faruk

  Economic freedom is the realization of productive activities without any limitations or restrictions. Unrestricted activities can have a positive impact on the economic development processes of societies In this context, the aim of the study is to investigate whether factors such as economic freedom and its subcomponents, democracy coefficient, and per capita income level have a significant effect on income inequality.. The research conducted for 17 different countries, mostly selected from developing countries, including Turkey, and for the period 1995-2020. Four different quantile intervals constructed through quantile regression. According to the results, improvement in property rights has an increasing effect on income inequality for all quantile levels, while financial freedom and investment freedom have a decreasing effect on income inequality. Increasing per capita income levels and democracy have also had the effect of reducing income inequality for different quantile groups.

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  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin2

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/bayburt/16345
  Finansal Gelişmişlik ve İnsani Gelişim Endeksi Arasındaki İlişki: Kırılgan Beşli Örneği

  Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; Yalçın, Selçuk

  Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin varlığı ve yönü hakkındaki çalışmalar eski yıllara dayanmaktadır. Bu konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda farklı görüşler ortaya konmuştur. Mevcut görüşlerin önemli bir kısmı finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymakla birlikte yapılan çalışmalarda finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyümenin göstergesi olarak kullanılan değişkenler farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada spesifik olarak finansal gelişmişlik ile insani gelişim endeksi arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada finansal gelişmişliğin göstergesi olarak, IMF tarafından 2012 yılında yayımlanan farklı finansal gelişmişlik boyutlarıyla oluşturulan 9 adet endeks aracılığıyla hesaplanan finansal gelişmişlik endeksi, borsa endeksi ve enflasyon verisi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada finansal gelişmeyi gösteren değişkenlerden finansal gelişme endeksi ve finansal gelişme sürecinin başka bir temsilcisi borsa endeks değeri ile enflasyon değişkenlerinin insani gelişme endeksi üzerine kısa ve uzun dönemli etkileri kırılgan beşli olarak tanımlanan ülke grubu için araştırılmıştır. Panel ARDL yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre uzun dönemde finansal gelişme endeksi ve borsa endeks değerinin insani gelişme endeksi üzerindeki etkisi pozitif yönlü ve anlamlıdır. Enflasyonun ise insani gelişme endeksi üzerindeki etkisi negatif yönlü ve anlamlıdır. Sonuçlar çalışmanın temel araştırma sorularında öne sürülen hipotezlerin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/bayburt/16540
  A Socioeconomic Perspective on Suicide Cases: Studies on a Group of Middle-Income Countries

  Emsen, Ömer Selçuk; Gültekin, Ömer Faruk

  Suicide is a phenomenon that poses a danger to all parts of society. It is highly likely that there is a strong correlation between socioeconomic indices and suicide rates. The study's goal is to research the relationship between suicide and socioeconomic indicators. In the study, suicide frequency for the period 1990-2017 (per 100 thousand people), per capita income, mean schooling, unemployment rate, and the share of cancer cases in the population variables of the BRICS and MIST country group members analyzed using the Panel ARDL method. According to results, suicide is negatively associated with per capita income and mean schooling. The relationship between the share of cancer cases in the population and suicide is positive. No significant relationship found between the unemployment rate and suicide. Due to certain limitations of the study and the multifaceted determinants of suicide, more studies are needed on the subject. In middle-income countries, increasing wealth and improving educational opportunities play a role in reducing suicide.

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  AtıfOpenAlex1·TR Dizin1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/bayburt/15848
  Yolsuzluk ve iktisadi gelişme ilişkileri: latin amerika, doğu avrupa ve asya ülkeleri’nden örnekler

  Gültekin, Ömer Faruk

  Yolsuzluk, toplumsal refah artışının önündeki en büyük engellerden biridir. Toplumlara bugün için büyük maliyetler oluşturmasının yanı sıra gelecek nesillere de ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan maliyetler oluşturur. Bu nedenle yolsuzluğun azaltılması, toplumların ekonomik gelişme gerçekleştirebilmeleri için çok önemlidir. Yolsuzluğun ekonomik gelişmeyle ilişkilerini araştırmak için Sovyet etkisi altında kalan bazı Avrupa ve Asya ülkeleri ve Latin Amerika ülkelerini kapsayan iki farklı model geliştirilmiştir. 2000-2019 döneminin araştırıldığı modellerde yer alan değişkenler yolsuzluk algı endeksi, kişi başına düşen gelir, yönetişim, enflasyon, kamu harcamaları, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ticari dışa açıklık ve beşeri sermaye endeksidir. Modellerle ilgili temel sınamalar sonrası İki Aşamalı Sistem GMM ve panel ARDL yaklaşımlarına dayalı tahminler yapılmış ve 4 farklı tahmin sonucu elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, ilk modelde kişi başına düşen gelir artışı, beşeri sermaye endeksi, ticarileşme ve yönetişim, yolsuzluk üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Öte yandan kamu harcamaları ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların sonuçları Sistem GMM tahmini için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. İkinci modelde yolsuzluğun kişi başına düşen gelir artışını olumsuz etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Son aşamada Dumitrescu-Hurlin nedensellik testi yapılmış ve bazı değişkenlerden yolsuzluğa doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkilerinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

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  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin2

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/bayburt/15666
  Does Economic Growth and Development Affect Mental Diseases? Evidence from Developing and Least Developed Countries

  Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; İmamoğlu, İlyas Kays

  While the process of economic growth and development reflects on societies as an increase in welfare, it can also lead to negative effects such as pollution and the emergence of some diseases. Population growth and the stresses and pressures of urban life also lead to an increase in mental diseases. The study aims to investigate the relationship between mental diseases and important development indicators such as income, population, and health in underdeveloped and developing countries. In the study, the Kuznets model was used to investigate mental diseases in 119 different countries for the period 1995-2019 using the variables of income per capita, life expectancy at birth, birth rate per woman, and number of people per square kilometer. In the estimation process, based on the results of the quantile regression test, it was found that there is a "U" shaped relationship between mental diseases and per capita income for many quantile levels. The turning point for mental illness about per capita income level was calculated to be approximately 2000 dollars for the average of different quantile levels. It can be said that developing policies for the risks caused by urban life and crowded populations in societies that strive for economic growth and development will provide advantages to countries in the process of reducing mental diseases.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/13095
  Socio-economic determinants of environmental degradation: Empirical evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve

  Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; Sayar, Ramazan; Ari, Yllmaz Onur

  The aim of the paper is to examine socio-economic determinants of environmental degradation. The empirical study employs quantile regression which enables separate predictions for different levels of the dependent variable to be made. This study investigated 62 countries from low, middle and some high income countries for 1995-2019. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is verified for the aforemented countries in analyzing the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions using quantile regression. The study also revealed that the schooling rate has a pollution-increasing effect. In addition to the reducing effects of trade openness, democracy, and economic freedom variables on environmental degradation, the opposite effect of life expectancy at birth is observed, increasing environmental degradation. In this context, this paper concluded that the EKC hypothesis is not supported. The government should encourage pollution-reducing policies in low and middle income countries.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/bayburt/16630
  An analysis on the relationship between income distribution and human development with panel data and machine learning

  Ozden, Erdemalp; Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; Bayramoglu, Turgut

  The aim of this study is to examine the effects of socioeconomic indicators such as human development,\rurbanization and female employment rate on income distribution in MIST countries, with both econometric\rand machine learning methods, and to predict the performance of these variables in income distribution\restimation.. Although there are many studies on growth in the economics literature, the income distribution\rhas not found the place it should be. To fill this void, the intensity of studies between growth and income\rdistribution has increased recently. For this purpose, we employed two separate analyzes using the panel data\rmethod and the Support Vector Regression method, which is one of the machine learning methods, by reaching\rthe Gini coefficients, HDI, urbanization, and female labor force participation data of the MIST countries for\rthe years 1990-2019. As a result, all determinants in the random-effects model have a statistically significant\reffect on income inequality. In the model, while HDI and urbanization are significant at 5%, female labor force\rparticipation is significant at 0.1%. Signs of all explanatory variables are negative, and therefore they have a\rdecreasing effect on income inequality. As HDI, urbanization, and female labor force participation values of\rMIST countries have improved since 1990, the Gini coefficients have improved. In other words, the income\rdistribution of these countries has become fairer. Unlike other studies in the literature, the Support Vector\rRegression model was used in this study, and SVR produced a more suitable model for predicting income\rinequality.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/bayburt/15757
  The Effect of Foreign Trade Volume of Seafood: An Analysis on the Gravity Model Method of Turkey

  Ozden, Erdemalp; Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; Bayramoglu, Turgut

  Seafood is a vital food resource and, more importantly, a common subject in many areas such as the environment, employment, and foreign trade in sectoral terms. In this study, we investigated the effect of Turkey's seafood production and its trade with these products on Turkey’s foreign in line with the predictions of the gravity model, which is a theory of international economics. As a result, using 1990-2019 data with 12 countries where Turkey has the highest seafood trade, trading partners with higher revenues showed a higher demand and greater import chances, and an increase in production capacity by Turkey could create additional trade volumes. Besides, the geographical distance is negative and statistically significant in the models following the theoretical expectation, and the shipping cost was the critical factor determining Turkey's bilateral trade performance. The exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on trade, and seafood exports have a positive and statistically significant effect on trade, while imports have a negative and significant effect. As a result of the study, if Turkey's production increases overall the model variables, its trade will increase following the gravity model.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/bayburt/14253
  The Effects of Urbanization, Life Expectation at Birth and Commercialization on Income Inequality: A Research on the Community of the Independent States and Some Baltic Countries

  Gültekin, Omer Faruk

  One of the important results of economic development is the development of trade and the increase in welfare. A reflection of the increase in welfare is the prolongation of human life and the increase in urbanization. Through these indicators, societies are expected to develop economically and socially. In this study, as a reflection of welfare, the effect of commercialization, average life expectancy and urbanization on income inequality in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and some Baltic countries that gained independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union after 1991 were investigated. In the study, trade openness and the share of countries in world trade representing commercialization, urbanization representing the increase in welfare, and disposable Gini coefficient and market Gini coefficient representing income inequality examined. For the estimations, four models were created and different results were obtained for each model. In the analysis process, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, multicollinearity, cross-section dependence, heteroscadasticity, autocorrelation tests were applied. Depending on the test results, the Driscoll-Kraay test was applied and the results were estimated. According to the results, it can be said that while commercialization has a positive effect on income inequality, urbanization has a negative effect on income inequality.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/bayburt/14817
  Suicidal kuznets curve: a regional analysis for turkey

  Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; Saraçoğlu, Sıtkıcan

  The fact that suicide, which is a global problem, can occur due to economic reasons makes it necessary to examine this phenomenon from an economic perspective. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of suicide at the regional level for Turkey on the basis of “Suicidal Kuznets Curve” approach, which was revealed by Antonakakis and Collins (2018). For this purpose, in this study the data obtained from TURKSTAT of 26 NUTS-2 sub-regions for the 2008-2018 period and panel data analysis were used. Firstly, Breusch-Pagan LM and Pesaran CD cross-section dependency tests, then Pesaran CIPS panel unit root test, Pedroni and Westerlund panel cointegration tests, DOLS and CCEMG coefficient estimators were applied. According to the findings of the study, while a “U” shaped “Suicidal Kuznets Curve” is valid for the general model, differences arise among regions.

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