Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/11400
  Effects of Various Bleaching Chemicals on Some Surface Properties of Ebony Species (African, Black, and Macassar)

  Ayata, Ümit

  The concept of color is not always suitable for some trees according to customers’ preferences. The color of the wooden material changes with processes such as heat treatment, impregnation, bleaching, etc. When the color of the wooden material changes, the surface also undergoes changes in its inherent properties. African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora Hiern.), black ebony (Diospyros ebenum), and Macassar ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) wood species were treated using a single-component bleaching chemical [oxalic acid (C2H2O4)] and double component bleaching chemical [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] using a brushing technique. Subsequently, the characteristics of the changes that occurred were determined, including color parameters and whiteness index (WI*) values. The wood species exhibited different behaviors (increases and decreases specific to each test) in response to both bleaching agents. There was an observed increase in the a*, b* and C* values, while the ho values decreased for all wood species. Furthermore, WI* values in directions perpendicular and parallel to the fibers were reduced in all wood species by oxalic acid treatment.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/11293
  Chemical Profiling of Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica Rech. f. (Endemic) Essential Oils and their Methanol Extracts with Evaluation as Enzyme Inhibitors, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Agents

  Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman; Aygül, İmdat

  Enzyme inhibition activities, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activities, and chemical components of essential oil and methanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts of S. cretica subsp. anatolica were investigated. The main phenolic compounds of aerial parts were catechin, oleuropein, and epicatechin. The determined enzyme inhibitor activities highlight the potential of S. cretica subsp. anatolica as a source of bioactive compounds, particularly for carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterase inhibition. The essential oil and methanol extract exhibited remarkable activities against CA-II, AChE, and BChE, although they were less potent than standard inhibitors. The essential oils generally showed stronger antimicrobial activity compared to the 30% methanol extracts across most bacterial and fungal strains, as evidenced by minimum lethal concentration (MLC) and lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and larger inhibition zones. Chloramphenicol used alone exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy, with the lowest MIC and MLC values and the largest inhibition zones. The essential oils of S. cretica subsp. anatolica were determined as esters, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and aldehydes in aerial parts. The main components were found to be hexahydrofarnesyl acetone in the aerial parts.

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  AtıfScopus3·WoS3·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/10921
  Chemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Methanol Extracts and Essential Oils From Ferulago Platycarpa Boiss. & Balansa (Endemic): Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties

  Aygül, İmdat; Öz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Sefalı, Abdurrahman

  This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Ferulago platycarpa methanol extract (ME) and essential oil (EO). The EO was obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS, revealing sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the dominant class, with caryophyllene (65.8%) and α-pinene (9.65%) as the major constituents. The methanol extract was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis, which identified eleven phenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant. The extract showed significantly higher total phenolic (1196.22±11.64 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant (1870.00±17.69 mg QEE/100g) contents compared to the ME. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated that the methanol extract exhibited potent inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II, ICSO= 0.023 pg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (AChE, ICSO= 110 pg/mL), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50= 390 pg/mL). In contrast, the EO showed higher inhibition against α-amylase (IC50= 5920±10.45 pg/mL) and BChE (IC50= 1.32±0.65 pg/mL), while its α-glucosidase showed no inhibition. Antioxidant assays indicated superior activity for the methanol extract compared to the EO. Furthermore, antimicrobial testing revealed that the EO demonstrated broader and more effective antimicrobial action, exhibiting lower MIC and MBC values against several bacterial and fungal strains. Collectively, these results highlight F. platycarpa as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with promising applications in antidiabetic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial therapies.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/11562
  The Effect of Weathering on Color and Glossiness Properties of Polyurethane-Modified Water-Based Varnish Layers Applied to Thermally Treated Ash Wood

  Ulay, Göksel; Akter, Mete; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit; Atılgan, Abdi; Çiftçi, Seymen

  The effects of artificial weathering (168, 336, and 504 h) on the glossiness values and color parameters of varnished, polyurethane-modified ash wood were investigated. Samples included control samples without treatment and thermally treated samples under two different conditions (190 °C for 1.5 h and 212 °C for 2 h), all coated with a polyurethane-modified water-based varnish. In non-thermally treated and varnished samples, decreases in L* values were observed after weathering, while increases were noted in ho, C*, b*, and glossiness at 60° in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. After weathering, for samples thermally treated at 190 °C for 1.5 h and varnished, increases were observed in glossiness values at 20° and 60° in both directions, as well as in L*, b*, and ho values. Conversely, decreases were noted in a* and C* values. In samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished, increases in a*, L*, ho, b*, and C* values were detected after weathering, whereas decreases were observed in glossiness at all angles (20° and 60°) in both directions. The ∆E* values showed a decreasing trend in non-thermally treated varnished samples after weathering, while an increase was observed in samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished.

  AtıfScopus1·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/11534
  Application of the entropy based COPRAS model in determining the most appropriate irrigation systems for agricultural enterprises producing maize

  Ulay, Göksel; Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit

  Synthetic-based furniture varnish (colorless and glossy) was applied in two coats using a brush to the following wood types: lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.), black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold), kotibé (Nesogordonia papaverifera), iroko (Milicia excelsa Welw. C.C. Berg), and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). The color parameters [b*, ho, L*, a*, and C*, ∆a*, ∆L*, ∆C*, ∆H*, ∆b*, and ∆E*] of the varnished and unvarnished surfaces were compared. The analysis of variance results for all color parameters revealed significant effects for wood type, varnish application, and their interaction. When the ∆E* values derived from color formulas were sorted from the lowest to the highest, they were ordered as follows: lemon, black pine, kotibé, loquat, and iroko. After varnish application, decreases in L* values were observed across all wood types, while increases in b* and C* values were detected. In black pine wood, the a* and ho values increased. Additionally, for iroko, loquat, and kotibé woods, there was an increase in the a* parameter, while ho values decreased for these wood types. Overall, the varnish application resulted in color changes in the wood materials.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/10902
  Occupational Safety and Hidden Risks in a Furniture Factory: A Comprehensive Assessment of Hazards Related to Noise, Lighting, Thermal Comfort, and Dust Exposure

  Özdemir, Mustafa; Albayrak, Sirer

  This study assessed the occupational health and safety conditions in a furniture manufacturing facility, focusing on key environmental factors such as noise, lighting, thermal comfort, and dust exposure. Noise measurements recorded levels as high as 95.3 dB(A) during CNC machine operations, exceeding legal exposure limits of 87 dB(A), posing significant risks to workers’ hearing health. Lighting assessments showed levels ranging from 134 to 247 lux in production lines, which falls below the recommended threshold of 300 lux for adequate visibility. Thermal comfort was evaluated with temperature readings at 14.2 °C and relative humidity at 43%, revealing marginal comfort conditions that could reduce worker efficiency and satisfaction. Dust exposure measurements indicated respirable dust concentrations reaching 3.69 mg/m³ in the cutting department, which is close to the permissible exposure limit of 5 mg/m³, raising concerns about long-term respiratory health. These findings suggest several measures to improve workplace safety, including enhanced engineering controls, mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE), improved lighting systems, optimised thermal conditions, and advanced ventilation to reduce dust exposure. This comprehensive evaluation provides critical insights for improving furniture factories’ occupational health and safety practices.

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  AtıfScopus6·WoS6·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/13506
  Effect of Heat Treatment on Shore-D Hardness of Some Wood Species

  Esteves, Bruno; Sahin, Sırrı; Ayata, Ümit; Domingos, Idalina; Ferreira, José; Gürleyen, Levent

  Hardness is an important wood property for several applications. Typically, it is necessary to use traditional methods, such as a universal test machine, to determine a wood’s hardness value. This work reports the hardness of some wood species before and after heat treatment (ThermoWood method) using the Shore-D hardness method. The Shore-D hardness value of untreated wood ranged between 35.3 for Limba wood and 77.2 for Santos wood. With heat treatment, hardness decreased, and the decrease was greater for samples that underwent harsher treatment (2 h at 212 °C). The decrease of hardness was highest for Sipo wood (14%) and the lowest for Afrormosia wood (2.5%). Analysis of variance tests showed that there was a significant difference between wood species, heat treatment, and the interaction between both variables at the chosen level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Results showed that Shore-D hardness could be used to measure hardness directly in a production line or in small wood companies without using a universal test machine.

  AtıfScopus23·WoS17·OpenAlex24

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/13285
  Land Use Impact of Maritime Pine and Eucalypt: A Life Cycle Assessment Study

  Ferreira, José; Esteves, Bruno; Ayata, Ümit; Cruz-Lopes, Luisa; Domingos, Idalina

  The forestry sector in Portugal faces important challenges, resulting in an increased incidence of fires and the action of pathogens, which puts the sustainability of forest resources at risk. Due to the economic, social, and environmental importance of forests, this work assessed the land use environmental impact of maritime pine and eucalypt standing in Portuguese forests. SimaPro software was used to translate the inventory table results into land use impact category. The ILCD 2011 Midpoint+ method was chosen to assess the “land use” environmental impact that focuses on soil quality and its indicator (kg carbon deficit), which describes the changes in soil organic matter associated with land interventions. The results showed that for the first rotation time, the land use impact category per cubic meter of maritime pine is 18423 kg C deficit and 23430 kg C deficit for eucalypt, which means that the land use impact category of eucalypt is 27% higher than the impact of maritime pine.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS1·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/13519
  Determination of some wood properties and response to weathering of citrus limon (L.) Burm Wood

  Sahin, Sirri; Ayata, Ümit; Bal, Bekir Cihad; Esteves, Bruno; Can, Ahmet; Sivrikaya, Hüseyin

  The ability of Citrus limon (L.) Burm wood to be used for flooring applications was considered in this work. Selected wood properties were determined, and the response to weathering was tested. Janka hardness, density, screw withdrawal resistance, color, glossiness, and artificial weathering (144, 288, and 432 h) were determined. The wood from Citrus limon was shown to be a dense wood with air density around 830 kg/m3 and with a high Janka hardness of 138.0 N/mm2, 120.4 N/mm2, and 115.9 N/mm2 for cross, tangential, and radial sections, respectively. This opens good perspectives to this kind of wood being used for flooring. Statistical analysis showed that both Janka hardness and screw withdrawal resistance were significantly different between surfaces. Nevertheless, the homogeneity groups showed that the main differences were between the surfaces in the longitudinal direction when compared with the transverse direction. The wood is lighter than most common woods and it is mainly yellow. After weathering, the wood became darker, redder, and yellower. Glossiness decreased in the first hours of the weathering period.

  AtıfScopus8

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/14114
  Determination of Thermal Conductivity Properties in Some Wood Species Obtained from Turkey

  Çavus, Vedat; Sahin, Siri; Esteves, Bruno; Ayata, Umit

  With the increased awareness of thermal insulation of buildings, the knowledge of thermal conductivity of non-structural materials applied for roughing, cladding or flooring has become more important. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal conductivity of 31 different wood species originated from the region of Izmir in Turkey. Thermal conductivity of air dried boards was determined in accordance to ASTM 5334 standard which measures this property on the interior of wood rather than on the surface. Thermal conductivity varied from 0.090 to 0.197 W/ mK. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained for oak and the lowest for Canadian poplar. A linear relation was obtained between wood density and thermal conductivity.

  AtıfWoS42·OpenAlex58

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