Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Relationships between problematic social media use and social comparison: a meta-analysis
Demir, Mustafa; Yayla, İbrahim Erdoğan; Kaya, Metin; Koçak, Lokman; Arpaci, Ibrahim; Baloglu, Mustafa
We examined the relationship between problematic social media use (PSMU) and social comparison via a meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. The study includes quantitative data from 20 independent studies published between January 2019 and October 2025 that examined the relationship between PSMU and social comparison. The studies encompassed adolescents, university students, and the general adult population from both individualistic and collectivist cultural contexts. Effect sizes were calculated using Fisher’s z-transformation under a random-effects model. The results indicated a modest positive relationship between PSMU and social comparison, with an effect size (ES) of 0.24 (95% CI [0.13, 0.36]). Following the Trim-and-Fill adjustment, the effect size decreased slightly, but the overall pattern was preserved. Additional meta-analyses based on standardized regression coefficients showed that, when control variables were included, the association weakened but remained detectable (ES = 0.169, 95% CI [0.029, 0.309]). Effect sizes in unpublished studies were close to zero; however, this finding should be interpreted with caution, as it is based on a limited number of unpublished studies. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed across the analyses. Moderation and meta-regression analyses indicated that the relationship may vary depending on the type of social comparison scale, age, gender composition, and countries’ Global Innovation Index scores. Studies using theory-based measures of social comparison reported higher effect sizes. Higher effect estimates were observed in samples comprising older participants, in groups with a greater proportion of men, and in countries with lower levels of national innovation. In contrast, effect estimates in adolescent samples were relatively small and, in some subgroup analyses, remained trivial despite reaching statistical significance. In conclusion, social comparison shows a limited, context-sensitive relationship in magnitude rather than a strong or universal one with PSMU. However, it is unclear whether the observed relationship reflects a genuine connection between the independent constructs or partial conceptual overlap between the measurement instruments. The findings suggest that, although some sub-group effects may be statistically significant, their practical importance may remain limited. Therefore, the relationship between PSMU and social comparison should be evaluated within a multi-layered theoretical framework that accounts for measurement approaches, socio-technical contexts, and potential conceptual overlaps between constructs.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex2
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1FoMO and cyberstalking in adults: the mediating roles of early maladaptive schemas and phubbing
Koçak, Lokman
Introduction – It is noticeable that cyberstalking behavior, which has become widespread in recent years and has many negative effects, has been investigated to a limited extent. This study aimed to analyse the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas of abandonment and insufficient self-control and phubbing in the relationship between FoMO and cyberstalking among adult individuals. Methods – The study group comprised 540 adults aged 18–48 (71.1% female and 28.9% male). We adopted Pearson correlation analysis and PROCESS Macro Model 80 in regression analysis to explore the relationships among cyberstalking, FoMO, early maladaptive schemas and phubbing. Results – The results showed that there were significant relationships between the study variables. Also, results show that early maladaptive schemas of abandonment and insufficient self-control and phubbing mediate the relationship between FoMO and cyberstalking. Discussion – These findings suggest that the abandonment schema may be associated with FoMO-related cyberstalking through a theoretically informed pathway that may reflect attachment-related vulnerabilities, whereas the insufficient self-control schema may reflect a possible self-regulation-related dimension that may be associated with FoMO-related digital behaviors of this process. The inclusion of phubbing in the model further indicates that FoMO-related attentional and relational dysregulation may be linked to monitoring-oriented online behaviors. In this regard, these findings may provide a theoretical perspective for future studies examining attachment-related schema sensitivities, self-regulation processes, and mindful technology use in relation to FoMO-related digital behaviors.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Social Media Interaction Motivation Scale: Development and Relations with Fear of Missing Out, Phubbing, Social Media Disorder, Gender and Time Spent
Akeren, İhsan; Koçak, Lokman; Özgöl, Mustafa; Demir, Mustafa
Social media, which is one of the platforms where online activities are most intensely observed, has become an indispensable element of daily life as it enables individuals to interact. The aim of this three-phase study was to develop a measure of social media interaction motivation (SMIM) among those who use at least one of these platforms, to test its validity and reliability, and then to examine its relationship with some variables that were found to be similar. SMIM increases unhealthy cyber behaviors such as fear of missing out (FoMO) and phubbing. Comparing the measures across the three studies, the means of SMD, FoMO, and phubbing do not differ by gender, except for the higher SMIMS scores of females in Study 2. However, these means increase dramatically with time spent on social media. Considering some limitations of the study, we present our suggestions for future studies.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Ortaokul Öğrencilerinde Öz-Şefkat ile Psikolojik Sağlamlık Arasındaki İlişkide Bilişsel Esnekliğin Aracı Rolü
Koçak, Lokman; Terzi, Elif
Ortaokul öğrencilerinde öz-şefkat ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkide bilişsel esnekliğin aracı rolünü incelemek bu çalışmanın amacıdır. Çalışma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği”, “Öz-Şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formu” ve “Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği” 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Trabzon şehrinin farklı ilçelerindeki ortaokullarda öğrenim görmekte olan 545 kız ve 485 erkek toplam 1030 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Veriler; SPSS 23 istatistik programı kullanılarak psikolojik sağlamlık, öz-şefkat, bilişsel esneklik arasındaki ilişkiler regresyona dayalı aracılık analizi, korelasyon analizi işe koşularak ele alınmıştır. Bootstrap yöntemi yardımıyla da sınanmak istenen aracı modeldeki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkiler tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları ele alındığında öz-şefkat ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişkide bilişsel esnekliğin aracı rolünün var olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma çerçevesinde elde edilen bulgular alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılarak bu doğrultuda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Moderated Mediation in Problematic Digital Gaming Among Adolescents: Self-Esteem, Social Anxiety, Self-Concealment, and Sensation Seeking
Yayla, İbrahim Erdoğan; Makas, Samet; Koçak, Lokman; Yıldırım, Murat; Dombak, Kübra
Background: Problematic digital gaming among adolescents is a common behavioral issue that has negative consequences on school functioning and mental health. Theoretically, it is predicted that low self-esteem paves the way for problematic gaming by increasing social anxiety and self-concealment; this indirect pathway may be stronger in sensation seeking adolescents. Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between self-esteem and problematic digital gaming among adolescents, first through the PROCESS Model 6 in terms of social anxiety and self-concealment as mediators, and subsequently through Model 89 in terms of moderated mediation by sensation seeking. Method: The sample consisted of 448 Turkish adolescents (243 (54.2%) males, 205 (45.8%) females) aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.9). Participants completed the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents—Short Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Concealment Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale and the Social Anxiety Scale-8. Results: A significant negative relationship was found between self-esteem and problematic digital gaming. Social anxiety and self-concealment fully mediated this relationship (indirect effects were significant). Sensation seeking conditioned the mediation by strengthening pathways to problematic digital gaming (moderated mediation was significant). The indirect effect was greater in those with high sensation seeking. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the negative effect, ranging from self-esteem to problematic digital gaming, progresses through social anxiety and self-concealment, and that this mediation is strengthened in adolescents with high sensation seeking. These results emphasize the need to integrate social anxiety reduction and self-expression skills into interventions in a target-sensitive manner, taking into account differences in sensation seeking.
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3Fear of missing out mediated the relationship between social appearance anxiety and phubbing in Turkish adults
Batmaz, Hasan; Çelik, Eyüp; Koçak, Lokman; Nur Tufan, Beyza; Makas, Samet; Yıldırım, Murat
The existing body of research lacks investigations into the potential links between fear of missing out (FOMO), social appearance anxiety, and phubbing. For the first time, this study examined the mediating role of FOMO in the relationship between phubbing and social appearance anxiety. Participants included 341 Turkish adults (Mage = 28.25, SD = 8.02) and completed the measures of FOMO, social appearance anxiety, and phubbing. Results showed that social appearance anxiety was positively related to FOMO and phubbing. Also, FOMO was positively associated with phubbing. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that FOMO partially mediated the association of social appearance anxiety with phubbing. These results suggest that social appearance anxiety exacerbates the FOMO, which in turn leads to an increased level of phubbing. These findings have significant implications for both research and practice.
AtıfScopus8OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Sınav Kaygısı ile Başa Çıkmada Çözüm Odaklı Kısa Süreli Terapinin Etkisi: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Koçak, Lokman; Terzi, Elif
Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınav kaygısı ile başa çıkmada çözüm odaklı kısa süreli terapinin etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu etkiyi incelemek amacıyla, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tek denekli deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı, yüksek düzeyde sınav kaygısı belirtileri gösteren ortaokul 8. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan bir öğrencidir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Westside Sınav Kaygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Müdahale programı 4 oturum uygulama ve bir 1 oturum izleme olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öncelikle başlangıç düzeyi verisi elde edilmiş, müdahale programının uygulanması aşamasında her hafta veri toplanmaya devam edilmiştir. Uygulama oturumları bittikten 4 hafta sonra izleme oturumu ile izleme verisi elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde grafiksel analiz kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, katılımcının derecelendirme sorusuna giderek daha yüksek puanlar verdiği, sınav kaygısında ve sınav kaygısının karın ağrısı, yüzde kızarma, sınava odaklanmada zorluk yaşama gibi etkilerinde azalma olduğu ve ölçüm puanlarında da olumlu yönde değişim gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, çözüm odaklı kısa süreli terapinin sınav kaygısı ile başa çıkmada etkili bir yaklaşım olduğu söylenebilir.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Siber Stalklama Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Demir, Mustafa; Koçak, Lokman; Özgöl, Mustafa
Bu araştırmada, Siber Stalklama Ölçeği’nin Türk kültüründeki geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu, yaş aralığı 19-47 arasında değişen 162 kadın ve 103 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 265 yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Geçerlik işlemleri kapsamında açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) kullanılmıştır. AFA sonucunda modeli %37.65 oranında açıklayan tek faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. DFA sonucunda ise modelin veri ile uyumunun iyi düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir (X2/sd= 1.63, CFI= .95, GFI= .93, AGFI= .89, RMSEA= .06, SRMR= .05). Güvenirlik için Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayıları AFA ve DFA örneklemleri için sırasıyla .81 ve .83, iki yarı test güvenirliği ise .77 ve .76 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bu bulgular, ölçeğin Türk kültüründe geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
AtıfOpenAlex5TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ2The mediating role of time attitude in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience in high school students
Çelik, Eyüp; Süler, Melek; Söylemez, Aydın; Koçak, Lokman
The aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of time attitudes in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience in high school students. High school students’ self-esteem, time attitude, and resilience have been researched comparatively. The research was carried out with a quantitative research design and survey method. Participants, who were selected using a convenience sampling method, were high school students. The 1,932 participants consisted of students in the following grade distribution: 793 ninth grade (248 male, 545 female); 365 tenth grade (78 male, 257 female); 350 eleventh grade (90 male, 260 female); and 434 twelfth grade (130 male, 324 female). Participants were selected from secondary education institutions in Sakarya and Kocaeli during COVID-19 from January to May 2021. Data were collected using tools such as the Two Factored Self-Esteem Scale, Adolescent Time Attitude Scale, and Ego Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis and regression-based mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, time attitude and resilience. The SPSS 22 package program was used to analyze the data. After analyzing the data, it has been concluded that the time attitude in adolescents indeed has a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience. The results of the research will make important contributions to the related literature.
AtıfScopus5OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2023Scopus SJRQ1Examining the attitudes of sexually abused and non-abused individuals towards marriage in terms of ambivalent sexism
Çelik, Eyüp; Dombak, Kübra; Kaya, Mehmet; Sahranç, Ümit; Makas, Samet; Koçak, Lokman; Takunyacı, Mithat; Bekir, Seyhan
The research aims to examine the attitudes of individuals who are victims of abuse and those who are not towards marriage in terms of ambivalent sexism. The research study group consists of 718 individuals between the ages of 18–48. Research data were collected with the Inonu Marriage Attitude Scale and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was concluded that the marriage attitude was positively and significantly correlated with hostile and protective sexism. However, since the relationship between hostile sexism and attitudes towards marriage is lower than that of protective sexism, hostile sexism was not included in the model as a control variable. In the covariance analysis, it is seen that protective sexism and sexual abuse predict the attitude towards marriage at a statistically significant level. In addition, when the effect of sexual abuse on the attitude towards marriage was examined by controlling the protective sexism variable, it was found that it was statistically significant without the effect of sexism. According to the findings, it was determined that individuals who were not victims of sexual abuse had higher attitudes towards marriage than those who were victims. Copyright:
AtıfScopus4WoS5OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1Investigation of the effect of group counselling based on schema therapy on academic expectation stress in high school students
Koçak, Lokman; Çelik, Eyüp
This research is a preliminary evaluation study to determine whether group counselling based on schema therapy has an effect on academic expectation stress in high school students. In this study, a 2 × 3 split-plot design was used. The Academic Expectation Stress Inventory was applied for data collection purposes. The effect of group counselling based on schema therapy on academic expectation stress was tested using a two-factor ANOVA for mixed measurements. As a result of the analysis, the intervention*time effect was found to be significant with regard to academic expectation stress. The findings obtained in the study reveal that group counselling based on schema therapy creates a significant decrease in adolescents' academic expectation stress level, and this decline continues, as shown in the follow-up test. As a result, it can be said that the group counselling programme based on schema therapy, which was developed as a preliminary evaluation study, has the potential to reduce the academic expectation stress level of high school students.
AtıfScopus3WoS2OpenAlex3İncele