Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3Socio-economic determinants of environmental degradation: Empirical evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Gültekin, Ömer Faruk; Sayar, Ramazan; Ari, Yllmaz Onur
The aim of the paper is to examine socio-economic determinants of environmental degradation. The empirical study employs quantile regression which enables separate predictions for different levels of the dependent variable to be made. This study investigated 62 countries from low, middle and some high income countries for 1995-2019. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is verified for the aforemented countries in analyzing the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions using quantile regression. The study also revealed that the schooling rate has a pollution-increasing effect. In addition to the reducing effects of trade openness, democracy, and economic freedom variables on environmental degradation, the opposite effect of life expectancy at birth is observed, increasing environmental degradation. In this context, this paper concluded that the EKC hypothesis is not supported. The government should encourage pollution-reducing policies in low and middle income countries.
AtıfScopus4WoS3OpenAlex5
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022The Effects of Urbanization, Life Expectation at Birth and Commercialization on Income Inequality: A Research on the Community of the Independent States and Some Baltic Countries
Gültekin, Omer Faruk
One of the important results of economic development is the development of trade and the increase in welfare. A reflection of the increase in welfare is the prolongation of human life and the increase in urbanization. Through these indicators, societies are expected to develop economically and socially. In this study, as a reflection of welfare, the effect of commercialization, average life expectancy and urbanization on income inequality in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and some Baltic countries that gained independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union after 1991 were investigated. In the study, trade openness and the share of countries in world trade representing commercialization, urbanization representing the increase in welfare, and disposable Gini coefficient and market Gini coefficient representing income inequality examined. For the estimations, four models were created and different results were obtained for each model. In the analysis process, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, multicollinearity, cross-section dependence, heteroscadasticity, autocorrelation tests were applied. Depending on the test results, the Driscoll-Kraay test was applied and the results were estimated. According to the results, it can be said that while commercialization has a positive effect on income inequality, urbanization has a negative effect on income inequality.
- MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ2Optimized Machine Learning Algorithms for Investigating the Relationship Between Economic Development and Human Capital
Ozden, Erdemalp; Guleryuz, Didem
In Economic Development, human capital was previously seen as production factors but gradually evolved into endogenous growth theories. Most of the previous studies have examined the relationships between economic development and human capital via econometric models. Since this relationship is usually nonlinear and machine learning (ML) models can resolve it better, this study investigates the relationships by employing ML methods to provide a new perspective. For this purpose, the optimized ML methods, namely Bayesian Tuned Support Vector Machine and Bayesian Tuned Gaussian Process Regression (BT-GPR), were performed to develop the prediction model for economic development. The hyperparameters have been optimized with the Bayes method by using different kernel functions to increase SVM and GPR methods' predictive performance. The Multiple Linear Regression model has been employed to make a comparison as an econometric model. The performance of the models is evaluated using three statistical metrics, namely, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The BT-GPR with the exponential kernel model has superior prediction ability with the highest accuracy (R2: 0.9727, RMSE: 0.4022, MAE: 0.3728 in the testing phase). The study shows that the BT-GPR model increases the accuracy of R2 6.4%, RMSE 10.7%, and MAE 1% compared with other developed models.
AtıfScopus27WoS18OpenAlex30İncele - Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2021Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kalkınma planlarında rehberlik hizmetleri (1963-2023)
Songül Gürbüz
Bu araştırmada, "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 1960'lı yılların hemen başında geçtiği Planlı Kalkınma Döneminden Cumhuriyet'in 100. yılına kadar geçen süreçte Türk Milli Eğitim Sistemi'nin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan Rehberlik Hizmetlerinin amaç boyutuna ilişkin kalkınma planlarında alınan kararlar nelerdir?" sorusuna cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Rehberlik Hizmetlerinin amaç boyutunu belirlemek için 1963 yılından başlayıp 2023 yılını da kapsayacak şekilde hazırlanan toplam on bir kalkınma planı analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, bir tarama modelidir ve nitel araştırma özelliği göstermektedir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, doküman incelemesi tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, veri kaynağı olarak beş yıllık kalkınma planları dokümanlarından yararlanılmıştır ve verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 1963 yılından başlayıp 2023 yılını da kapsayacak şekilde hazırlanan toplam on bir kalkınma planı üzerinde yapılan analizler sonucunda, kalkınma planlarında Rehberlik Hizmetlerinin amaç boyutuna ilişkin ifadeler; "Eğitim", "Ekonomi ve Toplumsal Kalkınma" ve "Sosyal Hizmetler" olmak üzere 3 kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Bu üç kategoriyle ilgili ifadeler sırasıyla en çok "Eğitim" kategorisinde (20), "Ekonomi ve Toplumsal Kalkınma" kategorisinde (19) ve "Sosyal Hizmetler" kategorisinde (19) yer aldığı görülmüştür. Bu durum, her 3 kategorinin de kalkınma planlarında neredeyse eşit derecede vurgulandığını göstermiştir. Araştırma sonunda ulaşılan sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
