The Change Process of the Rural People in Orhan Kemal’s Novels titled On Fertile Lands (Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde) and Birds of Exile (Gurbet Kuşları

Orhan Kemal is one of our socialist-realistic novelists examining the phenomenon of migration from rural to urban areas, which have accelerated ever since 1950s, and the reality imposed by the capitalist economic structure, and telling the problems of rural people such as dilemmas, troubles, change and transformation, alienation and building an identity. Orhan Kemal wrote about the lives of the land and factory workers, which he personally experienced or closely witnessed, and the life struggles of the expatriates, who have migrated from the rural to urban areas, with such realism and sincerity; thus, he was known as the author with the artistic identity by "writing on what he experienced" and gained a unique place in the Turkish literature. The migration of the rural people, who have no opportunity to live and earn income in their birthplace together with the industrialization observed in the agricultural sector, to urban areas in the hope of establishing a new life order and their efforts to hold onto life here are the problems examined in the novels of the author titled On Fertile Lands (Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde) and Birds of Exile (Gurbet Kuşları), which is considered as a sequel to the first novel. In both novels, the author demonstrates the processes undergone by rural people, who have not left their village before and therefore do not know anything about the cities and the city people, such as staggering in the total chaos environment of the city, objectification, alienating to themselves and to the society, drifting away from the human virtues and being upside down in terms of values. In this study, the change processes mentioned above will be tried to be revealed by focusing on the two related novels of the author.