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- MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ2Evaluation of γ-rays and neutron shielding parameters of high dense bismo-boro-tellurite glasses: Comparative study
Şakar, E.; Özpolat, Ö.F.; Alım, B.; Alsaif, Norah A.M.; Rammah, Y.S.
The main high energy radiation-matter interaction parameters of the 30B2O3-(70-x)TeO2-xBi2O3, where x = 40, 50, 60 and 70 mol% (BTB) glasses have been studied in the wide energy range. The theoretical calculations were made for some special X and γ-ray energies emitted from Fe (55), Am (241), Cs (137) and Co (60) radioactive sources for photon energies in the range of 15 keV - 15 MeV. All evaluated radiation shielding parameters were compared with some selected concretes (Ordinary concrete (OC), Hematite-Serpenite (HS) and Basalt-Magnetide (BM)), and glasses (Te and Pb based). The BTB- glasses have higher mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values than other glasses (Te and Pb based) and concretes (OC, HS, and BM). The half value layer (HVL) of the investigated BTB-glasses has the following trend: OC > HS > BM > Te-Glass > Pb-glass > BTB40 > BTB50 > BTB60 > BTB70. In terms of mean free path (MFP), the BTB70 coded glass has the lowest MFP values due to the highest Bi2O3 content. In terms of the Zeff values of BTB coded glasses vary between 70 and 75 at the lowest energy level. The effective atomic number (Zeff) values in this energy region were 48.974 and 63.102 for Te and Pb glasses, respectively, and 13,339, 15.520 and 15.894 for OC, HS and BM concretes. The BTB-coded glasses have lower exposure buildup factor (EBF) than all other glass and concrete up to 3 MeV photon energies. The energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) values range from 1 to 4.2 for all samples at 1 MFP and at 40 MFP values, it reaches 108 for BTB coded glasses and 1010 for Te-based glass. Results confirmed that BTB- glasses, especially BTB70 glass sample can be used in applications requiring radiation safety.
AtıfScopus17WoS16OpenAlex17
İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2Evaluation of photon interaction parameters of Anti-HIV drugs
Akbaba, Uğur; Şakar, Erdem; Abu Al-Sayyed, Mohammed Ibrahim; Alim, Bünyamin; Özpolat, Özgür Fırat
Medical treatment inevitably exposes individuals to radiation, including those taking drugs used to treat and prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Motivated by this, we investigated the radiation interaction properties of several HIV drugs to determine the interaction parameters, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), atomic cross section (ACS), electronic cross section (ECS), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff). We calculated the values using the Phy-X/PSD software in the range of 0.015–15 MeV. Additionally, we calculated the exposure build-up factor (EBF), and energy absorption build-up factor (EABF) values of the drugs up to 40 mean free path (MFP) using the geometric progression (G-P) method. From our findings, we determined that Combivir, with its relatively high heavy element content, had the highest radiation attenuation capacity, whereas the probability of Lopinavir interacting with photons was the lowest compared with the other drugs. The results of the EBF and EABF parameters, including the scattering effects, ordered the drugs opposite to the primary interaction parameters such as MAC, ACS, ECS, and Zeff. These findings can guide the treatment process of HIV-positive patients and inform HIV prevention practices conducted alongside radiotherapy, as the interaction between radiation and a drug may cause deterioration in the drug's structure.
AtıfScopus9WoS8OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ2A surveying of photon and particle radiation interaction characteristics of some perovskite materials
Şakar, Erdem; Alim, Bünyamin; Fırat Özpolat, Özgür; Ceviz Şakar, Betül; Baltakesmez, Ali; Akbaba, Uğur
In this study, we aimed to determinate of the photon and particle radiation interaction parameters of six different perovskites to help use perovskite materials in radiation applications. The parameters that are aimed to be investigated are MAC, HVL, MFP, Zeff, Neff, Ceff and EBF for photons, range values for charged particles, and FNRCS values for neutrons. The photon-interaction parameters the FNRCS values of the perovskites were calculated using Phy-X/PSD software in the energy range of 1 keV–100 GeV for photons and at 4.5 MeV energy for neutrons, respectively. Moreover, the range values of the perovskites were calculated using SRIM Monte Carlo software (for H+ and He++ particles) and ESTAR NIST software (for electrons) in the energy range from 0.01 MeV to 20 MeV. In order to make a notable assessment about the radiation interaction possibilities of the perovskites, the results obtained were compared with some standard shielding materials. According to the results obtained for all radiation types examined, it was determined that all calculated parameters were strongly dependent on both the type and energy of the radiation and the type of material. Additionally, it was observed that the order of preference of the examined materials as armor material in radiation applications varies according to the radiation type and energy. Consequently, it was determined that while the most suitable material in terms of photon shielding is P6 (Cs2SnI6) inorganic perovskite among the perovskites examined, this sample is not suitable material for neutron shielding applications.
AtıfScopus27WoS25OpenAlex26İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2A comprehensive study on radiation shielding characteristics of Tin-Silver, Manganin-R, Hastelloy-B, Hastelloy-X and Dilver-P alloys
Alım, Bünyamin
In this study, it is aimed to investigate alloys that can replace lead and its derivatives in terms of radiation shielding. A new alternative shielding material must have optimum properties that should be present in a protective material. For this purpose, this study focused on the determination of the radiation-shielding characteristics of five different alloys named Tin-Silver, Manganin-R, Hastelloy-B, Hastelloy-X and Dilver-P. The photon interaction parameters (µ, µm, λ, X1/2, σT, σe, Zeff, Neff, σeff and RPE) that give significant information about the radiation shielding capacities of the materials were calculated for the alloys in the energy range from 30 to 1333 keV. The narrow-beam transmission geometry was used to determine these parameters accurately and was adjusted such that the error rate is minimized. The present samples were irradiated with photons of nineteen different photon energies emitted from seven different radionuclides (241Am, 133Ba, 109Cd, 152Eu, 22Na, 137Cs and 60Co). Photon intensities were measured by using two different detectors (Si(Li) and NaI(Tl)) for convenient photon energy regions. Then, these parameters were also calculated theoretically using Phy-X/PSD software in order to compare the experimental and theoretical results. Furthermore, the Rinc/total, Zeq, G-P fitting coefficients (a, b, c, d and XK) and exposure build-up factors (β) for the alloys were calculated using Phy-X/PSD software at photon energy range from 0.015 to 15 MeV. In order to make a significant comparison about the shielding capacities of investigated alloys, the µm values obtained for the alloys were compared with corresponding values of Pb metal, RS 253 glass and Cupero-Nickel alloy. Consequently, the descending order of MAC values in the all surveyed energy region was obtained as Tin-Silver > Manganin-R > Hastelloy-B > Hastelloy-X > Dilver-P. In the low energy region, it was found that the all present alloys have better shielding performances than RS 253 glass and Cupero-Nickel alloy. The experimental results also revealed that the Tin-Silver alloy has 25% better shielding performance than Pb metal in the energy range of 30–88 keV. Finally, it was concluded that Manganin-R alloy could be considered as the most ideal shielding material in the entire photon energies studied along with its other superior features (high density (10.22 g cm−3), high melting point (2500–2600 °C), high tensile strength (560–1150 MPa), high modulus of elasticity (320 GPa) and high specific heat (305 J K−1 kg−1) although the Tin-Silver alloy had the highest µm values among the examined alloys.
AtıfScopus57WoS49OpenAlex58İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Evaluation the gamma, charged particle and fast neutron shielding performances of some important AISI-coded stainless steels: Part II
Alım, Bünyamin; Şakar, Erdem; Han, İbrahim; Sayyed, M.I.
This is the second part of a two-part study on the investigation of radiation shielding performances of some important AISI-coded stainless steels (AISI-302, 304, 321 and 430). Part 1 addressed experimental evaluation by means of measured photon-material interaction parameters. In this second part, we focused on the calculation and discussion of other interaction parameters, which are a guide to choice optimum shielding materials in the nuclear processes for the present AISI-coded stainless steels. The present stainless steels have superior mechanical properties, high temperature and corrosion resistances and these properties can make them favorite materials for nuclear applications. For this reason, firstly, the incoherent scattering/total attenuation ratio (Rinc/total) and equivalent atomic number (Zeq) were calculated in the energy region of 0.015–15 MeV. Secondly, the exposure build-up factor (EBF) and energy absorption build-up factor (EABF) were determined to select steels by using Geometric Progression (G-P) fitting method, which have five parameters (a, b, c, d and XK coefficients), up to penetration depth of 40 MFP at energy 0.015–15 MeV. Thirdly, the mass stopping powers (MSPs; dE/ρdx; MeVcm2/g) and ranges (Re, Rp and Rα; μm) for electron, proton and alpha particle interactions were calculated at energy 10 keV-20 MeV. Finally, the fast neutron removal cross-sections (FNRCSs; ∑R; cm−1) were calculated. To be able to make comparison and a satisfying assessment about radiation shielding capabilities of present AISI-coded steels, all parameters were also computed for ordinary (OC), steel-scrap (SS) and steel-magnetite (SM) concretes (Fe-based steel concretes) that are most commonly used as a shielding material in many nuclear applications. The shielding capabilities of the present stainless steels against both gamma and the fast neutron and charged particle radiation were evaluated in the light of the calculated parameters. As a result of the mutual evaluation of the results obtained for the shielding concretes and the examined stainless steels, it was found that present stainless steels had excellent shielding properties compared to shielding concretes in terms of both photon radiation and particle radiation.
AtıfScopus38WoS35İncele