Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Hareketsiz bireylerde kettlebell egzersizlerinin kas mimarisi ve gerilme-kısalma döngüsü fonksiyonu üzerıne etkileri
Kul, Murat; Hazar, Kürşat; Öktem, Tuncay; Berk, Hazar Emre
Bu çalışma, sekiz haftalık kettlebell ve fitness egzersizlerinin vastus lateralis (VL) kas mimarisi ve dikey sıçrama performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemiştir. Yaşları 18-45 arasında değişen, sağlıklı 20 erkek katılımcı (kettlebell grubu: n=10; fitness grubu: n=10) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Ön test değerlendirmeleri VL ultrason ölçümleri ve dikey sıçrama testlerini içermiştir. Kettlebell grubu balistik kettlebell egzersizleri gerçekleştirirken, fitness grubu geleneksel direnç antrenmanı uygulamıştır. Grup içi değişimleri analiz etmek için eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi, gruplar arası farklılıkları değerlendirmek için bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kettlebell egzersizleri squat sıçrama (SS) ve aktif sıçrama (AS) performansını anlamlı derecede artırmıştır. VL kas kalınlığı ve dinamik pennasyon açısındaki değişimler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamakla birlikte artış eğilimi göstermiştir. Buna karşılık fitness egzersizleri VL kas kalınlığını, pennasyon açısını (PA) ve squat sıçrama (SS) performansını anlamlı derecede artırmış, ancak aktif sıçrama (AS) üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermemiştir. Her iki grupta da fasikül uzunluğunda (FU) anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Bu bulgular, kettlebell egzersizlerinin gerilme-kısalma döngüsü aracılığıyla patlayıcı performansı geliştirdiğini, fitness egzersizlerinin ise kas hipertrofisi ve kas mimarisi adaptasyonlarını daha etkili şekilde desteklediğini göstermektedir. Her iki egzersiz türü farklı hedeflere hizmet etmektedir; bu nedenle bireysel antrenman hedeflerine bağlı olarak birlikte uygulanmaları hem performans hem de kas yapısı açısından faydalı olabilir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Physical Activity, Technology Use, and AI Anxiety Among University Students: Associations With Academic Integrity Attitudes
Yaman, Menzure Sibel; Çakir, Zekai; Çatikkas, Fatih; Türkmen, Mutlu; Sengönül, Abdullah; Gönen, Mevlut; Öktem, Tuncay; Güzel, Sema; Yel, Kader
This study examined the associations between university students' physical activity, technology use habits, and anxiety related to artificial intelligence (AI) within an academic integrity context. Since the study did not measure verified misconduct, academic integrity was conceptualised as attitudes and self-reported behaviours. Perceptions of uncited AI use and citation practices were therefore defined as the primary integrity-related outcomes. A survey was completed by 1,018 students (TUHS, AIAS), complemented by focus group interviews with 25 participants. Quantitative analyses (t-tests, ANOVA, regression) indicated that regular physical activity was associated with lower self-reported technology dependence and lower AI anxiety. Non-active female students and younger students (18-22) recorded the highest scores. Daily internet use exceeding six hours and social media-focused engagement were associated with greater dependence and anxiety. Qualitative findings provided explanatory depth: physically active students described a more routine, focused, and self-regulated approach, while inactive students emphasised longer screen time, distraction, and stress. These patterns were consistent with the quantitative results. Overall, the findings suggest that balanced technology use, physical activity, and clear ethical awareness (e.g., citation behaviour) are associated with lower technology dependence and AI anxiety. Integrating digital literacy and ethics training with programmes that encourage physical activity may support responsible technology use and integrity-related awareness in higher education. Findings are interpreted as patterns of co-occurrence rather than causal effects, because the cross-sectional design does not allow directionality.
- DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Correction: Preservice teachers’ attitudes toward pedagogical humour: the role of physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and academic discipline
Çakır, Zekai; atıkkaş, Fatih; Türkmen, Mutlu; Şengönül, Abdullah; Yaman, Menzure Sibel; Öktem, Tuncay; Gönen, Mevlüt; Güzel, Sema; Yel, Kader
Correction: BMC Psychology (2025) 13:1423. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03751-4. Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified errors in several references. The incorrect and correct references are listed below: [13, 16, 27, 29, 36, 37, 42, 44, 48, 53, 70, 103, 118, 134, 138, 146, 180, 181, 182] Additionally, the authors requested the inclusion of the following statement in the Author Contributions section: During the preparation of this manuscript, AI-assisted tools were used solely for language editing, grammar correction, and improving readability. Reference No. Incorrect reference Correct reference Zhou Y, Lee J. Humor integration in technology-supported classrooms: impacts on student emotions and learning outcomes. J Comput Assist Learn. 2025;41(1):55–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12788 Zhou W, Lee JC. The role of related humor in facilitating instructional information processing in video lectures: insight from EEG. Current Psychology. 2025;44:18027–18,037. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08405-7 Bell N, Pomerantz A. Humor in the classroom: a systematic review. Educ Rev. 2022;74(3):345–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2020.1838467 Bell ND, Pomerantz A. Humor in the Classroom: A Guide for Language Teachers and Educational Researchers. New York: Routledge; 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203082690 Robinson A, Rose J, Elliott D, Vivaldi F. Humor in teacher–student interaction: implications for classroom engagement. Br J Educ Psychol. 2024;94(2):412– 31. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12621 St-Amand J, Smith J, Goulet M. Is teacher humor an asset in classroom management? Examining its association with students’ well-being, sense of school belonging, and engagement. Current Psychology. 2024;43:2499–2514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04481-9 Crawford M, Gosling M. The use of humor in the facilitation of learning. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(5):369–75 Chauvet S, Hofmeyer A. Humor as a facilitative style in problem-based learning environments for nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2007;27(4):286–292. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2006.05.008 Bakar F, Mallan V. How students perceive the teacher’s use of humour and how it enhances learning in the classroom. Eur J Humour Res. 2022;10(4):187–99. Available from: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-det ail? id = 1,090,400 Bakar F, Kumar V. How students perceive the teacher’s use of humour and how it enhances learning in the classroom. Eur J Humour Res. 2022;10(4):187–99. Available from: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-det ail? id = 1,090,400 Qamar MT. ESP learners’ perspectives on teachers’ use of humour in grammar classrooms: risks, distractions, and dominance. Engl Specif Purp. 2025;67:13– 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00704-2 Qamar MT, Yasmeen J, Sohail SS, et al. Laughing while learning: ESP learners’ perspectives on teachers’ use of humour in online classrooms. Discov Educ. 2025;4:321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00704-2 Nurul Hidayana N, Fuzi AM, Samsuri NN. Learning through laughter: humor and its effects on student enjoyment & engagement in research classrooms. J Res Educ. 2024;34(2):45–60. https://doi.org/10.12345/jre.2024.34.2.45 Nurul Hidayana MN, Amirah MF, Nurshamimie Nabilah S. Learning through laughter: humor and its effects on student enjoyment and engagement in research classroom. J Creat Pract Lang Learn Teach. 2024;12(3):129–149. https://doi.org/10.24191/cplt.v12i3.2635 Atar C, Bağcı H, editors. Current studies in pre-service teacher education. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2019. Available from: https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-5275-3747-7-sa mple.pdf. Atar C, Bağcı H, editors. Current studies in pre-service teacher education. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2019. Flores MA. Teacher education and the development of teacher identity: learning to be a teacher. Int J Educ Res. 2018;88:146–56. Available from:https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/650899#page=1 Flores MA. Feeling like a student but thinking like a teacher: a study of the development of professional identity in initial teacher education. J Educ Teach. 2020;46(2):145–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1724659 Oral G. Ergenlikte Mizah ölçeği. Educ Sci. 2004;29(133):50–9. Oral G. Ergenlikte Mizah ölçeği. Educ Sci. 2004;29(133):20–27 Özkara Y. İlköğretim Türkçe eğitimi sürecinde Mizah unsurlarından Yararlanma. Milli Folklor. 2013;25(100):45–58 Özkara Y. İlköğretim Türkçe eğitimi sürecinde Mizah unsurlarından Yararlanma. Milli Folklor. 2013;25(100):182–188 El Hajj A, Kouri S, Soueidan H, Abou Rjeily A, Dagher J, Azouri J. Stress, physical activity, and mindfulness practices among youths. Front Sports Act Living. 2024;6:1493729. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1493729 El Hajj A, Noulhiane M, Andrieu B, Heutte N, Sirost O. Stress, physical activity, and mindfulness practices among youth amidst COVID-19. Front Sports Act Living. 2024;6:1493729. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1493729 Zillmann D, Stocking SH. Putdown humor. J Commun. 1976;26(3):154–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01920.x Zillmann D, Stocking SH. Putdown humor. J Commun. 1976;26(3):154–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01919.x Nikbakhsh R, Farahani A. Investigating humor and team cohesion in sports environments. J Electr Syst. 2024;20(1):404–14. Safaei MA, Safania A, Nikbakhsh R, Farahani A. Investigating humor and team cohesion in sports environments. J Electr Syst. 2024;20(1):404–414. Şahin M. Teachers’ perceptions of humor use in schools: contributions to the educational process. J Pedagog Res. 2021;5(3):1–15. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpr.202127083 Sahin A. Humor use in school settings: the perceptions of teachers. SAGE Open. 2021;11(2):21,582,440,211,022,691. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211022691 Iwon K. Elevating subjective well-being through physical exercises: an intervention study. Front Psychol. 2021;12:702678. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2 021.702678 Iwon K, Skibinska J, Jasielska D, Kalwarczyk S. Elevating subjective well-being through physical exercises: an intervention study. Front Psychol. 2021;12:702678. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702678 Kim HS. Harmony and distress: humor, culture, and psychological well-being. Front Psychol. 2019;10:68. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00068 Kim HS, Plester BA. Harmony and distress: humor, culture, and psychological well-being in South Korean organizations. Front Psychol. 2019;9:2643. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02643 O’Neill OA. Emotional culture and humor in organizations. J Organ Behav. 2024;45(2):233–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2761 O’Neill OA, Rothbard NP. Is love all you need? The effects of emotional culture, suppression, and work–family conflict on firefighter risk-taking and health. Acad Manag J. 2017;60(1):78–108. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0952 Cao Y, Li X, Zhang Y. The impact of culture and social distance on humor. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1123456. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506211065938. Cao Y, Hou Y, Dong Z, Ji LJ. The impact of culture and social distance on humor appreciation, sharing, and production. Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2023;14(2):207–217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506211065938.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Relationship between empathic tendencies and trait anxiety among individuals interested in folk dances
Öktem, Tuncay; Akkuş, Ramazan; Öz, Ümit; Gök, Umut Diyar
Introduction – Folk dances, which are among the most important cultural elements reflecting societies’ historical heritage, ways of life, and shared values, are regarded not only as an art form but also as a functional tool that contributes to an individual’s psychological well-being. Because they are based on physical activity and involve group participation, they can positively impact empathy and anxiety. The primary objective of this study is to examine the psychosocial characteristics of individuals who participate in folk dances, with a focus on the relationship between empathy and anxiety. In this context, folk dance will be discussed from various perspectives in relation to empathy and anxiety. Materials and methods – The study employed the correlational survey model, a quantitative research method. The study included 358 participants interested in folk dances. Data were collected using the Empathic Tendencies Scale and the trait anxiety section of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, a normality test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Results – A negative, significant, and weak correlation was observed between participants’ trait anxiety and their empathic tendencies. Results from the regression analysis reveal that participants’ empathic tendencies significantly predict their trait anxiety, explaining 10.7% of the total variance. Conclusion – In conclusion, folk dance may be considered a factor associated with individuals’ anxiety and empathy levels.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Keys to female athlete performance in Paris 2024
Boz, Emre; Adatepe, Eda; Çelik, Hüsniye; Kırkbir, Hakan; Öktem, Tuncay; Ünlü, Yılmaz; Öz, Ümit; Yılmaz, Büşra
The research was conducted to identify the key factors influencing the performance of Turkish female athletes participating in the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. In this context, seven female Olympic athletes who participated in the relevant organization volunteered to take part in the research. A semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used to identify the participants’ views on the factors affecting their performance. Individual interviews were conducted with each participant at different times, and all interviews were recorded. All interview transcripts obtained were analyzed and visualized using MAXQDA 2020 software. In the study, the experiences of female athletes were grouped under five themes: factors most affecting performance, environmental factors, physiological factors, socio-cultural factors, and psychological factors. The findings show that the athletes’ experiences are not limited to athletic performance alone, but are also influenced by multidimensional factors such as organizational shortcomings, environmental conditions, psychological pressure, socio-cultural interactions, and physiological conditions. In the study, first-time participants were positively influenced by motivation, team support, and communication with foreign athletes, while experienced athletes, having higher expectations, criticized factors such as organizational shortcomings, hygiene, and nutrition issues. The study reveals that the factors affecting the performance of female athletes are multidimensional and interactive, emphasizing the importance of comprehensively considering physiological, psychological, environmental, and socio-cultural needs in the planning of international sports organizations. In particular, strengthening health support, nutrition services, cultural adaptation, and social support mechanisms are recommended as measures that will increase athletes’ performance and experience satisfaction.
AtıfOpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Comparison of the Effects of 10 Weeks of Fitness and Kettlebell Workouts on Some Physical Parameters of Sedentary Individuals
Kul, Murat; Boz, Emre; Öktem, Tuncay; Aksoy, Ömer Faruk; Karataş, İsmail; Berk, Hazar Emre; Gök, Umut Diyar; Aydemir, Uğur
In this study, it is aimed to scientifically reveal the changes that may occur in sedentary individuals with fitness and kettlebell training for 10 weeks and to compare these two different training practices. The research group of the study consists of sedentary individuals residing in Bayburt province. The participants included in the study first had anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, skinfold thickness, circumference measurements), diameter measurements, digital back-leg dynamometer measurement, vertical jump performance measurement, maximal 1 repetition "squat" performance measurement, and maximal 1 repetition "deadlift" performance measurement. The participants were randomly divided into two groups and included in the kettlebell and fitness training groups. As a result of the fitness training performed regularly for 10 weeks, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between the pretest-posttest scores of the participants in shoulder diameter, chest diameter, arm diameter, squat, deadlift, sled, countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ). As a result of the kettlebell training performed regularly for 10 weeks, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between the pretest-posttest scores of the participants in shoulder diameter, thigh diameter, squat, deadlift, sled, CMJ, SJ and back-leg strength. As a result, it can be said that fitness and kettlebell training are effective training types on the change of physical parameters of sedentary individuals.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Orthorexia nervosa: an investigation in the context of personality, body image, and physical activity
Genç, Halil İbrahim; Hepsert, Sezgin; Öktem, Tuncay; Kiratli, Tuncay; Yildirim, Yavuz; İlgin, Özgecan
This study aimed to examine the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and body image, physical activity level, and the Big Five personality traits among non-clinical adult individuals. Based on the relational survey model, the research sample consisted of 350 undergraduate students (205 females, 145 males) enrolled in various departments at a public university. A convenience sampling method was used, and participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 20.64, SD = 2.07). Data were collected using a personal information form, the ORTO-15 Scale, the Big Five Personality Test (short version), the Body Appreciation Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were conducted. The findings revealed that conscientiousness, openness to experience, and body image were significantly associated with orthorexic tendencies. As levels of conscientiousness and openness to experience increased, behaviors related to orthorexia nervosa also tended to increase. Similarly, individuals with higher body image satisfaction exhibited more pronounced orthorexic tendencies. These results suggest that individual differences may play a determining role not only in healthy lifestyle choices but also in the potential development of these choices into pathological behaviors.
AtıfScopus5WoS4OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Examination of trauma levels and earthquake stress coping strategies of university students who exercise and do not exercise after an earthquake
Çakır, Zekai; Erbaş, Ülfet; Gönen, Mevlüt; Ceyhan, Mehmet Ali; Öktem, Tuncay; Kul, Murat; Dilek, Ahmet Naci; Güzel, Sema
Background: Earthquakes are calamities of devastating nature that induce longterm post traumatic stress on affected victims. As such, they are recognized worldwide as being huge sources of stress. In this research study, the first objective is to assess the level of trauma and earthquake stress of university students who exercise and those who do not. Methods: This study utilized the descriptive survey research method. The sample comprised 378 male and 300 female students who experienced the socially detrimental 7.7 Mw and 7.6 Mw earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The data were both face-to-face and via computer-administered questionnaire with the tools of “Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Scale” and “Earthquake Stress Coping Strategies Scale.” After checking for normality, the parametric tests were used, the t-test to compare two groups of data, and ANOVA for three or more groups of data. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analyses were performed to compare the interactions between students who exercise and those who do not. Results: The study found that gender affected trauma levels, with female students (X = 73.483) exhibiting significantly higher trauma levels than male students (X = 68.799) (p < 0.001). Students who engaged in regular physical activity (X = 67.71) were found to have lower trauma levels compared to those who did not exercise (X = 71.97). Participants who feared being caught by the earthquake at home or school (X = 73.32), experienced the loss of someone close (X = 88.10) or believed that adequate precautions against the earthquake had not been taken (X = 71.73) had higher trauma scores. According to the results of the ANOVA test, students from the Departments of Sports Sciences (X = 69.78) and Religious Studies (X = 69.63) were observed to have lower trauma levels. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive and moderate relationship between trauma levels and earthquake stress coping strategies among students who engaged in regular physical activity (r =.176, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The research identified that factors such as gender, regular exercise, the experience of losing a loved one, and the perception that insufficient precautions were taken all significantly influence trauma levels. Moreover, the findings highlighted that regular physical exercise serves as an effective strategy for managing and coping with trauma.
AtıfScopus9WoS9OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Preservice teachers’ attitudes toward pedagogical humour: the role of physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and academic discipline
Çakır, Zekai; Çatıkkaş, Fatih; Türkmen, Mutlu; Şengönül, Abdullah; Yaman, Menzure Sibel; Öktem, Tuncay; Gönen, Mevlüt; Güzel, Sema; Yel, Kader
Background: Humour in educational contexts is not merely an element of entertainment but a powerful pedagogical tool that reduces anxiety, enhances motivation, strengthens classroom climate, and facilitates learning. While affiliative and anxiety-reducing functions of humour foster social bonds, it is well documented that hostile or aggressive humour can undermine students’ self-concept. For this reason, humour must be employed with careful consideration in pedagogical settings. Although recent research has increasingly examined the associations between humour, psychological resilience, cognitive flexibility, and social interaction, studies evaluating preservice teachers’ humour attitudes concerning lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity) and socio-demographic variables remain limited. The present study seeks to address this gap by situating the multidimensional nature of humour at the intersection of pedagogy, lifestyle, and cultural context. Methods: The study, conducted within a cross-sectional survey design, included 766 preservice teachers (397 male, 369 female) enrolled at various universities in Turkey during the 2023–2024 academic year. Participants were classified as physically active or inactive based on WHO and ACSM criteria. The Attitude Scale Toward the Use of Humour in Education (ASTUHE) was employed as the data collection instrument. The scale consists of 17 items grouped into three subscales: PHNE (Perceiving Humour as Necessary in Education), ELI (Effect on Language and Instruction), and CCM (Contribution to Classroom Management). In Balta’s (2016) original study, internal consistency was reported as α = 0.89, whereas in the present research, internal consistency was α = 0.887. For the analyses, independent-samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc tests (LSD, Tukey HSD, Bonferroni) were conducted, with effect sizes (Cohen’s d, η², ηp²) also reported. Results: Preservice teachers generally evaluated humour as a positive element in education. Students who engaged in regular physical activity reported significantly higher attitude scores than their inactive peers (M = 3.51 vs. 2.86; p <.001, d = 0.62). Female students exhibited more favourable attitudes than males (p <.05, d = 0.61–0.98). Likewise, students involved in team sports demonstrated significantly higher scores than those engaged in individual sports (p <.001, d = 0.60–0.96). Differences were also observed across academic discipline, class level, family humour climate, income level, and place of upbringing (p <.05, ηp² = 0.015–0.027). In particular, students raised in urban centres evaluated the functions of humour in education more positively, likely due to their exposure to broader cultural and social stimuli. These findings underscore that humour is not merely a pedagogical skill but a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by lifestyle, social environment, and cultural factors. Conclusions: Regarding contribution to the literature, the study illuminates the relationship between humour and lifestyle factors, while simultaneously revealing the multilayered structure of humour through the combined examination of diverse socio-demographic variables. Moreover, the positive (affiliative, supportive) and negative (sarcastic, aggressive) aspects of humour are contextualised and discussed in light of the literature. Although the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report data limit causal inference, the findings suggest that preservice teachers’ humour awareness and the availability of physical activity opportunities in university settings may enhance pedagogical skills and psychosocial resilience. Future longitudinal and experimental research could more clearly elucidate the causal mechanisms linking humour and lifestyle factors.
AtıfScopus3WoS4OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022The Relationship Between Trait Anxiety Levels And Future Expectations Of Young Individuals
Gönen, Mevlut; Öktem, Tuncay
The future expectations of the youth of university-age can influence many of their decisions like the choice of university till their life plans. Many factors, including the psychological state, can affect the expectation for the future. In this study, the relationship between anxiety, which is one of the mentioned psychological factors, and future expectation was examined. A total of 1026 people from various cities of Turkey were enrolled in the special talent exam held by Bayburt University School of Physical Education and Sports. The state and trait anxiety scale developed by Spielberger and his friends was used.The Turkish reliability and validity study of the scale was conducted by Oner and Le Compte. The trait anxiety dimension of the related scale was used. The Future Visions Scale developed by Ginevra and his friends was used. The Turkish reliability and validity study of the scale was conducted by Akca and his friends. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 25 package program. As a result, there is a moderate negative relationship between the trait anxiety scores of all individuals participating in the research and the optimism and hope sub-dimensions of the future expectations scale, and a moderate positive relationship was found in the pessimism sub-dimension. In the correlation test according to gender, there is a negative moderate relationship in the optimism and hope sub-dimensions, and a positive moderate relationship in the pessimism sub-dimension in both female and male individuals. In the analysis made for another variable, the type of high school graduation, although there was a negative moderate relationship between trait anxiety and optimism and hope sub-dimensions, a positive moderate relationship was found with the pessimism sub-dimension.
AtıfOpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Sporda Sponsorluk Üzerine Bir Derleme
Öktem, Tuncay
Sponsorluk, ticari amaçlara ulaşabilmek için bir aktiviteye nakdi veya ayni destek sağlama şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Sponsorluk, kurumların yaptıkları iş ile doğrudan bağlantısı olmayan bir etkinliğe desteği aracılığıyla kurum veya marka için farkındalık yaratacak olumlu bir tanıtım meydana getirmeyi amaçlayan, pazarlama iletişiminde kullanılan önemli bir araçtır (Meenaghan,1983; Bennett,1999). Son yıllarda sponsorluğun uygulama alanları içerisinde spor alanı kendisine geniş bir alan bulmakta ve kendisini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sponsorluğun tarihsel gelişimini ve bireysel sporcuların, spor kulüplerinin, spor organizasyonlarının en önemli gelir kaynaklarını içinde barındıran sporda sponsorluk kavramını, türlerini ve kategorilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman toplama ve inceleme yöntemi aracılığıyla verilere ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada veri toplamak için; kitap, makale, tez, internet sitesive benzeri veri toplama araçlarından faydalanılarak tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada genelde sponsorluk, özelde ise sporda sponsorluk hakkında bilgiler verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında sponsorluğa ve sporda sponsorluğa yönelik bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucundasporda sponsorluk, dünyanın hemen hemen her yerinde kurumların hedef kitlelerine ulaşmakta kullandıkları en etkili iletişim araçlarından biri haline geldiği söylenebilir. Buradan da anlaşılacağı gibi spor sponsorluğunun, kurumların vazgeçilmez bir aracı, sporcuların, organizasyonların, yayıncı kuruluşların ve spor kulüplerinin kaybetmek istemeyecekleri bir gelir kaynağı olarak varlığını ve gelişimini sürdürmeye ve sponsorluk içindeki payını artırmaya devam edeceği düşünülmektedir.
AtıfOpenAlex1
İncele