Quantification of phenolics by LC-MS/MS of monofloral and polyfloral Honey: Evaluation of the greenness of the method with MoGAPI and MoGSA

This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, proanthocyanidin content, and polyphenolic profiles of monofloral and multifloral honey samples produced in Türkiye. In addition, the greenness of the analytical method was assessed using two different evaluation tools: MoGSA and MoGAPI. The TPC and TFC values for multifloral honeys ranged from 0.18–0.65 mg GAE/g and 0.01–0.09 mg QE/g, respectively, whereas for monofloral honeys, these values ranged from 0.16–0.98 mg GAE/g and 0.01–0.37 mg QE/g. The highest CUPRAC and DPPH values were observed in Erica spp. honey, consistent with its TFC and total individual polyphenolic compound results. Notably, the Erica spp. honey sample exhibited a significantly higher gallic acid content (26.13 µg/g) compared to the other samples. These findings suggest that Erica spp. honey characterized by its high TPC, antioxidant activity, and distinctive polyphenolic profile, may serve as a notable dietary source of antioxidants. Additionally, the MoGAPI and MoGSA scores of the method were determined to be 84 and 91.67, respectively, demonstrating its high environmental sustainability.