Synthesis and cytotoxic activity studies of novel heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds as anticancer agents

Herein, novel heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds (Hb1, Hb2, Hb3) containing pyrimidine, imidazole, pyridine, and phenyl rings were synthesized via the condensation method as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The structure of novel heterocyclic compounds was elucidated by using some spectroscopic techniques (organic elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton/carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray image, and molar conductance measurement). The antiproliferative activity of novel heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds using CVDK-8 cell viability assay. The viability assay was examined against A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell line. All heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds exhibited varying degrees of dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against A549 NSCLC cells. The results showed that the pyridine-based heterocyclic compound (Hb3) was the most potent antiproliferative agent, demonstrating a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability at concentrations of 50 µg/mL and higher.