Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/12645
  Optimized ultrasonic-NaDES extraction of anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and organic acids from chokeberry fruit with blueness and antimicrobial evaluation

  Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin

  Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in food processing in recent years, owing to their remarkable advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DESs for the recovery of bioactive components from chokeberry fruit. First, among the 10 different DESs, the DES that extracted the highest total individual phenolic content (TIPC) from chokeberry was determined. Then, ultrasonically assisted extraction conditions (ultrasonic amplitude, time, and temperature) were optimized by response surface methodology to obtain the maximum amount of TIPC using this DES. According to the results obtained, the natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) choline chloride: acetic acid (1:2, 30% water content) provided the highest yield for TIPC extraction and the optimum conditions for maximum TIPC extraction were determined as 100% for ultrasonic amplitude, 50 °C for temperature and 60 min for sonication time. The TIPC content of the extracts prepared with this NaDES was determined between 1740.26 and 3703.14 mg/kg. In addition, the individual organic acid and individual anthocyanin contents of the NaDES extracts, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were determined. Chlorogenic acid (1392.351–2361.48 mg/kg) among phenolic compounds, pyruvic acid (9361.35–47398.04 mg/kg) among organic acids and kuromanin chloride (69748.13–134668.24 mg/kg) among anthocyanins were the dominant compounds in NaDES extracts. However, the extracts showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) bacteria, Gram (−) bacteria, and yeast-like fungi (Candida strains). Finally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was used to evaluate the practicality/blueness potential of the chromatographic method used to determine the anthocyanin composition of the DES extracts. In conclusion, NaDES (choline chloride:acetic acid) can be an alternative solvent for the recovery of some individual phenolics, organic acids and anthocyanins under different extraction conditions. In addition, the use of NaDES in the recovery of various functional compounds needed in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., is important for the promotion of sustainability and green technology.

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  AtıfScopus19·WoS18·OpenAlex19

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11394
  Quantification of phenolics by LC-MS/MS of monofloral and polyfloral Honey: Evaluation of the greenness of the method with MoGAPI and MoGSA

  Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Özkök, Aslı; Cevahir Öz, Gül; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin

  This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, proanthocyanidin content, and polyphenolic profiles of monofloral and multifloral honey samples produced in Türkiye. In addition, the greenness of the analytical method was assessed using two different evaluation tools: MoGSA and MoGAPI. The TPC and TFC values for multifloral honeys ranged from 0.18–0.65 mg GAE/g and 0.01–0.09 mg QE/g, respectively, whereas for monofloral honeys, these values ranged from 0.16–0.98 mg GAE/g and 0.01–0.37 mg QE/g. The highest CUPRAC and DPPH values were observed in Erica spp. honey, consistent with its TFC and total individual polyphenolic compound results. Notably, the Erica spp. honey sample exhibited a significantly higher gallic acid content (26.13 µg/g) compared to the other samples. These findings suggest that Erica spp. honey characterized by its high TPC, antioxidant activity, and distinctive polyphenolic profile, may serve as a notable dietary source of antioxidants. Additionally, the MoGAPI and MoGSA scores of the method were determined to be 84 and 91.67, respectively, demonstrating its high environmental sustainability.

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  AtıfScopus4·WoS4·OpenAlex3

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11119
  Influence of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction on bioactive compounds from germinated mung beans (Vigna radiata) and greenness assessment

  Yücel, Tuğçenur; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye

  In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted method was applied to extract phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant compounds from germinated mung beans. In addition, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were chosen as solvents to support the green concept and to increase their applicability. Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt and was used as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and compounds from the alcohol, organic acid, sugar, and amide groups were combined as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) to obtain 8 different DESs. Higher yields were obtained with ultrasonic-assisted DESs compared to the traditional method (maceration) when total phenolic compound and antioxidant activities were evaluated. While the most effective solvent for total phenolic compound yield was choline chloride:fructose, the highest antioxidant activity values were obtained with solvents using organic acids as HBD. Moreover, Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was used to assess the greenness of the applied ultrasonic-assisted spectrophotometric extraction and DESs. As a result, using green technology and green solvents was influential in the extraction of bioactive compounds, and their applicability was especially effective for mung beans.

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  AtıfScopus8·WoS7·OpenAlex8

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/13093
  Ultrasonic assisted extraction of water-soluble vitamins from minor components of bee pollen with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent

  Çelik, Saffet; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin

  In this study, different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for vitamin extraction from bee pollen. The DES combination with the highest total amount of individual vitamins was choline chloride: ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2). The response surface method was then used to optimize the extraction conditions. The independent variables used for optimization were ultrasonic power, time, and temperature, while the dependent variables were the total individual amino acids, total individual phenolic compounds, and total individual vitamin contents. Spectrophotometric analyses and antimicrobial activity were also determined in the extracts. In addition, AGREEprep, ComplexGAPI and BAGI tools were used to evaluate the greenness of the method. The results obtained with DES were compared with water, ethanol, and methanol extracts, which were considered control groups. As a result of optimization, the optimum conditions were found to be 75 % for ultrasonic power, 71.5 min for sonication time, and 40 °C for ultrasonic bath temperature. The model's composite desirability value (d) was found to be 0.81. The predicted value and the experimental values were close to each other. Furthermore, the most dominant vitamin in DES extracts was ascorbic acid, the most dominant amino acid was proline, and the most dominant phenolic compound was myricetin. The amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained from water, ethanol, and methanol extracts. The spectrophotometric analysis results obtained higher yields with DES compared to the control groups. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that pollen extracts prepared using choline chloride: ethylene glycol had a weak inhibitory effect for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but not yeast-like fungal strains. In conclusion, DES has been successfully used to extract vitamins and other bioactive compounds from bee pollen. The results obtained showed that DESs can be an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of vitamins, which are among the minor components of bee pollen. Besides, the potential of the application different DESs for more efficient extraction of vitamins and components with important pharmaceutical properties from bee pollen needs to be evaluated in detail.

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  AtıfScopus14·WoS12·OpenAlex14

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/12938
  Ultrasound assisted choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify (Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) boiss. Var. Latifolius Boiss.): A Box–Behnken design approach for optimization

  Yilmaz, Özlem; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye

  This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different molar ratios. For this reason, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) compounds, and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH•), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of extracts prepared with DES were investigated with an experimental design and optimization study conducted for this purpose. An extraction time of 40.15 min was determined as the optimal condition. Under these conditions, a molar ratio of 3:1 (acetic acid:choline chloride) and a water ratio of 42.17 % provided the highest phenolic/flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity. Correlations between water ratio, molar ratio, and sonication extraction time were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). In conditions where TPC, FRAP, and DPPH• were high according to PCA, it can be concluded that the extraction time, water ratio, and molar ratio are at high levels; contrarily, TFC is at a low level. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction using DES proved effective for salsify. Therefore, choline chloride-based DESs, can be recommended as environmentally friendly green solvents and an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify.

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  AtıfScopus11·WoS8·OpenAlex10

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11632
  The application of deep eutectic solvents for protein extraction from bee bread (Perga)

  Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Yıldırım, Nazlıcan

  Bee bread is one of the basic nutrients that bees use as a protein source and is formed as a result of the fermentation of bee pollen. In the last few years, this product has become increasingly recognized and consumed among bee products due to its functional properties. However, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have attracted great interest in recent years as promising green alternatives to replace traditional solvents due to their variable viscosity, low vapor pressure, application-specific adjustability, non-flammability and chemical stability. In this study, bee bread was extracted in 12 different DES with different hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA):hydrogen bond donor (HBD) combinations. The DES combination with the highest total protein content was determined to be choline chloride (ChCl)-urea. Then, ultrasonic extraction conditions were optimized for maximum bioactive extraction in extracts prepared with ChCl-urea. The optimum conditions were found as 31.3 %, 25 min, 35 °C for ultrasonic power, extraction time and temperature, respectively. The desirability value (d) of the model was 0.83. The extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content, total protein content, individual polyphenolics, individual amino acids and individual vitamins as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity tests. According to the results, total protein, total individual amino acids and total individual phenolics were higher in the extracts obtained with ChCl-urea compared to the extract prepared with conventional solvent (ethanol). In conclusion, all these findings showed that ChCl-urea combination can be an alternative to ethanol depending on the structural characteristics of the target compounds to be extracted from bee bread.

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  AtıfScopus15·WoS12·OpenAlex13

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