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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Development and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Regulated Nursing Care Scale (SRNCS) among Turkish nurses
Akeren, Zahide; Akeren, İhsan; Isik, Hafsa Kubra
Background: Self-regulation refers to individuals’ ability to control themselves, manage their behaviours and learn from their environment. Self-regulated learning skills may support nurses in providing effective care. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Self-Regulated Nursing Care Scale (SRNCS) for assessing nurses’ self-regulated nursing care skills based on Zimmerman’s Self-Regulated Learning Model (Z’SLM) and the relevant literature. Methods: The planning, implementation and evaluation components of nursing care were considered in relation to the forethought, performance and self-reflection phases of Z’SLM. Data were collected online between November 2022 and January 2023 from nurses working in state hospitals. Content validity was assessed through expert review. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed using data from 201 and 239 nurses, respectively. Criterion validity and reliability were also examined. Results: EFA yielded a 16-item, three-dimensional structure comprising planning, implementation, and evaluation and explaining 63.9% of the total variance. CFA supported this three-factor structure in an independent sample. Criterion validity was supported by correlations with the Counselling Skills in Nurses Scale. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 for the overall scale and 0.81, 0.87, and 0.93 for the planning, implementation, and evaluation dimensions, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.77. Conclusion: The findings support the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the SRNCS for assessing self-regulated care skills among nurses providing inpatient care. The scale may be used in research and clinical settings to assess planning, implementation and evaluation dimensions of self-regulated nursing care. Future studies may examine relationships between SRNCS scores and care-related outcomes.
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İncele - Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ4Touching relief: A complementary path to easing rheumatoid arthritis pain
Kalyoncuo, Servet
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, leading to pain, joint stiffness, and functional impairment. Despite advances in pharmacological treatments, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents, many patients continue to experience residual symptoms that negatively affect quality of life. This review aims to evaluate the potential role of massage therapy as a complementary approach in the management of RA, with a focus on its clinical effects and proposed mechanisms. A structured literature search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) for studies published up to March 1, 2025. Studies were considered if they included individuals diagnosed with RA, evaluated any form of massage therapy (e.g., Swedish massage, aromatherapy massage, reflexology), and reported clinical or patient-reported outcomes. Both randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were included, while studies involving non-RA populations or insufficient methodological detail were excluded. However, this review was not designed as a fully systematic review and may be subject to selection bias. The available evidence suggests that massage therapy may be associated with improvements in pain, joint mobility, and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with RA. However, the overall strength of evidence is limited by methodological concerns, including small sample sizes, heterogeneity in intervention protocols, and the frequent lack of appropriate control groups. While some studies report reductions in inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), these findings are based on limited evidence and should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in studies where massage therapy is combined with other interventions. Massage therapy may also contribute to psychological well-being by reducing stress and improving overall mental health. Evidence derived from non-RA populations was considered only as supportive background and was not central to the conclusions of this review. Additionally, the potential for publication bias should be acknowledged, as studies with positive findings are more likely to be published. The integration of massage therapy into RA management may benefit from nurse-led approaches; however, variability in practitioner training and the lack of standardized intervention protocols remain important challenges. Future research should prioritize well-designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trials focusing specifically on RA populations, with standardized massage interventions and clearly defined outcome measures.