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- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ3Adult's food label awareness: scale development and validation
Açikgöz, Inci; Köktürk, Seda Nur; Yardimci, Hulya
PurposeThis study aimed to develop and validate the Food Label Awareness Scale (FLAS) to comprehensively assess adults' food label reading habits and expectations.Design/methodology/approachThe FLAS was developed based on a literature review and expert input. Initial item generation was followed by expert evaluations for content and face validity. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews using the preliminary version of the FLAS and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A total of 300 adults aged 20-65 years participated. Food label awareness was assessed based on the three subdimensions: (1) product packaging and ingredients, (2) nutrition and health and (3) product brand. In addition, participants' age, gender and education level were recorded. Cronbach's alpha assessed internal consistency. Reliability was supported by comparing the highest and lowest 27% of total scores. Associations between demographics and subdimension scores were tested using appropriate statistical methods.FindingsThe finalized 18-item FLAS demonstrated a three-factor structure with acceptable model fit and internal consistency. Older adults had higher awareness of packaging and ingredients. Lower education was associated with greater reliance on product brand.Research limitations/implicationsA primary limitation is the geographically restricted sample, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.Originality/valueThis study is original in developing a valid and reliable scale specifically measuring adults' awareness of food label reading - an area less explored in the literature, which mostly emphasizes general nutrition knowledge or label reading frequency.
AtıfWoS1OpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Modal testing and full-scale seismic evaluation of a historical minaret according to 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake and TBEC 2018 design spectrum
Demirtas, Betul; Yanik, Yusuf; Aymelek, Abdullah; Türker, Temel; Yildirim, Omer
PurposeMinarets, which were constructed from different types of materials, are slender and tall structures. Minarets could vary in terms of the construction technique, geometry and material. The seismic vulnerability and dynamic behavior of minarets could be different because of these reasons. Full-scale evaluation of minarets includes both experimental and numerical investigations. Experimental methods provide knowledge on the in situ conditions. The structural analysis and performance evaluation can be performed by using numerical methods. In this paper, full-scale structural evaluation of the Trabzon Fatih Mosque Minaret was presented by using experimental and numerical methods.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the finite element (FE) model of the minaret was generated by ANSYS software. Then, experimental measurements were carried out under environmental vibrations with newly developed vibration system. Afterwards, the initial FE model of the minaret was updated by using manual updating method according to the experimental measurement results. For the seismic performance assessment of the historical minaret, the time history and response spectrum analyses were performed on the initial and updated FE models using the acceleration records of 2023 February Kahramanmaras earthquake and TBEC 2018 codes. The results were evaluated comparatively, revealing that the nonlinear analyses produced higher values compared to other methods. Additionally, variations were observed in the updated FE model results compared to the initial FE model. Finally, it was seen that the minaret did not have sufficient strength against Kahramanmaras earthquake load, so it could collapse under such an earthquake.FindingsBy employing model updating method, the average absolute difference was substantially reduced from 9.12% to 2.11%. The maximum displacements increased with the effect of model updating in all analyses. It was also seen that the spectrum analyses results had lower values than the time-history analyses results and the displacement of the updated FE model was found to be approximately 8% greater than that of the initial FE model in the nonlinear analyses. The maximum/minimum principal stresses decreased in the updated model in the linear analyses. Also, it was determined that the equivalent stresses were higher in linear analyses. It was seen that the cracks occurring in the nonlinear analyses were concentrated more intensely at the bottom region, the transition segment and around the balcony of the minaret. The concentration of damage in these regions suggested that special attention was needed to increase structural durability. The drift ratios were calculated as 0.0056 and 0.0076 for the initial and updated FE models in the linear analyses, respectively. The initial FE model remained the CD limit, but the updated model reached the limit in CP. The drift ratios were calculated as 0.0087 and 0.0093 for the initial and updated FE models in the nonlinear analyses. Both the FE models reached the CP limit. It could be concluded that the minaret did not have sufficient strength against Kahramanmaras Earthquake, so it could collapse under such an earthquake. The drift ratios were calculated as 0.0041 and 0.0043 for the initial and updated FE models in the spectrum analyses. Both the FE models remained within the CD limit.Originality/valueThis paper aimed to evaluate effects of FE model updating on the dynamic and seismic behaviors of the historical Fatih Mosque Minaret in Trabzon. Structural behavior of the minaret was investigated using both experimental and numerical methods. For this purpose, 3-D FE model generated with ANSYS software of the minaret was updated according to the ambient vibration test results. Ambient vibration tests were conducted by measurement system, which was developed by our research team. The manual model updating method was utilized to minimize the differences between numerical and experimental results by varying the material properties. The linear-nonlinear time history analyses and response spectrum analyses were carried out to evaluate the seismic performance of the initial and updated FE models using the acceleration records of 2023 February Kahramanmaras Earthquake records and TBEC 2018 codes.
AtıfWoS11İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3Effect of resin content on tribological behavior of brake pad composite material
Yanar, Harun; Ayar, Hasan Huseyin; Demirtas, Muhammet; Purcek, Gencaga
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of straight phenolic resin content on the fade behavior, frictions and wear characteristics of pre-determined brake pad composite matrix having specific amount of barite (BaSO4), rock wool, Kevlar, graphite and magnetite. Design/methodology/approach Different amount of resin ranging between 16 and 20 wt. per cent were added by changing only the filler (barite) content of composite matrix. Subsequently, friction and wear behavior of the composite samples were analyzed using a special pin-on-disc type test system developed for brake pad sample. The worn surfaces were investigated by SEM and three-dimensional (3D) surface profilometer. Findings The average coefficient of friction (CoF) of composite samples and temperature of the disc surface showed a linear increase with decreasing the resin content. The sample having 20 wt. per cent resin showed the minimum wear rate with smooth worn surface. But the amount of fade is quite high in that sample. Decreasing resin content decreased the fade formation, and the composite with 16 per cent resin brought about the minimum fade formation. As the fade formation is unwanted in brake pad applications, the composite with 16 wt. per cent resin was proposed as the most appropriate one considering the performance parameters related to friction and wear. Originality/value This paper optimizes the resin content of composite brake pad materials to achieve the best combination of its tribo-performance and mechanical properties and provides valuable information for scientists and engineers working in that area.
AtıfWoS8OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3The relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth The case of Bulgaria
Can, Hamit; Korkmaz, Ozge
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth of Bulgaria. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth of Bulgaria for the period 1990-2016, based on annual data, by using the Toda-Yamamoto analysis and Autogressive Distrubuted Lag (ARDL) bound test. This period is characterized by the democratization of the Balkans and several crisis cycles in Bulgaria. Renewable energy consumption (REC, percentage of total final energy consumption), renewable electricity output (REO, percentage of total electricity output) and economic growth (GDP constant 2010 US$) were used. The levels or differences of the variables that are stationary were investigated using the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Philips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Philips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests. Findings Three different results were obtained from this study. One showed that renewable energy consumption and renewable electricity output are the causes of economic growth. Another result of this study is that economic growth and renewable electricity output are the causes of renewable energy consumption. The last result is that economic growth and renewable energy consumption are not causes of renewable electricity output. There was no long-term relationship between variables. Originality/value This study is an original work for Bulgaria, showing the results of the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth. In line with the results of this study, renewable energy projects related to Bulgaria can be predicted.
AtıfWoS76OpenAlex99İncele - DergiINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT
- DergiNUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE
- DergiINDUSTRIAL LUBRICATION AND TRIBOLOGY