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- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Quantification of Honey Adulteration Using a Planar Microstrip Metamaterial-Motivated Sensor and Software-Defined Radio
Cem Hasar, Ugur; Hasar, Hafize; Kaya, Yunus; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Korkmaz, Huseyin; Kosunalp, Selahattin; Iliev, Teodor; Tariqul Islam, Mohammad; Nayyeri, Vahid; Mustafa Ramahi, Omar
This work presents the application of a planar microstrip metamaterial (MM)-motivated sensor in the form of a split-ring resonator (SRR) for the detection and quantification of water adulteration in honey samples. The proposed sensor utilizes inexpensive software-defined radio (SDR) measurements, offering a cost-effective solution. Unlike previous MM sensors employing SRR configuration, our proposed MM-motivated sensor is integrated with a microstrip feedline and an additional vertical bar, enhancing its sensing capability. To enable accurate measurements, a simple calibration procedure based on baseline normalization is implemented, allowing for amplitude-only transmission measurements (|S-21|) using the SDR. A special sample holder was designed to increase the repeatability of measurements. We separately employ two postprocessing techniques, namely, the rolling average (RA) approach and the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, to effectively eliminate ripples in the measured |S-21| data obtained from the SDR. For validation and evaluation of the proposed sensor and postprocessing techniques, measurements of flower honey samples with water adulteration levels (delta ) up to 10% (mass-to-mass basis) were also performed using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The resonance frequency of |S21| is utilized as the basis for analysis. We establish a metric function (linear function) that correlates the shift in resonance frequency with delta. It is observed that this function fits to measured resonance frequency values with an R(2 )value greater than 0.96 for both postprocessing techniques with or without the sample holder. By inverting this function, we can predict delta with considerable accuracy for a given resonance frequency by using another linear function. It is observed that percentage variations between predicted and measured delta values are between 1.54% and 6.46% for testing samples with delta = 5% and delta = 7%.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study
Hasar, Ugur C.; Hasar, Hafize; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Korkmaz, Huseyin; Kaya, Yunus; Ozkaya, Mehmet Akif; Ebrahimi, Amir; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Nayyeri, Vahid; Ramahi, Omar M.
A simple and inexpensive microwave measurement setup based on measurements of magnitudes of transmission properties ( | S 21 | dB \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}|S₂₁|_dB\end{document} ) is proposed for industrial-based microwave aquametry (moisture or water content) applications. An easy-to-apply calibration procedure based on normalization is implemented to eliminate systematic errors in the measurement system. As a case study, we applied this setup for the quantification of water-adulteration in flower honey. After validating this system by distilled water and pure flower honey measurements, | S 21 | dB \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}|S₂₁|_dB\end{document} measurements of the pure flower honey with various adulteration percentages ( delta \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}δ\end{document} ) up to 9% are conducted to examine the performance of the measurement setup for quantification of water adulteration. A multi-dimensional fitting procedure is implemented to predict delta \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}δ\end{document} using the proposed inexpensive microwave measurement setup. It is shown that it is possible to quantify an adulteration level with an accuracy better than -/+ 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}∓ 1\end{document} % by the proposed measurement setup and the applied multi-dimensional fitting procedure.
AtıfScopus12WoS10OpenAlex15
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