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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale
Karaman Özlü, Zeynep; Günaydinli, Azime; Kaya, Merve; Uçan, İzzet; Taşgin, Adnan; Özlü, İbrahim; Küçükoğlu, Adnan; Saraçoğlu, Ayhan
Objective: With the widespread adoption of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and advances in internet technology, the need for a validated tool to assess student satisfaction has become increasingly important. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the e-Learning Satisfaction Scale (e-LSS). Methods: This cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted with 537 students enrolled in health sciences programs at Erzurum Atatürk University between November 2022 and February 2023. In this study, a non-probability sampling method was used by selecting units that met specific criteria. Content validity was evaluated by expert review of the scale items. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability and stability of the scale were tested using the equivalent (parallel) forms method. Results: EFA results showed a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.94 and a significant Bartlett’s test result (χ² = 126.773, p<.001), indicating sample adequacy. Factor loadings ranged from .825 to .354 for the “Content” subscale, .859 to .571 for “Interface,” and .802 to .654 for “Communication.” CFA demonstrated acceptable model fit indices: χ²/df = 4.332, TLI = .915, RMSEA = .079, SRMR = .0481, AGFI = .857, GFI = .896, IFI = .931, and CFI = .930. The final scale consisted of 17 items across 3 subscales. Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.86, 0.86, and 0.83 for the subscales, and 0.93 for the overall scale. Conclusion: The scale was found to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring e-learning.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024Scopus SJRQ4The Turkish Validity and Reliability of Clinical Reasoning Scale for Nursing Students: A Methodological Study
Bal, Betul; Kaba, Nagihan Koroglu; Öztürk, Havva
Objective: The aim of the study was to adapt the Clinical Reasoning Scale into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability in nursing students. Methods: The study, which is methodological research, was conducted with 271 nursing students at a university in the Central Anatolia Region. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form and the 'Clinical Reasoning Scale' in its draft form. After the language and content validity of the scale, its construct validity was ensured by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach Alpha, item -total correlations, divergent and test -retest methods were used for the reliability of the scale. Results: The fit indices of the Clinical Reasoning Scale for its 4 sub -dimensions, namely awareness of clinical clues, verification of clinical problems, identification and implementation of actions, evaluation and reflection, and a total of 16 items, are above 0.90, and according to these results, the structure of the scale is accepted as valid. The average explained variance of the subdimensions is between 0.476-0.579, and the composite reliability is between 0.778-0.854. The total Cronbach Alpha of the scale is 0.92. There is a significant difference between the top 27% and the bottom 27% groups of the scale and the test -retest correlation coefficient is 0.902. Conclusion: It has been determined that the Clinical Reasoning Scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to determine the level of clinical reasoning in nursing students with 16 items and 4 sub-dimensions.
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