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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/bayburt/16026
  Tip 2 Diyabetli Yetişkinlerin Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci: Kesitsel Çalışma

  Semerci, Vahide; Sönmez Sarı, Ebru; Akeren, Zahide; Kalyoncuo, Servet

  Amaç: Bu çalışma tip 2 diyabetli yetişkinlerin psikolojik insülin direncinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan çalışmaya tip 2 diyabetli 135 yetişkin dahil edildi. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeği ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Independent samples t test, One-Way ANOVA ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %65.2’si 18-64 yaş, %55.6’sı kadın, %49.6’sı ilkokul mezunu, çoğu hipertansiyon (%57.8) hastasıdır. Tip 2 diyabetli yetişkinlerin Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeği puan ortalaması 35.55 ± 13.08’dir. İstatistiksel modele dahil edilen değişkenlerden eğitim durumu, gelir durumu, destek olan kişinin olması, diyabet konusunda eğitim alma ve sağlık düzeyi algısı değişkenlerinin psikolojik insülin direncini etkilediği (p<0.05) ve varyansın %42.3’ünü açıkladığı saptandı (Adjusted R2= 0.423; F= 10.812; p<0.001). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak tip 2 diyabetli yetişkinlerin psikolojik insülin direnci orta düzeydedir. Tip 2 diyabetli yetişkinlerde; eğitim ve gelir düzeyinin yüksek olması, destekleyici bir kişinin varlığı, diyabetle ilgili eğitim almış olmak ve bireyin sağlık durumunu iyi algılaması, psikolojik insülin direnci üzerinde olumlu etki göstermektedir. Hemşireler, hastaların psikolojik insülin direncini azaltmak için eğitim düzeyi ve sosyoekonomik durumu dikkate alarak bireyselleştirilmiş ve sürekliliği olan diyabet eğitimleri planlamalıdır. Ayrıca, hastaların sosyal destek sistemlerini güçlendirmeli, destekleyici bireyleri sürece dahil etmeli ve sağlık algısını iyileştirmeye yönelik danışmanlık yaklaşımları benimsemelidir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/12662
  Development and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Regulated Nursing Care Scale (SRNCS) among Turkish nurses

  Akeren, Zahide; Akeren, İhsan; Isik, Hafsa Kubra

  Background: Self-regulation refers to individuals’ ability to control themselves, manage their behaviours and learn from their environment. Self-regulated learning skills may support nurses in providing effective care. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Self-Regulated Nursing Care Scale (SRNCS) for assessing nurses’ self-regulated nursing care skills based on Zimmerman’s Self-Regulated Learning Model (Z’SLM) and the relevant literature. Methods: The planning, implementation and evaluation components of nursing care were considered in relation to the forethought, performance and self-reflection phases of Z’SLM. Data were collected online between November 2022 and January 2023 from nurses working in state hospitals. Content validity was assessed through expert review. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed using data from 201 and 239 nurses, respectively. Criterion validity and reliability were also examined. Results: EFA yielded a 16-item, three-dimensional structure comprising planning, implementation, and evaluation and explaining 63.9% of the total variance. CFA supported this three-factor structure in an independent sample. Criterion validity was supported by correlations with the Counselling Skills in Nurses Scale. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 for the overall scale and 0.81, 0.87, and 0.93 for the planning, implementation, and evaluation dimensions, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.77. Conclusion: The findings support the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the SRNCS for assessing self-regulated care skills among nurses providing inpatient care. The scale may be used in research and clinical settings to assess planning, implementation and evaluation dimensions of self-regulated nursing care. Future studies may examine relationships between SRNCS scores and care-related outcomes.

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  AtıfOpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/12659
  Perceived burdensomeness and happiness in cohabiting older adults: The serial mediating roles of mental well-being and loneliness

  Akeren, Zahide; Akeren, Ihsan; Kalyoncuo, Servet

  Background Aging-related changes and increased dependence on family members may negatively affect older adults’ psychological well-being. Perceived burdensomeness refers to the belief that one is a burden on others and has been associated with lower happiness, reduced mental well-being, and greater loneliness. Among adults living with their families, mental well-being and loneliness may explain how perceived burdensomeness relates to happiness in later life. Purpose This study examined the associations between perceived burdensomeness and happiness among older adults living with their families and evaluated the serial mediating roles of mental well-being and loneliness. Methods This cross-sectional study included individuals aged ≥65 years residing with family members in a city in Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea region. Data were collected from 273 older adults; after preliminary screening, 7 cases were excluded, resulting in a final analytic sample of N = 266. Measures included the Geriatric Feelings of Burdensomeness Scale, WHO-5, the Happiness Scale, and the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly. Serial mediation was tested using a regression-based approach with bootstrap confidence intervals. Results Perceived burdensomeness was associated with lower mental well-being and higher loneliness. The total association between burdensomeness and happiness was negative (β=-0.467), and more than two-thirds of this association operated indirectly through mental well-being and loneliness. Conclusion and Implications Perceived burdensomeness was associated with lower happiness among older adults living with their families, primarily through reduced mental well-being and increased loneliness. In geriatric nursing and primary care, routinely assessing these psychosocial factors and implementing family-centered and social support-oriented interventions may help improve happiness.

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  AtıfScopus1·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11438
  The effect of hawthorn vinegar, black mulberry syrup, and green tea on oral mucositis and oral health-related quality of life in individuals with diabetes: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial

  Demiraǧ, Hatice; Akeren, Zahide

  Objective – This study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of hawthorn vinegar, black mulberry syrup, and green tea on oral mucositis and quality of life related to oral health in individuals with diabetes. Methods – Total of 120 participants were divided into four groups (hawthorn vinegar, black mulberry syrup, green tea, control; n = 30 each) and the study was completed. All participants completed the “Patient Information Form, ” “Oral Assessment Guide (OAG/ADR), ” and “Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Scale (OHQoL-UK)” before the study, on the 7th day, and after the study. In the experimental groups (hawthorn vinegar group, black mulberry syrup group, green tea group). In addition to routine oral mucositis treatment, patients with DM gargled for 1 min with diluted hawthorn vinegar [1 tablespoon (10 cc) mixed with 40 cc of water], pure black mulberry syrup, or green tea solution three times a day for 14 days, 15–20 min before meals. Results – Patients in the hawthorn vinegar group showed a decrease in oral mucositis and an increase in oral health-related quality of life at the interim measurement (day 7) and final test (day 14) measurements (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between the severity of oral mucositis and quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusion – Although there was no difference between hawthorn vinegar and black mulberry syrup, they were found to be more effective than green tea in reducing oral mucositis and improving oral health-related quality of life, and all three complementary treatments were found to be effective. Clinical Trial Registration – identifier [NCT06481254]. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000E5O000000043/recordSummary.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11162
  Social support mediates relationship between death anxiety and stress in chronic illness

  Akeren, Zahide; Kalyoncuo, Servet

  Background: Fear of death may become salient among individuals with chronic illness. This study examined the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between death anxiety and perceived stress in individuals with chronic illness. Methods: The study was conducted with 265 individuals diagnosed with chronic illness. The sample included participants with hypertension (20.7%), diabetes (19.6%), and cardiovascular diseases (16.2%), among conditions. Data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: A weak negative correlation was found between death anxiety and perceived social support (r = -0.156, p = 0.011), while a positive correlation was observed between death anxiety and perceived stress (r = 0.362, p < 0.001). The proportion of the total effect mediated by perceived social support was 32.7%. Death anxiety was associated with perceived stress (β = 0.347, p < 0.001). The of perceived social support as a mediator, the coefficient decreased (β = 0.234, p < 0.001), indicating partial mediation. Conclusion: Perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between death anxiety and perceived stress. Higher levels of death anxiety were associated with higher perceived stress, and this association was attenuated in the presence of perceived social support.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11146
  Self-regulation in blood glucose management among middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes in a rural and semi-rural setting: A qualitative study

  Akeren, İhsan; Akeren, Zahide

  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. Effective blood glucose management is essential for preventing complications and improving quality of life. Although self-regulation has been widely examined in diabetes management, little is known about how middle-aged and older adults living in rural and semi-rural settings apply self-regulation strategies in daily life. This qualitative study explored the blood glucose management experiences of individuals aged 50 years and older with T2DM using Zimmerman’s cyclical self-regulated learning model. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 16 hospitalized participants meeting the rural or semi-rural residence criterion. Data were analyzed using an inductive-deductive hybrid thematic approach and organized with MAXQDA 20. Three main themes and 13 subthemes were identified: preparation and awareness, barriers and management behaviors, and self-evaluation and internal awareness. During the forethought phase, participants described knowledge, motivation, awareness, and planning but also reported misconceptions about diet and blood glucose management. In the performance phase, behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and social barriers, comorbidities, and poor adherence to dietary recommendations were common. During self-reflection, participants recognized physical symptoms and emotional influences but rarely reported systematically evaluating outcomes or modifying subsequent management behaviors. The findings indicate that inadequate knowledge, emotional challenges, comorbidities, limited social support, and ineffective coping strategies may disrupt the cyclical self-regulation process. Educational interventions for middle-aged and older adults in rural and semi-rural settings should strengthen knowledge, support self-management behaviors, and promote evaluation of outcomes and adaptation of future actions.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/bayburt/16012
  Hemşirelik Tarihi ve Deontoloji Dersinin Öğrencilerin Etik Değerlerine Etkisi: Yarı Deneysel Çalışma

  Akeren, Zahide

  Çalışma, “Hemşirelik Tarihi ve Deontoloji” dersinin ö ğrenci- lerin etik değerlerine (sorumluluk, saygı duyma ve adil olma) etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yarı deneysel tasarımla ger- çekleştirilen çalışma grubunu, bu dersi alan 39 öğrenci (girişim grubu) ve dersi almayan 48 ö ğrenciden (kontrol grubu) olu şturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Sa ğlık Bilimlerinde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Etik Değerleri Ölçeği (SBOÖEDÖ)” kullanılmış ve 87 öğrenci dâhil edilmiştir. Girişim grubundaki öğrencilere, 13 hafta boyunca haftada 2 saat süren “Hem şirelik Tarihi ve Deontoloji” e ği- timi verilmiştir. Kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir müdahalede bulu- nulmamıştır. Eğitim sürecinin sonunda, her iki gruba tekrar SBOÖEDÖ uygulanarak veriler toplanm ıştır. Giri şim grubundaki ö ğrencilerin SBOÖEDÖ ön test toplam puanı (113,48±13,04) iken, son test toplam puanıdır (122,23±14,11). Ön test ve son test toplam puan ı arasındaki farkın istatistiksel anlamlı olduğu bulundu (p<0,05). Kontrol grubun- daki öğrencilerin SBOÖEDÖ ön test toplam puanı (117,56±11,21) iken, son test toplam puan ı (115,79±10,34)’dür. Ön test ve son test toplam puanları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Girişim ve kontrol grubunun ön testler SBOÖDÖ puan ortalamalar ı karşılaştırıldığında, anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken (p>0,05); son testte anlamlı farklılık bu- lunmuştur (p<0,05). “Hemşirelik Tarihi ve Deontoloji” dersi alan ö ğ- rencilerin SBOÖEDÖ puanlar ında artış saptandı. Girişim grubundaki öğrencilerin “sorumluluk bilinci” alt boyut puan ortalamaları açısından grup içi (t=-2,397; p=0,022) ve 2 grup arasında istatistiksel anlamlı artış saptandı (t=-3,425; p=0,001). Aynı zamanda bu gruptaki ö ğrencilerin “adil olma” alt boyut puan ortalamalarında grup içerisindeki artışın ista- tistiksel anlamlı olduğu saptanırken (t=-2,743, p=0,009) “saygı duyma” alt boyut puan ortalamalarında grup içerisindeki artışın istatistiksel an- lamlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). “Hemşirelik Tarihi ve Deonto- loji” dersinin öğrencilerin etik değerlerini olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/bayburt/15836
  Kronik Hastaların Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanım Tutumları ve Etkili Faktörler

  Semerci, Vahide; Akeren, Zahide; Kalyoncuo, Servet

  Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerin akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutumları ve etkili faktörleri belirlemektir. Araçlar ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte olan araştırma 228 kronik hastalığa sahip birey ile tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri ‘Hasta Tanıtım Formu’ ve ‘Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanımına Yönelik Bilgi-Tutum Ölçeği’ kullanılarak toplandı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %58.3’ünün hipertansiyon, %39’unun diyabet, %30.3’ünün kardiyovasküler hastalığının ve %23.7’sinin böbrek hastalığının olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca %52.6’sının antibiyotiği hastalıkla ilgili şikayetleri geçene kadar kullandığı ve %27.2’sinin hekime muayene olmadan antibiyotik kullandığı bulundu. Kronik hastaların Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanımına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği toplam puanı 60.27±13.26 (32-80) idi. Modele dahil edilen değişkenlerden erkek, okur yazar olmama, tavsiyeyle ilaç kullanma, kendi başına ve şikayeti bitene kadar antibiyotik kullanma, sağlık eğitimi almama durumları akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutumları olumsuz yönde etkiledi (p&lt;0.05) ve varyansın %65’ini açıkladı (R2=0.657, F=20.968, p&lt;0.001). Sonuç: Kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerin akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutumlarının ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu ve olumlu tutuma sahip oldukları belirlendi. Erkeklerin, antibiyotiği hastalıkla ilgili şikâyet bitene kadar kullananların ve sağlık eğitimi almayanların akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutumları daha düşüktür. Ayrıca ilkokul, ortaokul, lise, üniversite ve üzeri mezun olanların, komşuları, yakınları ve arkadaşlarının tavsiyesi ile ilaç kullanmayanların ve hekime muayene olmadan antibiyotik kullanmayanların akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutumları daha yüksektir.

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  AtıfOpenAlex1

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025/r/bayburt/14380
  Investigation of fatigue, mental well-being and tachycardia in short- and long-term metformin use

  Akeren, Zahide

  Purpose: The current study aimed compare short and long-term metformin users according to sociodemographic characteristics and to examine the relationships between fatigue, tachycardia and psychological well-being. Materials and Methods: In cross-sectional study were reached 92 patients, 46 short-term and 46 long-term metformin users. It was measured fatigue with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Treatment Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F), tachycardia with saturation device, well-being with the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Results: For the group using short-term metformin, the mean; year of metformin use was 1.82 +/- 0.77 and pulse rate was 82.48 +/- 8.80, FACIT-F score was 20.37 +/- 7.25, and WHO-5 score was 15.70 +/- 3.23. The group using long-term metformin mean year of metformin use was 5.93 +/- 2.68, pulse rate was 84.57 +/- 9.64, FACIT-F score was 25.33 +/- 5.65 and WHO-5 score was 12.63 +/- 3.70. Well-being negatively correlated with the year of diabetes, year of metformin use, pulse rate and fatigue. FACIT-F, metformin year and pulse rate explain a total of 41.9% of the variance in well-being. FACIT-F ((3=-.51, t=-5.82, p= .000) and the year of metformin use ((3=-.19, t=-2.12, p= .037) significantly decrease well-being, while pulse rate does not have a significant effect on well-being. Conclusions: Long-term use of metformin has been found cause fatigue and negative psychological well-being. Fatigue, year of metformin use and pulse rate number are important predictors of psychological well-being in Type II diabetes patients using metformin.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11523
  The Effect of Health Literacy Level of Caregivers of Individuals With Diabetes on Care Activities and Supportive Behaviours

  Semerci Çakmak, Vahide; Akeren, Zahide; Sönmez Sarı, Ebru; Kalyoncuo, Servet

  Background: To determine the effect of the health literacy levels of caregivers of individuals with T2DM on caregiving activities and supportive behaviours. Methods: Cross sectional study. The sample for the study comprised of people who provided care for 442 individuals who were diagnosed with diabetes. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, HLS-14 and D-CASS. Descriptive statistics, Independent samples t test, One-Way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: According to the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, the model was found to be statistically significant, and the variables that were incorporated into the model were able to explain 68.1% of the variance. Among the variables included in the model, HLS-14, educational status, employment status, income status and diabetes-related education were found to affect the care activities and supportive behaviours of caregivers of individuals with diabetes. Conclusion: In the research, it was determined that care activities and supportive behaviours were higher in those with higher levels of HL, higher levels of education, those who were not employed, those with higher income levels, and those who received education about diabetes. Nurses should develop training programmes to increase the HL levels of caregivers.

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