Relations of the ilkhanate state with the hijaz region

After Mengü Kaan’s brother Hülegü, who was appointed to this region in order to establish a strong Mongol presence in the Middle East, he completely captured the regions of Khorasan, Iran and Azerbaijan, he turned to Iraq, which was dominated by the Abbasid caliphate. It seems that the İlhanlı-Hijaz region relations started indirectly. The Ilkhanid State that was established with the arrival of Hülegü to the Middle East, with its dominance on the pilgrimage routes passing through the Iraq region and it took a side to the conflicts that emerged in the Hijaz region fort he emirate of Makkah, The Ilkhanid State emerged as an important political factor on the Hijaz region, especially at the beginning of the XIV. century, For the organization and safety of the Muslims who went on a pilgrimage from the Ilkhanid geography, the Haj Emirate Establishment was set up by the Ilhanli administration. This show us that the Ilkhanians are closely related to the Hijaz region with the efforts of the pilgrims who have water shortages in the Hijaz region and the gifts sent by the Ilkhanians with the Iraqi pilgrimage group. In the study, we aim to discuss the relations of the Ilkhanian State with the Hijaz region in a broader way within the framework of the issues we briefly mentioned above. The relations of the Ilkhanids with the Hijaz region, which started from the time of Ilkhan Hülegü, experienced a political peak especially during the time of Gâzân Khan and Olcâytû Khans. The needs of the Muslim people living in large geographies such as Khorasan, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Anatolia, in terms of the attitude of the Muslim Ilkhanate statesmen and Ilkhanid rulers, were in a situation that varied in favor and against the Muslim people until the period of Ghazan Mahmud Khan. In this period, the Muslim population, who constituted the majority of the Ilkhanate country, had no choice but to wait for the Hajj road, which was under the control of the Ilkhanids, to be opened by these statesmen. In this context, we will try to explain the perspectives of the Ilkhanids on the organization of Hajj and their political relations with the Hejaz region, from the establishment of the Ilkhanid State to its collapse, by focusing on the sources of the period. The Emirate issue in the Hejaz region has turned into a conflict between families living in this geography. In particular, the administration of the city of Mecca and Harâmeyn was a very prestigious issue in the Islamic world. In this context, the two great powers of the Near East geography in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Mamluks and Ilkhanids, were in competition in the Islamic world over the issue of emirate in the Hejaz region. Therefore, while the Mamluks supported Abu'l-Gays, the Ilkhanids were supporting Abu'l-Gays' brother Humayza. We see that the Ilkhanids were actively involved in the regional politics, especially during the time of Ghazan Mahmud Khan and Olcaytu Khan. Unsuccessful in his attempt to seize the Emirate of Mecca, Humayza fled to the Iraqi region within the borders of the Ilkhanate and took refuge in the Ilkhanid ruler Sultan Olcaytû Muhammed Khan. In line with the historical process of the Ilkhanate State and the aforementioned questions, we will try to convey in detail the Ilkhanid-Hicaz relations, the pilgrimage journey of the Ilkhanids and the issue of the pilgrimage emirate, which we realized that had not been addressed before in the studies on the Ilkhanid history.