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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11303
  Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polyphenols From Tea Parts: A Green Assessment

  Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Gıdık, Betül; Abca, Tuğba Elbir; Yurtvermez, Bayram; Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián; Kutlu, Naciye; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin

  Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as green alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plants. This study evaluated nine choline chloride–based DESs for recovering antioxidant polyphenols from four parts of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis): seed, bud, leaf, and flower. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and individual polyphenolic profiles were determined, and the greenness of the sample preparation was assessed using AGREEprep. The highest total phenolic content (53.28 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (141.17 mg TE/g) were obtained from leaves using ChCl:formic acid, outperforming ethanol and methanol. Leaves also exhibited the highest total quantified polyphenolic content (up to 95,813 mg/kg DW, corresponding to the sum of the quantified polyphenols), with epicatechin gallate and gallocatechin + epigallocatechin being the major contributors. Flowers and buds showed notable polyphenolic diversity, while seeds contained the lowest levels. Statistical analysis confirmed clear clustering patterns according to plant part and solvent type. AGREEprep evaluation yielded scores up to 0.54, highlighting the environmental benefits of DES-based extraction. We demonstrated that tea leaves were the richest source of bioactive polyphenols, and selected DESs, particularly formic acid–based and ethylene glycol–based, exhibited superior efficiency and sustainability compared to conventional solvents. These findings support the wider adoption of DESs for green, high-yield extraction of pharmacologically important compounds from tea and other medicinal plants.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/bayburt/16227
  Farklı Ekolojik Koşullarda Yetiştirilen Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric Ex Loisel.) Bitkisinin Antioksidan Aktivitesi ve Uçucu Yağ Bileşenlerinin Mikrodalga hidrodistilasyon ile Belirlenmesi

  Gıdık, Betül; Sağlam, Nilay Özlem

  Tıbbi aromatik bitkiler her geçen gün önemi ve kullanım alanları artan değerli bir bitki grubu halini almaktadır. Özellikle uçucu yağlar yakın zamanlarda sıkça günlük hayatımızda kullanılmaktadır. Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) çiçek kısımlarında uçucu yağ elde edilen ve parfümeri sanayii başta olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılan ekonomik değeri olan bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı ekolojik koşullarda yetiştirilen Lavandin bitkisinin antioksidan aktivitesi ve uçucu yağ bileşenlerini belirleyerek ekolojik farklılıkların bu değişkenler üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla farklı lokasyonlarda yetiştirilen lavandin örneklerinin mikrodalga hidrodistilasyon yöntemi ile elde edilen uçucu yağ oranlarının %0,5-%4,4 değerleri arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Majör uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin linalool (%13,66-%26,40) ve linalilyl asetat (%10,88-%29,89) olduğu görülmüştür. Lavandin örneklerine ait TP (Toplam fenolik madde) 2,13-4,74 mg GAE/g numune değerleri arasında, TF (Toplam flavonoid madde) 0,43-0,66 mg QE/g numune değerleri arasında, FRAP (Demir (III) indirgeme) 27,62-79,50 µmol Fe2SO4.7H2O/g numune değerleri arasında ve DPPH (radikal temizleme aktivitesi) ise 0,54-1,84 SC50 mg/mL değerleri arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ekolojik koşulların lavandin bitkisi için antioksidan aktivitesi ve uçucu yağ oranında etkili olduğunu ve çalışmada kullanılan bitki materyallerinin parfümeri sanayiinde kullanıma uygun olduğu fikrini desteklemektedir.

  AtıfOpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11374
  Optimization of Phenolic Compound Extraction from Bee Products via Solvent Systems and PCA Integration

  Birinci, Ceren; Kara, Yakup; Gıdık, Betül; Kolaylı, Sevgi; Can, Zehra

  To achieve a highly selective and sensitive analysis of phenolic compounds in bee products (honey, bee bread, and propolis), a simultaneous quantification of 25 phenolic compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. In the study, various solvents were utilized to enhance the phenolic profile of bee products, including pH 2 and 7 ultra-pure water, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. These included non-liquid–liquid extraction, pH 2 with 10 mL of pure water and 20 mL of diethyl ether; pH 2 with 10 mL of pure water and 20 mL of ethyl acetate; pH 2 with 10 mL of pure water, 10 mL of diethyl ether, and 10 mL of ethyl acetate; and pH 7 with 10 mL of pure water, 10 mL of diethyl ether, and 10 mL of ethyl acetate. Additionally, the integration of phenolic compounds identified through the enrichment method was pursued using principal component analysis (PCA). The extraction yields and recovery rates of phenolic compounds can be significantly improved by combining and integrating different extraction techniques. Our results demonstrated that using different solvent combinations significantly improved both the yield and diversity of phenolic compounds extracted from the complex matrices of bee products.

  AtıfScopus2·WoS2·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/13148
  Antioxidant Activities of Different Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Market Types by Spectrophotometric Techniques Combined with Chemometrics

  Gıdık, Betül; Can, Zehra; Önemli, Fadul

  Peanut is rich in oil and protein and has a large content of bioactive constituents consisting of tocopherols, phytosterols, and so on. Generally, Virginia, Spanish, Valencia and Runner market types are grown of peanut. In this study, it is aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of peanuts from four different market types, for the first time, and group them with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). For PCA, PC1 and PC2 explained 87.655 % of the total variation and, according to the HCA of peanut samples, two main groups were determined. The total phenolic content changed 1.556 to 2.899 mg GAE/g. The lowest value have seen at Spanish merket type to determine the antioxidant activities of peanut samples were maked FRAP and DPPH assay, the lowest FRAP value (8.136 μmol FeSO47H2O/g sample) was seen at Valencia market type, the highest (14.004 μmol FeSO47H2O/g sample) was seen at Virginia market type. It was determined that the total flavonoid, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of the Virginia, Valencia, Spanish, and Runner market types included in the study were different from each other, and the Virginia market type showed superior characteristics compared to the others. The results obtained suggest that Virginia market type may be preferred more especially in peanut cultivation for food uses. It is thought that this study can be a source for future studies by eliminating a deficiency in the literature.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS2·OpenAlex2

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/13081
  A comparative anatomical study on leaf and scape of Androsace taxa (Primulaceae): contribution to Androsace taxonomy

  Ulcay, Sibel; Sefali, Abdurahman; Yapar, Yakup; Demir, İbrahim; Gıdık, Betül

  In the present study, the leaf and scape anatomical features of ten Androsace taxa distributed in Türkiye were defined to contribute to plant identification. Hand sections from both the scape and leaf examined 43 anatomical characters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed for the first time for Androsace. The results show that there are differences as well as similarities between Androsace species. It is noteworthy that Androsace artvinensis forms a separate main group with HCA. In addition, the fact that two of the five basic components are represented by a single variable according to the PCA results suggests that the anatomical characters examined are determinative for Androsace taxa.). In PCA, eigenvalues of PC1 (2.435), PC2 (1.749), PC3 (1.369), PC4 (1.223), and PC5 (1.006) were greater than 1.0. Cortex width, aerenchyma, arrangement of vascular bundles, and four-branched non-glandular hairs are among the important anatomical characteristics of the scape. Leaf cross-sectional shape, epidermis dimensions, glandular hair types, presence of five branched non-glandular hairs, stoma sizes, presence of crystals in the mesophyll, and types are among the qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics that attract attention in the leaf. This study examined almost all taxa of the genus Androsace distributed in Türkiye. The results will be important in finding new species among the examined taxa and revealing the anatomical features of the taxa for the first time. They will contribute to other studies on the genus.

  AtıfScopus1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/12973
  Determination of anti-cancer effects of Nigella sativa seed oil on MCF7 breast and AGS gastric cancer cells

  Çınar, İrfan; Gıdık, Betül; Dirican, Ebubekir

  Background: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, apoptotic, invasion, metastasis, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) effects of N. sativa oil on breast and gastric cancer cells. Methods: We assessed the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of various concentrations of N. sativa oil (10-50-100-200 µg/mL) on MCF7 breast cancer and AGS, an adenocarcinoma of the gastric cell line, at 24, 48 and 72 h using the MTT test. Additionally, the expression of the Caspase-3, BCL2/Bax, MMP2-9 and HSP60-70 gene was examined using RT-PCR in cell lines treating with N. sativa. Results: The MTT experiments demonstrate that N. sativa has a time and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MCF7 and AGS cancer cells. The vitality rates of MCF7 and AGS cells treated with N. sativa were 77.04–67.50% at 24 h, 65.28–39.14% at 48 h, and 48.95–32.31% at 72 h. The doses of 100 and 200 µg/mL were shown to be the most effective on both cancer cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that N. sativa oil extract increased caspase-3 levels in both cell lines at higher concentrations and suppressed BCL2/Bax levels. Exposure of MCF7 and AGS cell lines to N. sativa caused a significant decrease in the expression of MMP2-9 and HSP60-70 genes over time, particularly at a dosage of 200 µg/mL compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that N. sativa oil has a dose-dependent effect on cytotoxicity and the expression of apoptotic, heat shock proteins, and matrix metalloproteinases genes in breast and gastric cancer.

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  AtıfScopus11·WoS6·OpenAlex12

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/12955
  THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF LIQUID VERMICOMPOST APPLICATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SOME POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) VARIETIES

  Gul, Volkan; Gidik, Betul

  This is one of the early studies to produce healthy, yielding, and high-quality tubers from the potatoes grown in Bayburt, an organic agriculture basin, using liquid vermicompost that can supplement organic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of liquid vermicompost applications (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 L ha-1), which can supplement the stable manure used as bottom fertilizer, on yield and yield components of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties (Agria and Lady Olympia). The research was designed in random blocks with three replications. As a result of the study, it was found that the tuber yield was within the range of 20.24-30.40 tons’ ha-1, the protein ratio was within the range of 1.53-2.51%, and the starch ratio was within the range of 11.98%-15.99%. The liquid vermicompost doses applied to the potato varieties created significant differences in all three parameters. Due to the positive effect of the Agria (3.40 tons/da) variety on the yield and vegetative development of potatoes, It was concluded that 9 L liquid vermicompost application per decare would be beneficial.

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  AtıfScopus1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11898
  Evaluation of lavender essential oils and by-products using microwave hydrodistillation and conventional hydrodistillation

  Kırkıncı, Seran; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Yıldırım, Nazlıcan; Gıdık, Betül; Bayram, Nesrin Ecem

  This study investigated the impact of two extraction methods, traditional hydrodistillation (TDH) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAH), on the essential oil yield and chemical profile of Lavandula angustifolia L., as well as the bioactive potential of the resulting wastewater. Essential oil composition was analyzed via GC–MS, revealing similar qualitative and quantitative profiles for both methods, with α-terpinolene and (–)borneol as major constituents. Wastewater analysis via LC–MS/MS and spectrophotometric assays demonstrated the presence of significant total phenolic content (3.29–1.78 mg GAE/g) and 32 individual phenolics (463.1 µg/kg for TDH; 479.33 µg/kg for MAH). These findings suggest that both essential oil and wastewater obtained by either method possess considerable bioactive potential, with the MAH method potentially offering advantages over TDH for essential oil extraction. Further exploration of wastewater applications in various industrial sectors is warranted.

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  AtıfScopus25·WoS22·OpenAlex22

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11581
  Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of bee breads from different regions of Türkiye by chemometric analysis (PCA and HCA)

  Can, Zehra; Gıdık, Betül; Kara, Yakup; Kolaylı, Sevgi

  The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of bee bread samples obtained from various regions in Türkiye The goal was to characterize and classify 15 of bee bread samples based on their geographical origins. This investigation employed chemometric techniques, specifically principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA), for the inaugural comprehensive analysis of all data encompassing antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in bee bread. The primary objective was to unveil potential clustering patterns among of bee bread samples based on their geographical origins. According to the results, the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of bee bread samples ranged from 4.393 to 14.917 mg GAE/g dw, while the Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) exhibited variation within the range of 0.681 to 3.504 mg QE/g dw. p-OH benzoic and p-coumaric acids were detected in all samples. Other phenolic compounds were identified in different proportions among the bee bread samples. This study demonstrated the successful application of the PCA chemometric method to assess the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of bee bread samples from various regions of Türkiye. The results revealed effective clustering of the bee bread samples based on their geographical origins. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)

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  AtıfScopus12·WoS14·OpenAlex16

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3/r/bayburt/14264
  Yield, yield components and fatty acid composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. local breeds under organic cultivation conditions

  Göktas, Ozlem; Gidik, Betul

  The importance of medicinal and aromatic plants in people's lives is growing due to their various uses and diverse cultivation conditions. This study aimed to determine the yield and yield components and quality features (oil ratio and fatty acid composition according to GC-MS) of six different tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) local breeds grown organically in Bayburt province, Turkey. For this purpose, the data obtained by growing the plants in the experimental area during the two crop years, 2018 and 2019, were evaluated. As for the yield values, the highest values for green herb yield (275.41 kg ha-1), drug herb yield (99.89 kg ha-1), drug-herb percentage (44.00%), green leaf yield (208.97 kg ha-1), green leaf percentage (75.09%) and drog leaf yield (72.48 kg ha-1) were found in the local breed from Bayburt Central location. It was found that the oil percentages, evaluated to determine the quality traits, ranged from 5.39% to 7.02%. The most important fatty acid was alpha-linolenic acid (9.49%-23.1%), followed by linoleic acid (4.18%-13.89%) and palmitic acid (4.05-13.89%). As far as we know, this is the first study investigating tarragon's total oil content and fatty acid composition. The results show that the total oil content of this plant, which has remarkable pharmacological effects, is present in useful quantities compared to the leafy green and does not contain fatty acids that prevent its consumption as food. Therefore, this plant is expected to be used directly in various food products.

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  AtıfOpenAlex1

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