Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Türkmen, Mutlu(3)
- Öktem, Tuncay(3)
- Aydemir, Uğur(2)
- Gönen, Mevlut(2)
- Güzel, Sema(2)
- Sönmez Sari, Ebru(2)
- Yaman, Menzure Sibel(2)
- Yarımkaya, Erkan(2)
- Yel, Kader(2)
- Asan, Selim(1)
- Ayhan, Cihan(1)
- Bentea, Cristina Corina(1)
- Canbulat, Şahinde(1)
- Canyurt, Ferhat(1)
- Cosoreanu, Dumitru Marius(1)
- Demir, Mehmet(1)
- Genç, Halil İbrahim(1)
- Gençoğlu, Cebrail(1)
- Guder, Ferhat(1)
- Gökhan Üner(1)
- Gönen, Mevlüt(1)
- Hepsert, Sezgin(1)
- Karakullukcu, Omur Fatih(1)
- Kiratli, Tuncay(1)
- Kitiş, Yeter(1)
- Kul, Murat(1)
- Namlı, Sevinç(1)
- Sahin, Tolga(1)
- Sengönül, Abdullah(1)
- Seval Çalık(1)
- Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel(1)
- Töman, Ufuk(1)
- Türkmen Keskin, Sultan(1)
- Ulupınar, Süleyman(1)
- Yildirim, Yavuz(1)
- Çakir, Zekai(1)
- Çakır, Zekai(1)
- Çatikkas, Fatih(1)
- Çatıkkaş, Fatih(1)
- Çingöz, Yunus Emre(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Physical Activity, Technology Use, and AI Anxiety Among University Students: Associations With Academic Integrity Attitudes
Yaman, Menzure Sibel; Çakir, Zekai; Çatikkas, Fatih; Türkmen, Mutlu; Sengönül, Abdullah; Gönen, Mevlut; Öktem, Tuncay; Güzel, Sema; Yel, Kader
This study examined the associations between university students' physical activity, technology use habits, and anxiety related to artificial intelligence (AI) within an academic integrity context. Since the study did not measure verified misconduct, academic integrity was conceptualised as attitudes and self-reported behaviours. Perceptions of uncited AI use and citation practices were therefore defined as the primary integrity-related outcomes. A survey was completed by 1,018 students (TUHS, AIAS), complemented by focus group interviews with 25 participants. Quantitative analyses (t-tests, ANOVA, regression) indicated that regular physical activity was associated with lower self-reported technology dependence and lower AI anxiety. Non-active female students and younger students (18-22) recorded the highest scores. Daily internet use exceeding six hours and social media-focused engagement were associated with greater dependence and anxiety. Qualitative findings provided explanatory depth: physically active students described a more routine, focused, and self-regulated approach, while inactive students emphasised longer screen time, distraction, and stress. These patterns were consistent with the quantitative results. Overall, the findings suggest that balanced technology use, physical activity, and clear ethical awareness (e.g., citation behaviour) are associated with lower technology dependence and AI anxiety. Integrating digital literacy and ethics training with programmes that encourage physical activity may support responsible technology use and integrity-related awareness in higher education. Findings are interpreted as patterns of co-occurrence rather than causal effects, because the cross-sectional design does not allow directionality.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Barriers to physical activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Türkiye
Yarımkaya, Erkan; Şenlik, Zeynel Abidin; Demir, Mehmet; Töman, Ufuk; Kul, Murat; Türkmen, Mutlu
The individual, environmental and systemic physical activity (PA) barriers experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily life may become more complex after a devastating disaster such as an earthquake. In order to effectively combat the high level of inactivity that may occur after an earthquake in individuals with ASD, PA barriers must be determined before the earthquake. However, no description is provided in the literature regarding the PA barriers experienced by individuals with ASD after the earthquake. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to examine parents’ experiences regarding PA barriers experienced by individuals with ASD after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye. Fifteen parents of individuals aged 8 and 31 with ASD were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using both inductive and deductive content analysis approach. Three overarching themes were found: (1) the effects of PA on individuals with ASD, (2) post-earthquake PA barriers, and (3) the consequences of lack of PA in individuals with ASD. The results revealed that parents were aware of the benefits of PA and directed their children with ASD to PA before the earthquake. However, after the earthquake, parents encountered PA barriers that they had to overcome, and this negatively affected the children with ASD.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex5
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Parents’ perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence chatbots to promote physical activity among individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Yarımkaya, Erkan; Aydemir, Uğur
Purpose: Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the increasing use of chatbots to promote physical activity (PA) through personalised guidance and interactive feedback. However, little is known about how AI chatbots can support parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in promoting home-based PA. Understanding parents’ perspectives on the use of AI chatbots to promote PA may be critical for designing practical guidance and interventions for individuals with ASD. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine parents’ perspectives on the use of AI chatbots to promote PA among individuals with ASD using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TpB). Method: Participants in this descriptive qualitative study were 16 parents (13 females and 3 males) who participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed for analysis and later analysed using thematic line-by-line analysis. Results: The findings revealed that parents had positive attitudes towards the use of AI chatbots to promote PA among individuals with ASD. According to parents, AI chatbots were useful for learning new information about PA and increasing PA levels among individuals with ASD. On the other hand, parents stated that AI chatbots did not provide much detail about some PAs and that they did not understand some PA terms. Therefore, parents stated that they repeatedly gave AI chatbots commands/prompts for each PA and often needed expert support. Conclusions: Results indicated a need for guidance to parents on the use of AI chatbots to promote PA among individuals with ASD.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior on Daily Living Activities and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Türkmen Keskin, Sultan; Sönmez Sari, Ebru; Canbulat, Şahinde; Öztürk, Fatma Özlem
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of avoidance behavior due to fear of falling on dependency levels in activities of daily living and physical activity levels in older adults. This study is a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected between November 2023 and March 2024. A total of 506 individuals aged 65 years and over participated in the study (mean age 71.26). It was determined that the older adults had low level of fear of falling avoidance behaviors were fully independent in activities of daily living and had low level of physical activity. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, marital status, education, living with and fear of falling avoidance behavior affected daily living activities; age, place of residence, gender, income status, chronic disease status, and fear of falling avoidance behavior affected physical activity level (R2 = 0.183; R2 = 0.197, respectively). This study revealed the necessity of interventions to prevent fear of falling avoidance behaviors in order to increase the activities of daily living and physical activity levels among older adults.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Orthorexia nervosa: an investigation in the context of personality, body image, and physical activity
Genç, Halil İbrahim; Hepsert, Sezgin; Öktem, Tuncay; Kiratli, Tuncay; Yildirim, Yavuz; İlgin, Özgecan
This study aimed to examine the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and body image, physical activity level, and the Big Five personality traits among non-clinical adult individuals. Based on the relational survey model, the research sample consisted of 350 undergraduate students (205 females, 145 males) enrolled in various departments at a public university. A convenience sampling method was used, and participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 20.64, SD = 2.07). Data were collected using a personal information form, the ORTO-15 Scale, the Big Five Personality Test (short version), the Body Appreciation Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were conducted. The findings revealed that conscientiousness, openness to experience, and body image were significantly associated with orthorexic tendencies. As levels of conscientiousness and openness to experience increased, behaviors related to orthorexia nervosa also tended to increase. Similarly, individuals with higher body image satisfaction exhibited more pronounced orthorexic tendencies. These results suggest that individual differences may play a determining role not only in healthy lifestyle choices but also in the potential development of these choices into pathological behaviors.
AtıfScopus5WoS4OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2ChatGPT-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pre-Post Feasibility Study
Aydemir, Uğur
Background: The use of digital technologies, such as mobile apps, Zoom (Zoom Communications), virtual reality, and video games, to promote physical activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing. However, there are no studies using ChatGPT (OpenAI), a popular tool in recent years, for promoting physical activity in children with ASD. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of ChatGPT-delivered physical activity interventions in children with ASD. Methods: A total of 26 families (parent-child dyads) participated in the study. Families were randomly assigned to an application group (n=13) and a control group (n=13). In the application group, parents implemented physical activities recommended by ChatGPT for their children with ASD. Data were collected using the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and a feasibility questionnaire. Results: Parents reported that ChatGPT-delivered physical activities were a feasible intervention to increase physical activity levels in children with ASD. They also found the activity content suggested by ChatGPT to be interesting and useful. LTEQ measurements corroborated these findings, showing a significant increase in the physical activity levels of children in the intervention group after the intervention. Conclusions: The results suggest that ChatGPT-delivered physical activities could be a promising intervention to enhance physical activity in children with ASD. Further investigation is warranted.
AtıfScopus16WoS14OpenAlex21İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Understanding the moderating role of gender in physical activity enjoyment and mental well-being: evidence from university students’ campus recreation participation
Karakullukcu, Omur Fatih; Ayhan, Cihan; Guder, Ferhat; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Cosoreanu, Dumitru Marius; Bentea, Cristina Corina
Background: Participation in physical activity is considered an important factor not only for individuals’ physical health but also for their psychological well-being. Developing physical activity habits, especially among university-aged individuals, plays a critical role in long-term health outcomes. In this context, the impact of physical activity enjoyment on individuals’ mental well-being has become a topic of interest. However, the moderating role of individual differences, particularly gender, in this relationship has not yet been sufficiently clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity enjoyment and mental well-being among university students and to reveal the moderating effect of gender on this relationship. Method: The research was conducted using a relational screening model. The study group consisted of 392 university students (261 male and 131 female; mean age = 22.95 ± 2.58) from Sakarya University of Applied Sciences who participated in campus recreation activities. Data were collected via a face-to-face survey using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and the Mental Well-being Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression-based moderation analysis using PROCESS Macro Model 1 were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The level of enjoyment of physical activity was found to have a significant positive effect on mental well-being (r = 0.427, p = 0.001; F = 50.388, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.280). Moderation analysis further showed that gender significantly moderated this relationship (ΔR2 = 0.049; p < 0.001). The effect of enjoyment on mental well-being was significant for both males (β = 0.2693; S.E. = 0.0348; p < 0.001; 95% CI [0.2010, 0.3377]) and females (β = 0.7913; S.E. = 0.0949; p < 0.001; 95% CI [0.6047, 0.9780]), with the effect being stronger among females. Conclusion: The findings show that considering gender-sensitive approaches in physical activity programs to be implemented on university campuses has a potential impact on improving the psychological well-being of students.
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Preservice teachers’ attitudes toward pedagogical humour: the role of physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and academic discipline
Çakır, Zekai; Çatıkkaş, Fatih; Türkmen, Mutlu; Şengönül, Abdullah; Yaman, Menzure Sibel; Öktem, Tuncay; Gönen, Mevlüt; Güzel, Sema; Yel, Kader
Background: Humour in educational contexts is not merely an element of entertainment but a powerful pedagogical tool that reduces anxiety, enhances motivation, strengthens classroom climate, and facilitates learning. While affiliative and anxiety-reducing functions of humour foster social bonds, it is well documented that hostile or aggressive humour can undermine students’ self-concept. For this reason, humour must be employed with careful consideration in pedagogical settings. Although recent research has increasingly examined the associations between humour, psychological resilience, cognitive flexibility, and social interaction, studies evaluating preservice teachers’ humour attitudes concerning lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity) and socio-demographic variables remain limited. The present study seeks to address this gap by situating the multidimensional nature of humour at the intersection of pedagogy, lifestyle, and cultural context. Methods: The study, conducted within a cross-sectional survey design, included 766 preservice teachers (397 male, 369 female) enrolled at various universities in Turkey during the 2023–2024 academic year. Participants were classified as physically active or inactive based on WHO and ACSM criteria. The Attitude Scale Toward the Use of Humour in Education (ASTUHE) was employed as the data collection instrument. The scale consists of 17 items grouped into three subscales: PHNE (Perceiving Humour as Necessary in Education), ELI (Effect on Language and Instruction), and CCM (Contribution to Classroom Management). In Balta’s (2016) original study, internal consistency was reported as α = 0.89, whereas in the present research, internal consistency was α = 0.887. For the analyses, independent-samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc tests (LSD, Tukey HSD, Bonferroni) were conducted, with effect sizes (Cohen’s d, η², ηp²) also reported. Results: Preservice teachers generally evaluated humour as a positive element in education. Students who engaged in regular physical activity reported significantly higher attitude scores than their inactive peers (M = 3.51 vs. 2.86; p <.001, d = 0.62). Female students exhibited more favourable attitudes than males (p <.05, d = 0.61–0.98). Likewise, students involved in team sports demonstrated significantly higher scores than those engaged in individual sports (p <.001, d = 0.60–0.96). Differences were also observed across academic discipline, class level, family humour climate, income level, and place of upbringing (p <.05, ηp² = 0.015–0.027). In particular, students raised in urban centres evaluated the functions of humour in education more positively, likely due to their exposure to broader cultural and social stimuli. These findings underscore that humour is not merely a pedagogical skill but a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by lifestyle, social environment, and cultural factors. Conclusions: Regarding contribution to the literature, the study illuminates the relationship between humour and lifestyle factors, while simultaneously revealing the multilayered structure of humour through the combined examination of diverse socio-demographic variables. Moreover, the positive (affiliative, supportive) and negative (sarcastic, aggressive) aspects of humour are contextualised and discussed in light of the literature. Although the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report data limit causal inference, the findings suggest that preservice teachers’ humour awareness and the availability of physical activity opportunities in university settings may enhance pedagogical skills and psychosocial resilience. Future longitudinal and experimental research could more clearly elucidate the causal mechanisms linking humour and lifestyle factors.
AtıfScopus3WoS4OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1The impact of inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical performance of high school athletes
Asan, Selim; Ulupınar, Süleyman; Özbay, Serhat; Namlı, Sevinç; Gençoğlu, Cebrail; Canyurt, Ferhat; Çingöz, Yunus Emre; Özkara, Abdullah Bora
Background/Objective: This study was conducted during the 2019–2020 academic year to evaluate the impact of participation in school sports on students’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) test scores. Interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a suspension of in-person education, the study resumed in September 2021, refocusing on the effects of pandemic-induced inactivity on the physical fitness levels of the same cohort. Methods: The study included twenty-nine male high school students (age: 17,24 ± 0,73 years), divided into thirteen athletes (participating in sports such as football, basketball, and track) and sixteen non-athletic counterparts. They underwent reassessment using the ALPHA test battery, evaluating cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and motor skills fitness. Data were analyzed using independent and paired samples t-tests and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess changes over time and between groups. Discriminant function analysis evaluated the ALPHA test’s ability to classify students based on their athletic status pre- and post-pandemic. Results: Initially, athlete students exhibited significantly better BMI, 20 m shuttle run, and 4 × 10 m speed run scores compared to their non-athlete peers. After the pandemic, only the 20 m shuttle run scores remained significantly higher for athletes, with diminished distinctions in other fitness areas. The classification accuracy of the ALPHA test battery decreased from 89.7 to 75.9% post-pandemic. Conclusion: The enforced sedentary lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected all students, particularly diminishing health-related fitness parameters such as body composition, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal strength, and motor skills. Students previously engaged in regular physical activity, notably school athletes, experienced significant fitness declines. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to encourage active lifestyles among youth in the post-pandemic phase, aiming to avert long-term adverse health outcomes.
AtıfScopus8WoS5OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1The effect of nurse-led motivational interviewing based on the trans-theoretical model on promoting physical activity in healthy older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Sönmez Sari, Ebru; Kitiş, Yeter
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of motivational interviewing based on the trans-theoretical model promoting physical activity in older adults. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with 117 older adults (intervention group: 58, and control group: 59) between April and November 2019. The data were collected via a questionnaire, trans-theoretical model scales, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, the Katz Activities of Daily Living scale and a pedometer. The 24-week intervention consisted of regular motivational interviewing. The control group received usual care at the family health centre. Results: Following the intervention, the Intervention Group showed significant improvements Exercise Processes of Change Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and Perceived Benefits of the Decisional Balance Scale for Exercise. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of stages of change. In the Intervention Group, 81.5% were in the contemplation stage in the pre-test, while in the post-test, 70.4% had transitioned to the action stage. In contrast, in the control group, 62.5% were in the contemplation stage initially, but in the post-test, only 9.3% had reached the action stage. The mean number of step counts increased significantly in favour of the Intervention Group, as did the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly total score. Conclusion: The trial indicated that after the trans-theoretical model-based motivational interviewing, the stages of change among the older adults improved, as did their exercise behaviours. It is recommended that the trans-theoretical model and motivational interviewing be used by nurses to improve healthy lifestyle stage behaviours in older adults.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex12İncele - Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2023Adölesan bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi (Bayburt ili örneği)
Gökhan Üner
Bu çalışmada; adölesan dönemlerini yaşamakta olan lise öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini, Bayburt ilindeki adölesan bireyler oluştururken örneklemini ise ortaöğretim kurumlarının 9., 10., 11. ve 12'nci sınıflarında öğrenim görmekte olan 281 kadın ve 229 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 510 lise öğrencisi oluşturdu. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan ve 9 sorudan oluşan demografik bilgi formu ile Walker (1996) tarafından geliştirilen, Türkçe'ye uyarlanma çalışması Bahar (2008) tarafından yapılan 52 madde ve 6 alt boyuttan oluşan "Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II" kullanıldı. SPSS 26.0 paket programına aktarılan ve normallik analizleri yapılan verilerin normal bir dağılıma sahip olduğu görüldü. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız değişkenin kategori sayısına bağlı olarak ikili gruplarda Independent t-testi, kullanılırken çoklu gruplarda ise tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova) kullanıldı. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre SYBDÖ-II ölçek toplam puanları analiz edildiğinde; cinsiyet, barınma yeri, anne -baba eğitim durumu, aile gelir düzeyi ve spor yapma durumu değişkenlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Ancak aile yapısı türü ve kardeş sayısı değişkenlerinde ortaya çıkan farklılığın anlamlı olmadığı belirlendi (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak; adölesan bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları üzerinde cinsiyet, barınma yeri, anne-baba eğitim durumu, aile gelir düzeyi ve spor yapma durumu değişkenlerinin etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları, fiziksel aktivite, adölesan bireyler.
- Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2023Fiziksel egzersiz yapan ve yapmayan lise öğrencilerinin özgüvenleri ile ahlaki olgunluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi
Seval Çalık
Bu araştırmada fiziksel egzersiz yapan ve yapmayan lise öğrencilerinin özgüvenleri ile ahlaki olgunluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca lise öğrencilerinin özgüvenleri ve ahlaki olgunluk düzeylerinin onların cinsiyetine, sınıf düzeyine, lise türüne, akademik başarı durumlarına, anne eğitim düzeyine, baba eğitim düzeyine, aylık gelire, düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapmaya, annenin düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapmasına ve babanın düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapmasına göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı da incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemleri ve ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Erzincan ilinde milli eğitim bakanlığına bağlı liselerde eğitim gören 435 lise öğrencisinden anket tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Anket formunda kişisel bilgi formu, özgüven ölçeği ve ahlaki olgunluk ölçeği yer almıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları lise öğrencilerinin hem iç özgüven ve hem de dış özgüven düzeyleriyle ahlaki olgunluk düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular ayrıca lise öğrencilerinin özgüven düzeylerinin sınıf düzeyine, lise türüne, anne eğitim düzeyine, baba eğitim düzeyine ve gelir düzeyine göre farklılaşmadığını, ancak cinsiyete, akademik başarı durumuna, fiziksel egzersiz yapma durumuna, annenin fiziksel egzersiz yapma durumuna ve babanın fiziksel egzersiz yapma durumuna göre anlamlı biçimde farklılaştığını göstermiştir. Lise öğrencilerinin ahlaki olgunluk düzeylerinin sınıf düzeyine ve annenin ve babanın düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapma durumuna göre anlamlı biçimde farklılaşmadığı, ancak cinsiyete, lise türüne, anne eğitim düzeyine, baba eğitim düzeyine, gelir düzeyine, akademik başarı durumuna ve düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapma durumuna göre anlamlı biçimde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020The Perceived Stress Levels During COVID-19 Quarantine Periods and Physical Activity and Exercise
Sahin, Tolga; Gönen, Mevlut
Social life disruption diminished the physical activity and isolation at home caused psychological stress on people during the coronavirus outbreak. This study applied the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Five hundred forty-three participants voluntarily completed the online questionnaire. The additional questions were asked to participants such as age, gender, educational status, spent time for physical activity or exercise, and isolation status. The perceived stress level and Insufficient Self-Efficacy perception (ISE) as a sub-factor of PSS were found statistically significant among the activity level groups. When compared to isolation status, the not isolated group showed a higher perception of stress (PSS total score, ISE, and SDP values) than partial and isolated groups except for SDP in partial isolated groups value. The findings of this study revealed that during isolation days which limiting energy expenditure and increasing mentally stress exercise and physical activity could be effective in decreasing perceived stress.
AtıfOpenAlex6İncele