Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11430
  Optimization of surface modification parameters of calcium carbonate in the rotary-vibration mill with a fuzzy-based taguchi experimental method

  Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin

  Ultra-fine calcium carbonate (UCC) is used as a filler material in polymers, and after a surface modification (coating) process, its surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. However, conventional coating techniques such as raymond and pin mills are widely used in the industry; there is still a need for new, inexpensive, and practical methods. Mechanochemical technologies are considered one of the most effective alternatives. The rotary-vibration mill (RVM) works mechanically and is characterized by low investment and operating costs. There are three main contributions in this paper. First, a fuzzy-based Taguchi experimental design is proposed to analyze a fuzzy response under uncertainty. Second, the surface modification of UCC with stearic acid was carried out using RMV, with five modification parameters and an active ratio fuzzy response. Moreover, the results indicate that RVMs are an alternative mechanochemical surface modification technology for preparing coated calcium carbonate (CCC). Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), contact angle, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Analysis), TGA-DTA (Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Thermal Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses were conducted for the coated calcium carbonate (CCC) acquired from the optimum conditions of the modification study.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/10958
  Assessment of municipal water quality criteria in consideration of microbiological and physicochemical parameters using a fuzzy decision-making framework

  Suiçmez, Özlem; Teke, Çağatay; Özdemir, Akın

  Water is a significant element for the sustainability of life and is crucial for many aspects, such as agriculture, cities, ecosystems, industries, and people. This study focuses on municipal water quality assessments for urbanization activities and human health concerns when dealing with the sustainable city concept. For the first time, an integrated fuzzy decision-making framework is proposed to evaluate municipal water quality criteria with microbiological parameters, heavy metals, and other chemicals. For this aim, the eight main criteria and forty-four sub-criteria were specified to evaluate municipal water quality for a sustainable city. A case study was performed in Bayburt, Türkiye, to evaluate 130 water depots when dealing with a number of scenarios. Moreover, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6.1 and 6.3 can be achieved through the study. Finally, this study presents how to develop safe and clean water management for the concept of a sustainable city.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11030
  Optimization of surface modification parameters of fly ash with high calcium oxide (CaO) content to use as a filling material

  Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay

  Fly ash (FA) is the fine-grained waste product obtained by burning coal after being ground to specific sizes in thermal power plants, carried with flue gases, and kept in cyclones or electro-filters. Like every industrial waste, the possibilities of utilizing FA have been investigated, and it can be utilized as an additive in cement and concrete. Despite this, industrial waste, which increases daily in the world, brings many problems, especially environmental problems. For this reason, alternative usage areas of the waste in question are constantly being investigated. In this paper, FA containing approximately 50 % CaO from Afşin-Elbistan, Turkiye was processed with stearic acid in a planetary mill to be used as a filling material in industrial products, and it has a grain size of 68.10 μm on a d50 basis, a specific surface area (SSA) of 176.40 m2/g and a contact angle of 13.89. An optimization and characterization study was conducted to make the hydrophilic surface structure hydrophobic by mechanochemical surface modification. Also, surface modification parameters, such as operational speed (rpm), ball filling ratio (%), FA filling ratio (%), pulp density, stearic acid dosage (% of FA), and modification time (min.) were optimized with the D-optimal experimental design. Based on the optimum surface modification parameters, a coated fly ash (CFA) product was obtained with an active ratio of 99.70 %, a contact angle of 95.06o, a medium size (d50) size of 10.60 μm, and an SSA of 926.90 m2/g.

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  AtıfScopus8·WoS8·OpenAlex9

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/13154
  Optimization of asymmetric bioreduction conditions of 1-indanone by Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6 using a face-centered design-based multi-objective optimization model

  Alamoudi, Mohammed; Özdemir, Akın; Dertli, Enes; Bolubaid, Mohammed; Alidrisi, Hassan M.; Taylan, Osman; Yılmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Şahin, Engin

  There has been an increasing interest in biocatalysts over the past few decades in order to obtain high efficiency, high yield, and environmentally benign procedures aiming at the manufacture of pharmacologically relevant chemicals. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), a microbial group, can be employed as biocatalysts while performing asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones. In this study, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6 was used for the asymmetric bioreduction 1-indanone. And then, a novel and innovative face-centered design-based multi-objective optimization model was used to optimize experimental conditions. Also, the experimental design factors were defined as agitation speed, incubation period, pH, and temperature for optimization to acquire the maximum enantiomeric excess (ee) and conversion rate (cr) values. When using the face-centered design-based multi-objective optimization model, the optimum culture conditions corresponded to 96.34 and 99.42%, ee and cr responses, respectively, were pH = 5.87, incubation temperature = 35 °C, incubation period = 50.88 h, and agitation speed = 152.60 rpm. Notably, the validation experiment under the optimum model conditions confirmed the model results. This study demonstrated the importance of the optimization and the efficiency of the face-centered design-based multi-objective model.

  AtıfScopus1·WoS9·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/13085
  Wet mechanochemical surface modification of calcite employing an integration of conventional design and analytical hierarchy process

  Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın

  The demand for ultra-fine mineral powders from various industries requires the applications of wet grinding and surface modification. In this study, wet mechanochemical surface modification of micronized calcite (d50 = 4.92 μm) with stearic acid [CH3(CH2)16COOH] was carried out in a planetary ball mill. The seven parameters were specified: ball filling ratio (%), ball size distribution ratio (10 and 15 mm, %), micronized calcite filling ratio (%), pulp solid ratio (wt%), mill speed (rpm), stearic acid dosage (% of micronized calcite) and modification time (min). Then, these parameters were optimized using a conventional experimental design when maximizing the active ratio (%) as a significant value for coated calcite. Besides, the analytical hierarchy process was applied to observe the importance of each parameter. Stearic acid dosage, mill speed, and micronized calcite filling ratio are the top three parameters affecting the active ratio. Next, size distribution, XRF, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA-DTA, contact angle, and whiteness measurements were performed on the micronized calcite (MC) and coated micronized calcite (CMC) samples. The final CMC product had a 99.90% active ratio, 2.49 μm mean (d50) particle size, and 101.66o contact angle. Finally, CMC obtained by the surface modification can be used as a filler mineral.

  AtıfScopus6·WoS4·OpenAlex7

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/13028
  Efficient bioreduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanone to drug precursor (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol by a whole-cell biocatalyst using a novel hybrid design technique

  Bayhan, Beyzanur; Özdemir, Akın; Dertli, Enes; Şahin, Engin

  Asymmetric synthesis is a critical tactic in pharmaceutical industries for creating chiral medications as it allows an enantiomer to be obtained in synthetic chemistry. The asymmetric bioreduction processes by biocatalysts have shown significant potential in producing chiral alcohols. The amount of substrate and the production method of the biocatalytic synthesis of (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol ((S)-2) are not still desired levels. Furthermore, the biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanone (1) to (R)- or (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol did not use any mathematical modeling techniques. In this study, the asymmetric bioreduction of 1 was carried out in this work employing Lactobacillus paracasei BD71 biocatalyst and a novel hybrid design-based optimization approach. By using the hybrid design technique, the optimal circumstances were discovered to be pH = 7, temperature = 29 °C, incubation period = 66 h, and agitation speed = 189 rpm. Also, the enantiomeric excess (ee) and conversion could be 99.15 % and 98.19 %, respectively. Next, (S)-2 was acquired to be ee: 99 %, conversion: >99 %, and yield: 97 % from the optimum bioreduction conditions. Furthermore, 14.08 g of 1 under optimal conditions was entirely transformed into (S)-2 (13.84 g, 97 % isolated yield). This study is the first research attempt to use a biocatalyst and an innovative and new hybrid design-based optimization approach to fabricate enantiopure (S)-2 at a high gram scale. This work has successfully demonstrated that the new hybrid design-based optimization technique is applicable to biocatalytic asymmetric reduction processes.

  AtıfScopus9·WoS8·OpenAlex5

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/12942
  A Multi-response Nonlinear Programming Model with an Inscribed Design to Optimize Bioreduction Conditions of (S)-phenyl (pyridin-2-yl)methanol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13

  Özdemir, Akın; Şahin, Engin

  Asymmetric bioreductions have the potential to synthesize chiral alcohols when catalyzed by biocatalysts. Nevertheless, the (S)-phenyl (pyridin-2-yl)methanol ((S)-2) analgesic synthesis poses significant challenges concerning unsatisfactory substrate amount and production method. Thus, this study proposes an inscribed design-focused multi-response nonlinear optimization model for the asymmetric reduction of the phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (1) with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13 biocatalyst. From the novel inscribed design-focused multi-response nonlinear optimization model, optimization conditions of the reaction, such as pH = 6, temperature = 29 °C, incubation time = 53 h, and agitation speed = 153 rpm, were found. Also, the reaction conversion was predicted to be 99%, and the product of the enantiomeric excess (ee) was 98.4% under the obtained optimization conditions. (S)-2 was obtained with 99% ee, 99% conversion, and 98% yield while performing a validation experiment using the determined optimized conditions. In addition, 1 with the amount of 11.9 g was converted entirely to (S)-2 (11.79 g, 98% isolated yield) on a high gram scale. Also, this study is noted as the first example of the gram-scale production of (S)-2 using an optimization strategy and biocatalyst. Further, the applicability of the inscribed design-focused optimization model in biocatalytic reactions has been demonstrated and provides an effective process for the analgesic synthesis of (S)-2, which is a green, cost-effective method of producing chiral aryl heteroaryl methanol.

  AtıfScopus3·WoS3·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/12821
  Optimization of mechanochemical surface modification parameters on planetary mill using an I-optimal experimental design

  Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin

  Several micro-particle-size additives and filler minerals are added to many industrial products, especially plastic, in order to reduce cost and improve mechanical properties and appearance. Also, grinding and surface modification are two fundamental properties of the filler minerals used in plastic products. Notably, Bayburt stone (BS) used as a natural raw material from Bayburt, Türkiye contains 76% SiO2 and 15% Al2O3. In this paper, the hydrophilic surface structure of micronized Bayburt stone (MBS) was made hydrophobe by mechanochemical surface modification using calcium stearate [Ca(C17H35COO)2] in a laboratory-type planetary mill. Next, the optimum conditions of the surface modification design factors, which are (1) ball filling ratio = 30.53%, (2) powder filling ratio = 10.43%, (3) mill speed = 475.91 rpm, (4) chemical dosage = 1.99% of powder, and (5) modification time = 4.83 min., were obtained using the proposed I-optimal design-focused optimization model when predicting the model parameters. In addition, a coated micronized Bayburt stone (CMBS) product with an active ratio (AR) of 99.90% and d10, d50, and d90 values of 1.32 μm, 3.48 μm and 9.55 μm were achieved. Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectrum (EDS), and contact angle analyses were performed on the CMBS product.

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  AtıfScopus5·WoS6·OpenAlex6

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11680
  A Novel Fuzzy Cumulative Sum Control Chart with an α-Level Cut Based on Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers for a Real Case Application

  Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin; Serencam, Hüseyin

  Statistical process control (SPC) is widely used to monitor production processes in many industries under certain conditions. When dealing with a quality characteristic for uncertainty, fuzzy numbers are used in the context of the statistical process control (SPC) to monitor a fuzzy production process. The aim of this paper is fourfold. One, a fuzzy X¯-R control chart with an α-level cut is used based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFNs) for detecting the large shifts in the fuzzy process mean. Second, a fuzzy cumulative sum (FCUSUM) control with an α-level cut based on TFNs is firstly developed for detecting the small shifts in the fuzzy process mean. Third, the fuzzy process capability indices (FPCIs) are presented to measure the fuzzy process performance. Finally, an ultra-fine calcite production process is controlled with both the fuzzy X¯-R control chart and the proposed FCUSUM control chart. The results of the fuzzy X¯-R control charts show that the fuzzy production process is in control, and large shifts in the fuzzy process mean were detected. On the other hand, the results of the FCUSUM charts show that the fuzzy production process is out of control, and small shifts in the fuzzy process mean were detected. FPCIs are also conducted, and the results of fuzzy Cpk indices show that the ultra-fine calcite production process is not capable of meeting specification limits.

  AtıfScopus7·WoS9·OpenAlex9

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11638
  Effective biocatalytic synthesis of enentiopure (R)-1,2-diphenylethanol as a pharmaceutical precursor using whole-cell biocatalyst

  Çakmak, Fadile; Özdemir, Akın; Dertli, Enes; Şahin, Engin

  Optically active alcohols are crucial precursors. 1,2-Diarylethanols and their analogues constitute a significant group of substances of biological significance. The biocatalytic synthesis of (R)-1,2-diphenylethanol ((R)-2), which can be utilized as a precursor to important drugs, is still not at the desired level in terms of substrate amount and production process. This study asymmetrically reduced 1,2-diphenylethanone (1) using the Lactobacillus paracasei BD87E6 biocatalyst and a novel orthogonal quadratic design-embedded optimization approach. The following reaction optimization conditions were determined using the suggested optimization technique: pH = 6, temperature = 31 °C, incubation period = 48 h, and agitation speed=134 rpm. In addition, the reaction conversion was estimated to be 99.38 %, and the product's enantiomeric excess (ee) was estimated to be 99.12 %. Further, (R)-2 was produced with >99 % ee, >99 % conversion, and 98 % yield in the experimental investigation under the established optimum conditions. This study is the first attempt to reduce substrate 1 to (R) or (S)-2 using a mathematical optimization method in the presence of a biocatalyst. Furthermore, on a high-gram scale, 1 (15.70 g) was entirely transformed into (R)-2 (15.54 g, 98 % isolated yield). Notably, this study is also the first to perform the gram-scale production of (R)-2 using a novel optimization approach and a biocatalyst. Finally, the innovative and novel orthogonal quadratic design-embedded optimization technique has been demonstrated as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly biocatalytic procedure for synthesizing (R)-2.

  AtıfScopus7·WoS7·OpenAlex6

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