Koleksiyon/r/bayburt/10001

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Koleksiyondaki öğeler

  • MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ3
    Some physical properties of a Li4Ti5O12 thin film electrode manufactured by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

    Senay, Volkan; Özen, Soner

    A Li4Ti5O12 thin film was fabricated on an ITO layer previously prepared on a glass microscope slide via RF magnetron sputtering technique. The structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical properties of the produced thin film were studied by several techniques. According to the findings, the investigated film has a crystalline structure with small grains. Its surface is nano-structured, dense and smooth. The system (LTO/ITO/glass) exhibits an average transmittance rate above 70% in the visible region with a band gap energy value of 3.8 eV. The obtained impedance spectrum shows a good blocking behavior. The Warburg diffusion element with a value of 817 S.s(1/2) provides easy Li-ion diffusion.

    AtıfWoS4OpenAlex4
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2020
    Comparison of Environmental Measurement Values in Extremities with Some Strength Parameters after Weight Training

    Bayrain Temur, H.; Kilinçboz, Hilal

    It was aimed to investigate whether the increase in arm and leg circumference measurement values of weight training applied in a training has an effect on strength. Twenty-two boxers with a mean age of 20.09 +/- 1.41 years were included in the study. Measurements were taken twice, after the warm-up, before starting and after training. Right and left upper arm and forearm circumference, right and left femur and calf circumference values were determined. In addition, right and left-hand grip strength, leg strength and back strength values were determined. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between right and left-hand grip strength pre-test and post-test values. It was determined that there was a difference between the leg strength pre-test and post-test values and between the pre-test and post-test values of all other parameters in favour of the post-test. However, the right arm and forearm circumference measurement values were calculated with the right-hand grip strength, respectively. Left-arm and forearm circumference measurement values were calculated with the left-hand drag force, respectively. Shoulder circumference measurement values with both right hand and left-hand drag force, respectively and correlation was detected.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2021
    Relationship Between Anxiety Levels and Exercise Addiction of Higher School Students Studying in the Field of Sports Sciences During Covid-19 Pandemic Process

    Çelik, Husniye; Demirel, Nurcan; Sam, Cemil Tugrulhan

    Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and exercise addiction of higher school students studying in the field of sports sciences during Covid-19 pandemic period. Aim: It is to determine relationship between anxiety levels and exercise addiction of higher school students studying in field of sports sciences during Covid-19 pandemic period. Methods: 184 students participated in the study. Gender, age, educational class, having regular exercise and exercise periods were learned as demographical information. In order to determine anxiety and exercise addiction levels of students, Corona virus anxiety scale and Exercise addiction scale survey were applied. In the analysis of study SPSS-24 statistical packet program was used. Results: When demographic information of students are reviewed, it is seen that gender of 51.1% of them was male and gender of 48.9% of them were female. It was determined that 44% of students were at the age of 22. 28.3% of educational class was 2nd class. While 62.5% of students did regular exercise and active sports, 37.5% of them did not deal with these. While 38% of those doing regular and active sports did not do exercises, 4.3% of them did regular exercise and active sports. When coronavirus anxiety scale applied to students is examined, it is seen that gender had impact of diziness, dullness, lose of appetite, and nausea and that situation of doing regular exercises and active sports had impact on lack of appetite and nausea. When exercise addiction scale applied to students is examined, it is seen that doing regular exercise and active sports and its period had impact on hyper focus and mood swings. When relationship between coronavirus anxiety and exercise addiction levels of students are reviewed, it was seen that postponement of individual social needs and conflict had negative impacts on the person's anxiety level, drowsiness, loss of appetite, and nausea. Conclusion: When coronavirus anxiety levels and exercise addiction of students during Covid-19 pandemic period are examined, the process they are in have had various negative impacts on the students. Gender of students studying in the field of sports sciences affects their anxiety status. At the same time, regular exercise students do and its period plays a role in relation to focusing and emotional changes.

  • DüzeltmeYalnız künye2021
    INNOVATIVE FLOW RISK ASSESSMENT WITH CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVE IN YESILIRMAK BASIN (vol 29, pg 514, 2020)

    Serencami, Ugur; Dabanli, Ismail

  • BildiriYalnız künye2012
    USAGE OF BAYBURT STONE IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURES AS A IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL

    Kamiloglu, Hakan Alper; Yurdagül, Erman; Tekin, Ilker

    Subgrade is one of the most important factor which affects the operating time of highways. Subgrade of highways which are a part of freight transportation network exposes to more pressure. Therefore, stabilization of subgrades becomes more important for these highways. Usage of sustainable and eco friendly resources produce economic and effective solutions for stabilization of highways. BS can be a good example of the solution which are mined in Bayburt city, the north-east of Turkey. Bayburt Stone (BS) is Eocene age and consist of zeolite minerals. Because of containing high value of amorphous silica, tuffic Bayburt stones have pozzolanic activity. Therefore, the stones have binding characteristics when they mix in lime. In this study, It is intended to show that BS waste which obtained from the stone quarries during the stone processing, can be used as a stabilizing material in subbase layers of highways. Within the scope of the study lime and lime - BS mixtures were used to improve clayey subbase layers. In the experimental studies, different amount of 0.2-80 mu m diameter BS and lime mixtures were used and improvement results of lime, lime - BS mixtures were compared. The obtained stabilization materials were tested for clayey soils. In this context nonconfined compression test, shear box, XRD, XRF and Particle Sizer tests, standard compaction and soil classification tests (Liquid-Plastic Limit Test, Sieve Analysis, Hydrometer Analysis) were performed. As a result of study it was observe that the strength of samples which obtained from lime-BS increased remarkably and it's possible to make compaction with lower compaction energies.

  • MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024
    Assessment The Effects of Psyllium And Hydrocolloids in Gluten-Free Noodle

    Aktas, Kubra; Erten, Tayyibe

    This study was performed to examine the effects of individual and combined usage of psyllium husk powder (PHP) with guar gum (GG) or locust bean gum (LBG) on the production of gluten-free Turkish-type noodles. For this purpose, six different formulations were created with the total amount of variables being 3%, and samples' physical, chemical, cooking, textural and sensorial properties were performed. The results revealed no significant decrease or increase in moisture, ash, protein and fat contents. On the other hand, although individual usage of psyllium caused a slight decrease in carbohydrate content, this did not reflect energy values. The lowest L* and hue and the highest a* values were observed in the samples where only psyllium was used, and there was no significant difference in b* and saturation index values. Regarding cooking quality and textural analysis, the results from these two analyses supported each other, and there is a significant difference between the samples. An additional disliking that can be considered significant was not determined by using psyllium with or without other gums in noodle formulation. As a result, the dual combined psyllium with other gums in gluten-free noodle production could be appropriate without adversely affecting the quality of the product.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfWoS1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2025
    The interplay between university students' needs, maturity levels (personal, familial, and social), and life satisfaction

    Akyüz, Ahmet Mutlu; Durmus, Ibrahim

    It is essential for young Turkish individuals (university students) to rapidly develop their skills and abilities to take on leadership roles in society. To become well-equipped individuals who contribute to societal welfare and development, these young adults must undergo a healthy adolescent maturity process. Therefore, providing a supportive environment for Turkish adolescents during their maturation is crucial. This study investigates how fulfilling all hierarchical needs (PSN, LBN, ESAN) affects Turkish adolescents' life satisfaction (LS) and their personal (PM), familial (FM), and social (SM) maturity levels. The study sample consists of 397 Turkish university students. The proposed research model was tested using PLS-SEM analysis. The findings indicate that fulfilling all hierarchical needs positively affects life satisfaction. Additionally, life satisfaction serves as a mediator between the fulfillment of hierarchical needs and maturity levels. However, the most fundamental physical and security needs are not adequately met, hindering personal maturity. Furthermore, love and belonging needs and esteem and self-actualization needs positively impact all maturity levels.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
  • BildiriAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ1
    Antiproliferative and apoptotic properties of vulpinic acid on A549, AGS and HeLa cells

    Kizil, Hamit Emre; Agar, Guleray

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY AND HOUSING INVESTMENTS: AN EMPIRICAL VAR ANALYSIS FOR THE EURO AREA (EA-19)

    Tunçay, Cenap Mengu; Akar, Nuri Cagri

    The housing sector is considered one of the key factors of macroeconomic fluctuations. Consequently, analyzing the scale of housing investments within economies and identifying the primary drivers influencing these investments is of major importance. Since one of the variables determining investments is uncertainty, and housing investments are affected by uncertainty, it is important to determine to what extent uncertainty has an impact on housing investments. While many studies have examined the effect of uncertainty on housing prices and returns, the effect on housing investments has rarely been discussed. The dynamic impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) on housing investments remains nearly unmentioned in the Euro Area-19 (EA-19). According to Real Options Theory, uncertainty leads to investment delays. If this relationship holds for the housing market, new construction investments should fluctuate in response to uncertainty, meaning that dwellings, which can serve as a proxy indicator for housing investments, may be affected by uncertainty. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between the Europe-wide EPU Index and the EA-19 Dwellings Index by using monthly data (1994 M2-2023 M8). In the literature, this study is the first article to investigate the dynamic relationship between EPU and housing investments for EA-19 by performing Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis. Based on the VAR analysis, the EPU index produces virtually no statistically significant effect on the dwellings index in the EA-19, although a unidirectional Granger causality from EPU to housing investment is detected. Based on this result, it is also possible to claim that political uncertainties in the EA-19 may not be one of the reasons for economic fluctuations due to housing investments. This study contributes to further research in this field, as it is the first study analyzing the effect of EPU on housing investments in the EA-19.

  • MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026
    Yİ-DARBOUX SLANT HELICES ON SURFACES

    Tosun, Ceyda; Kocayigit, Huseyin; Aydin, Tuba agirman

    In this study, a new class of surface curves, namely Yi-Darboux slant helices, is investigated. The conditions under which a surface curve is a iY-Darboux slant helix with respect to the Osculating Darboux (OD), Normal Darboux (ND), and Rectifying Darboux (RD) frames are established, and several characterizations are obtained. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived in terms of the curvature functions associated with these frames. Furthermore, relationships between iY-Darboux slant helices and classical helices and slant helices are established for special surface curves, including geodesics, asymptotic curves, and lines of curvature. Concrete examples on conical and cylindrical surfaces are also presented to illustrate the theoretical results.

  • EditoryalAçık Erişim2020
    Views and Opinions of Undergraduate Sports Management Students on their Satisfaction(ExampleofErzurum)

    Sirinkan, Mete; Sirinkan, Cem

  • MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ2
    RESEARCH OF PESIMUM REACTIVE AGGREGATE RATIO OF THE PERLITE AGGREGATE WITH DIFFERENT METHODS

    Gökçe, H. Suleyman; Simsek, Osman

    In this study, it is purposed to determine of reactive aggregate ratio of the perlite aggregate for given up the highest length change. For this purpose, properties of relate to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) of the perlite aggregate determined with non-reactive limestone aggregate. For the determination of ASR, according to ASTM C 1260 accelerated mortar bar method, for microstructure; Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were carried out on the samples which are perlite, limestone and used both of them. Mixtures were prepared by weight at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100% ratios with usage of perlite aggregate that obtained from Ankara Cubuk region instead of limestone aggregate that obtained from Ankara Hasanoglan region. 21 pieces of mortar bars were produced for 7 different mixtures. The length change values of the samples were measured on the 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28-day according to the accelerated mortar bar method. Morphology and chemical composition of highest length changed samples were determined with SEM and EDX. Increase of fracture density and Ca ratio was observed in parallel with the increase of length change. According to average of 14 days length change, 40% perlite aggregated samples underwent highest length change and these samples were determined as pesimum reactive aggregate ratio of the perlite aggregate.

    AtıfWoS3
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2022
    THE NEXUS BETWEEN SOCIAL UNREST AND MIGRANT REMITTANCES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM GEORGIA

    Ari, Yilmaz Onur; Koç, Umit

    The paper examines the social unrest and migrant remittances relationship for Georgia using monthly time series data covering January 2007- July 2019. The Granger Causality Test was employed in the application of the econometric technique. Frequency domain causality test was also used in order to empower the findings of the study. The empirical findings showed that there is a bidirectional causality between the reported social unrest index (RSUI) and the remittance inflow to Georgia. Besides, frequency domain causality test results indicated that RSUI was the Granger cause of remittance inflow in the medium term (7-10 months), while remittance inflow was the Granger cause of RSUI in the short term (2-6 months). Social unrest comprises protests based on basic economic needs such as food, gas, electricity etc. Therefore, social unrest can be a supportive factor of remittances inflow to Georgia. This is in line with the view that remittances sent by Georgian immigrants to their families in Georgia are used for consumption rather than investments. On the other hand, remittances can be a determinant of social unrest for Georgia because the existence of separatist movements in Abkhazia and former South Ossetia can be interpreted as remittances can be an important source to fund these movements.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ4
    The Armenia-Georgia War of 1918 in the Context of the Resolution of the Border Dispute by Force

    Sadik, Ramin

    Seizing the opportunity created by the revolutions in Russia, the three South Caucasian peoples declared their independence in 1918 and wanted to be part of the new order after World War I. At the same time, they engaged in an intense debate about their livingspace and the disputed borders between them. Azerbaijan followed a more restrained policy than the other two and favoured a negotiated settlement of the conflicts. Meanwhile, Georgia and Armenia went to war over the border dispute between them, and the region witnessed bloody confrontations for this reason. The dream of 'Greater Armenia' of the Dashnak Party, which is in power in Armenia, has been the main cause of the conflicts in the region. Dashnak's unending ambitions, its territorial claims against both neighbours and its preference for an armed rather than a political solution turned it into the main perpetrator of the turmoil. Consequently, the Armenian leadership's provocative actions against Georgia led to a fierce war between the two countries in December 1918. The war, which continued for three weeks, was halted by the intervention of Britain and France and ended with a peace treaty. This study focuses on the wars that took place between Armenia and Georgia in 1918. Within the scope of the study, the documents ofthe Georgian Central Historical Archive were examined, news, comments and analyses in the Georgian, Russian and Azerbaijani press of the period were meticulously scanned, and memoirs were examined. At the same time, as a result of reading, collating and evaluating the second-hand sources written on the subject, the study has been transformed into an original academic article.

    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2025
    Sociology of Religion Textbooks Between Apology and Sociology

    Hasanov, Behram

    This article analyzes three sociology of religion textbooks commonly taught in the faculties of Theology and Islamic Sciences in Turkey through content analysis to examine how the relationship between sociological analysis and theological arguments is established in these works and to what extent this relationship overlaps with the scientific framework of sociology of religion. The study finds that apologetic tendencies towards Islam are common in these textbooks and that the boundaries between sociological analysis and theological arguments are blurred. The study analyzes two prominent themes in the textbooks: (1) constructing a positive narrative of Islam and (2) advocacy based on sacred and academic authorities. The first theme emphasized that Islam is compatible with contemporary values and emphasized positive examples of Islam and avoided negative or controversial examples. At the same time, it was also found that Muslim societies advocated against the association of negative examples with Islam and emphasized the positive aspects of Islam in comparison with other religions. Within the framework of the second theme, it was determined that the defense of Islam was based on sacred texts and positive evaluations of Western social scientists. Instead of empirical data and sociological methods, direct reference was made to sacred texts, and the positive views of Western social scientists on Islam were selectively conveyed. As a result, the textbooks examined violate the methodological principles of sociology and produce a religious defense discourse. The study emphasizes that the sociology of religion literature in T & uuml;rkiye should be re-evaluated based on scientific objectivity.

    AtıfOpenAlex1TR Dizin1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2012
    The Qur'an Exegesis Culture Andalusia

    Sentürk, Mustafa

    this article, that we aim to examine the Qur'an exegesis culture in Andalusia, we want to handle the perception of Qur'an exegesis by searching answers for the following questions in general terms: How and when the Qur'an exegesis started in Andalusia? Who were the pioneers of the exegesis in Andalusia? What were the references of the exegesis in Andalusia? Which tafsirs were the exegesis in the region referring to? What was the methodology of exegesis in the region? Which procedure were commentators interested in among the assorted commentary drifts? What were the characteristics of interpretation in the region? Was there any difference in understanding of the Qur'an exegesis in Andalusia by comparison with other Islamic regions? If it was so, what were they? And finally, could Andalus create a school in tafsir in every respect?

    AtıfWoS1OpenAlex8
    Web of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Collective Entertainment Culture in the Context of the Shrine Phenomenon: Zêw

    Öztürk, Nuran K. I. Z. M. A. Z.

    In this study, the role and function of z & ecirc;w, which we can title carnival, festivity, or festival in Southeastern Anatolia, in the construction of solidarity and integration in society is referred to. At the same time, the socio-cultural meaning of z & ecirc;w and what it socially produces are examined. Individuals come to their ancestral lands and organize festivities and feasts around the graves in unity and solidarity. While these events are held without conflict between different tribes and villages, they carry important functions that strengthen solidarity and integration in society. In the region, z & ecirc;ws are among the most important events for the allocation and production of solidarity, integrity, and unity by society. In our research, the events around the tombs in Turabdin, an ancient and sacred region in Southeastern Anatolia, will be handled. Around the phenomenon of visitation, which can be viewed as an extension of folk religiosity, rituals are performed that indicate both a spiritual connection with the sacred and a collective entertainment culture on the social plane. Numerous sacred rites, including ancestral recollection, spiritual fulfilment, prayer, sacrifice, and wish-making, are carried out during Z & ecirc;w festivities. Additionally, during the z & ecirc;w, potlac-style feasts are organized. The events organized during Z & ecirc;w, such forms of entertainment shaped by the local culture of the region as the javelin game, the mit & imath;rps' music, and the kilometers-long Anatolian folklore dance culture also exhibit a syncretic aspect in the same place. In this study, Seyyid Bilal and Sheikh Hasan, the most famous of z & ecirc;w festivals held on different dates and places, will be covered. Z & ecirc;ws' historical, cultural, socio-psychological, political, and economic functions in the region have been put forward. In this context, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants and the results were analysed. In the conclusion, the data obtained will be discussed by dealing with ritual, symbol and belief.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2023
    Contributions to the Genus Mesiotelus Simon, 1897 in Turkey, with the Description of a New Species (Araneae: Liocranidae)

    Demircan Aksan, Nurcan

    In this study, a new species of the genus Mesiotelus Simon, 1897, Mesiotelus mersinensis sp. n., was described on the basis of a male from characteristic structures were presented. Besides, the species Mesiotelus scopensis Drensky, 1935 of this genus, which has a very poor distribution in Turkey, was recorded from a different locality. The current distribution in Turkey of species was shown on the map.

    AtıfWoS1OpenAlex1
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025
    A Comparison on Political Participation Levels: Izmir-Bayburt Example

    Arat, Ozgur; Dursunoglu, Ismail

    This study focuses on political participation levels. Political participation is the actions taken by individuals to determine and influence the political arena. In this context, the political participation levels of Izmir and Bayburt provinces were compared. Quantitative research method was applied in the study. Demographic information form and political participation dimension of democratic participation scale were used in data collection. When the political participation levels of participants living in Izmir and Bayburt provinces were compared, a significant difference was determined in favor of Izmir province in all sub-dimensions and total political participation. The study recommends in-depth investigation of the factors affecting political participation.

    • SDG 10 · Eşitsizliklerin Azaltılması
    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
    AtıfOpenAlex5TR Dizin4
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    The Role of the Amālfi Qasida in the Transmission of Māturfidfi Thought and Its Classıcısm

    Sever, Mehmet

    This article analyzes the role of Ab & umacr;'l-Hasan `Al & imacr; al-& Umacr;sh & imacr;'s (d. 575/1179) Em & amacr;l & imacr; Qasida (al-Qas & imacr;dat al-l & amacr;miyya / Bad'al-Am & amacr;l & imacr;) in the transmission and canonization of M & amacr;tur & imacr;d & imacr; thought within the Ahl al-Sunnah tradition. Although Maturidism was systematized by Im & amacr;m M & amacr;tur & imacr;d & imacr; (d. 333/944) in the Hanaf & imacr; intellectual environment of Transoxiana, the survival of only a limited portion of his works meant that the school's doctrines were carried mainly by later scholars and concise didactic texts. Among these, the Em & amacr;l & imacr; Qasida became one of the most effective instruments for teaching, memorizing, and stabilizing M & amacr;tur & imacr;d & imacr; creed across centuries and regions. The study situates the Em & amacr;l & imacr; within the broader M & amacr;tur & imacr;d & imacr; textual heritage, alongside major works such as Hak & imacr;m al-Samarqand & imacr;'s al-Saw & amacr;d al-a`zam, Ab & umacr;'l-Mu`& imacr;n al-Nasaf & imacr;'s al-Tamh & imacr;d and al-Tabsira, al-S & amacr;b & umacr;n & imacr;'s al-Bid & amacr;ya and al-Kif & amacr;ya, and `Umar al-Nasaf & imacr;'s al-`Aq & amacr;'id. While these extensive treatises provide systematic theological exposition, the Em & amacr;l & imacr; offers, in 67 verses, a tightly structured summary of core doctrines. It addresses themes such as divine unity and attributes, the createdness of the Qur'& amacr;n, ru'yat All & amacr;h, human acts and divine justice, prophecy and miracles, the virtues of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the status of the Companions, the nature of faith and takf & imacr;r, death, resurrection, and eschatology. Its allusive use of had & imacr;th material reflects al-& Umacr;sh & imacr;'s training as a traditionist and reinforces the poem's pedagogical utility. The text also preserves the polemical voice of the Samarqand-based Hanafi-M & amacr;turidi tradition, especially in its criticisms of Mu'tazili positions. The article employs historical-textual analysis combined with a reception-history approach. By examining commentaries, glosses, and translations in Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Persian, and Urdu, and by identifying the geographical origins of commentators, the study reconstructs the poem's diffusion from Central Asia to Syria, Egypt, Anatolia, the Balkans, and the Indian subcontinent. The Ottoman period emerges as a crucial phase in which the Em & amacr;li became widely taught, memorized, and commented upon. In particular, its inclusion in the curricula of the reformed D & amacr;r & uuml;'l-Hil & acirc;fe madrasas as the introductory text for teaching tawhid illustrates its institutionalized role as a representative statement of M & amacr;turidi creed. Based on this reconstruction, the article argues that the Em & amacr;li Qasida functioned not only as a concise catechism but also as a canonical marker of M & amacr;turidi identity. Its constant reproduction, commentary, and even polemical modification by opponents signal that it achieved the status of a classic-a text perceived as indispensable for the articulation of Hanafi-M & amacr;turidi orthodoxy. The commentary tradition shows how different regions and periods reinterpreted the same core text, thus revealing both continuity and controlled adaptation within the M & amacr;turidi intellectual world. In conclusion, the article suggests that the Em & amacr;li Qasida remains essential for understa As a concise yet richly layered doctrinal text with a vast commentary tradition, it offers a coherent entry point for re-establishing a foundational M & amacr;turidi canon within contemporary studies of the History of Islamic Sects.