Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/10853
  The Role of Women's Labor Law and Business Freedom in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in OECD Countries

  Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Isik, Olcay; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays

  Business freedom (FR) and women's labor law (WLL) are critical in achieving the SDGs. This research aims to test the effect of these two factors on the SDGs while also considering economic growth and energy efficiency, framing the analysis within the legal, economic, and environmental dynamics of the SDGs holistically. Fourier-augmented PANIC, cross-sectional dependence tests, panel OLS, bootstrap quantile regression, and panel Granger causality tests are applied for this aim. The OLS and bootstrap quantile regression analyses indicate that while FR negatively affects SDG at lower quantiles, these effects turn positive in higher quantiles. This can mean that in countries with high institutional quality, the freedom to do business becomes a tool for supporting sustainable economic development. The WLL has positive effects on SDGs in all quantiles except the 20th quantile. This result clearly shows the decisive role of women's labor rights and legal protections in driving sustainable development. The Granger causality test also supports these results: FR and WLL have a positive Granger causality effect on the SDGs. Additionally, while GDP positively affects SDGs in all quantiles, renewable energy efficiency negatively affects SDGs at low quantiles and has a positive impact at higher quantiles.

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  AtıfScopus13·WoS11·OpenAlex12

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/10820
  Does Climate Change Vulnerability Cause Energy Vulnerability in Sustainable Development?

  Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Kuziboev, Bekhzod; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays

  Climate change and energy security are two fundamental vulnerability areas that interact with each other and hold critical importance for sustainable development goals. This research aims to fill the research gap by investigating the effects of climate change vulnerability (CCV) on the energy vulnerability (EV) relationship, which has not been adequately addressed in the literature, using a large panel dataset covering 74 countries and employing various methodological approaches (MMQR, PLFC, DID). The results of the MMQR model indicate that CCV increases EV across all quantiles. According to the results of the PLFC model, it is revealed that CCV on EV varies depending on the economic development level of countries. This effect is higher in low-income countries. The study also employs the DID model to examine the impact of China's foreign energy investments on countries' EV. According to this model, China's fossil-based energy investments, particularly those in the energy sector, increase the EV of countries. While economic development reduces EV across all quantiles, financial development reduces it in the lower and medium quantiles (25% and 50%); urbanization reduces it in the medium and higher quantiles (50% and 75%). All results show that the interaction between EV and CCV is a multidimensional and dynamic process. Accordingly, policymakers should develop integrated strategies that consider environment and energy policies, economic development, investment type, and environmental risks. Lastly, policymakers should consider energy investments from China not only as a tool for their country's economic growth, but also in terms of energy security and sustainability.

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  AtıfScopus22·WoS22·OpenAlex23

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/10830
  The Role of Women's Entrepreneurship, Unemployment, Global Warming, and Technology in Sustainable Development: Evidence From OECD Countries

  Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Günlü, Ebru; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays

  This study examines the effects of women's entrepreneurship, global warming, technological advancements, and unemployment on the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) across 38 OECD countries. Using country-specific panel causality methods, the analysis reveals significant asymmetries between developed and developing economies. Women's entrepreneurship (FEM) and technology (TEC) demonstrate stronger positive effects in developing countries such as Mexico, Slovakia, and Costa Rica, supporting SDGs 5 and 9. Global warming (SUR) negatively affects both groups, with notable impacts in Belgium, Mexico, and the UK, emphasizing the urgency of SDG 13. Unemployment (UNM) poses greater threats to sustainable development in emerging economies-particularly in Turkey and Latin American nations-while its influence remains limited in advanced countries. These results underscore the heterogeneous nature of SDG progress and suggest that universal, one-size-fits-all policies may fall short. Instead, national strategies should strengthen gender-inclusive entrepreneurship and innovation, while mitigating climate risks and labor market vulnerabilities. This paper presents a novel, multidimensional econometric framework and offers original insights into how interlinked economic, social, and environmental factors influence sustainability outcomes across diverse national contexts.

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  AtıfScopus23·WoS18·OpenAlex21

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