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- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study
Hasar, Ugur C.; Hasar, Hafize; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Korkmaz, Huseyin; Kaya, Yunus; Ozkaya, Mehmet Akif; Ebrahimi, Amir; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Nayyeri, Vahid; Ramahi, Omar M.
A simple and inexpensive microwave measurement setup based on measurements of magnitudes of transmission properties ( | S 21 | dB \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}|S₂₁|_dB\end{document} ) is proposed for industrial-based microwave aquametry (moisture or water content) applications. An easy-to-apply calibration procedure based on normalization is implemented to eliminate systematic errors in the measurement system. As a case study, we applied this setup for the quantification of water-adulteration in flower honey. After validating this system by distilled water and pure flower honey measurements, | S 21 | dB \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}|S₂₁|_dB\end{document} measurements of the pure flower honey with various adulteration percentages ( delta \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}δ\end{document} ) up to 9% are conducted to examine the performance of the measurement setup for quantification of water adulteration. A multi-dimensional fitting procedure is implemented to predict delta \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}δ\end{document} using the proposed inexpensive microwave measurement setup. It is shown that it is possible to quantify an adulteration level with an accuracy better than -/+ 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}∓ 1\end{document} % by the proposed measurement setup and the applied multi-dimensional fitting procedure.
AtıfScopus12WoS10OpenAlex15
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1Honey-Water Content Analysis by Mixing Models Using a Self-Calibrating Microwave Method
Hasar, Hafize; Hasar, Ugur C.; Kaya, Yunus; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Izginli, Mucahit; Oztas, Taskin; Aslan, Nevzat; Ertugrul, Mehmet; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Ramahi, Omar M.
Microwave techniques, as an indirect approach, can be applied for analyzing water content in honey by way of permittivity measurements. However, these techniques require proper calibration to accurately perform such indirect evaluation. Improper calibration standards used in this calibration process could naturally result in a reduction in the accuracy and thus the performance of dielectric characterization using microwaves. Self-calibrating microwave techniques can reduce the effects of imprecise standards and thus improve the performance of microwave measurements by bypassing the requirement of calibration standards. In this study, we develop a self-calibrating microwave measurement technique to determine the relative permittivity of honey samples and implement binary mixing models to predict adulteration levels of water-adulterated honey. From this implementation, it is observed that the parallel-capacitance mixing model could efficiently be applied to determine the concentration of water adulteration by examining the differences between absolute values of the real parts of the measured and predicted complex permittivities of adulterated honey.
AtıfScopus18WoS16OpenAlex18İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1Determination of Propagation Constants and Wave Impedance of Non-Reciprocal Networks From Position-Insensitive Waveguide Measurements
Hasar, Ugur C.; Kaya, Yunus; Izginli, Mucahit; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Ramahi, Omar M.; Ertugrul, Mehmet
A microwave method is proposed to determine the forward and backward propagation constants (gamma ⁺ and gamma ⁻) and the wave impedance ( z_w ) of reciprocal and non-reciprocal microwave networks whose positions are not known within their measurement cells (position-insensitive). The proposed method relies purely on analytical expressions and can also evaluate the reference plane transformation distances. Scattering parameter measurements at the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) of a reciprocal network (a waveguide straight) and a non-reciprocal network (a microwave phase shifter) arbitrarily positioned into their measurement cells were conducted to retrieve gamma ⁺, gamma ⁻, and z_w for validation of our method and testing its position-insensitive property. The importance of the method becomes apparent when compared to conventional methods whose accuracy is based on precise determination of the reference planes.
AtıfScopus9WoS9OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1Feasible Extraction Method for Electromagnetic Properties of Multilayer Metamaterials With Short-Circuit Termination
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Ozturk, Gokhan; Kaya, Yunus; Bute, Musa; Karaaslan, Muharrem; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Ramahi, Omar M.; Ertugrul, Mehmet
An extraction technique is proposed for electromagnetic characterization of metal-backed multilayer metamaterial (MM) structures demonstrating reflection-asymmetric property. It uses recursive scattering parameters for direct and reversed configurations of a multilayer structure. The algorithm was validated by comparing the extracted electromagnetic properties of multilayer structures composed of different MM unit cells with those determined by one-layer-only S-parameter methods. Two-layer and three-layer multilayer structures composed of MM slabs with C-shaped and Omega-shaped rings and an FR4 material were fabricated and measured for experimental validation. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of our method against a small air gap between the multilayer structures and the short-circuit termination and between adjacent MM slabs within these structures. Strong agreement was observed between the resulted obtained using our method and measurements.
AtıfScopus10WoS10OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Simple and accurate electromagnetic characterization of omega-class bianisotropic metamaterials using the state transition matrix method
Hasar, Ugur C.; Ozturk, Gokhan; Kaya, Yunus; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Ertugrul, Mehmet
We propose a simple and accurate microwave extraction procedure for full electromagnetic characterization of \Omega -class bianisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs from normal incidence scattering (S-) parameters using TE1, TE2, and TE3 modes. Its closed-form nature (no need for any numerical analysis and optimization toolbox) and less requirement (a total of seven S-parameters) demonstrate the advantage of our method over other methods in the literature. Our approach was validated and its accuracy was verified by S-parameters, through a full electromagnetic simulation program - CST Microwave Studio, of an edge-coupled \Omega -class split-ring-resonator MM slab.
AtıfScopus15WoS13OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1Graphical Method for Examining Complex Natural Frequencies of Dispersive Materials
Hasar, Ugur C.; Ozturk, Gokhan; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Gurbuz, Tolga U.; Kaya, Yunus; Ertugrul, Mehmet
A graphical method is extended to and applied for visual inspection of solution patterns (region of complex natural frequencies sₙ) in the complexs-plane for dispersive materials characterized by the Debye and Lorentz models. These patterns are in the form of exponential decay and C-shaped profiles for the Debye and Lorentz models, respectively. Their forms are observed to be affected (e.g., moving left/right) in different manners with a variation of dispersion parameters. This method, thanks to its visual inspection capability, can help in analyzing/synthesizing filters and frequency-selective surfaces.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ1Transient plane-wave transmission through an N-Layer structure by the method of subregions
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus; Barroso, Joaquim J.
The temporal transmission properties of an N-layer structure under planar wave incidence are investigated by the method of subregions via the wave matrix approach. The transmission coefficient expression is first expressed in the frequency-domain by reduced transmission coefficients and then transformed into the time domain, which includes unit step functions with different effective time periods and weightings. The analysis is validated by numerical computations and three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations at gigahertz frequencies.
AtıfScopus12WoS12OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ1Power analysis of multilayer structures composed of conventional materials and bi-anisotropic metamaterial slabs
Hasar, Ugur Cem; Bute, Musa; Barroso, Joaquim J.; Sabah, Cumali; Kaya, Yunus; Ertugrul, Mehmet
In this paper, we analyze wave propagation properties (transmitted, reflected, and absorbed powers) of composite multilayer structures consisting of bi-anisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs and conventional isotropic materials. We also separately investigate the propagation properties of bi-anisotropicMMslabs and conventional materials to better interpret the results. We consider two different bi-anisotropic MM slab structures composed of only splitring- resonators (SRRs) and composing SRRs and a rod. In the analysis, we apply the well-known transfer matrix method to obtain transmitted, reflected, and absorbed powers of the composite structures. From the analysis, we note the following three important results. First, while the transmitted powers from forward and backward directions of the multilayer structure are identical (reciprocal feature), reflected (and absorbed) powers from forward and backward directions of the multilayer structure are different. This difference arises from reflection asymmetric nature of the bi-anisotropic MM slabs. Second, whereas the conventional material loss influences propagation characteristics aside resonance frequencies of bi-anisotropic MM slabs, bi-anisotropic MM loss worsens propagation properties of the multilayer structure at resonance frequencies of these slabs. Third, variations in (or determination of) electromagnetic properties of low-loss thin conventional materials in between two bi-anisotropic MM slabs can be realized at frequencies in which conventional materials demonstrate thickness-resonance effect.
AtıfScopus11WoS11OpenAlex13İncele