Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of calcium carbonate in the rotary-vibration mill with a fuzzy-based taguchi experimental method
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin
Ultra-fine calcium carbonate (UCC) is used as a filler material in polymers, and after a surface modification (coating) process, its surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. However, conventional coating techniques such as raymond and pin mills are widely used in the industry; there is still a need for new, inexpensive, and practical methods. Mechanochemical technologies are considered one of the most effective alternatives. The rotary-vibration mill (RVM) works mechanically and is characterized by low investment and operating costs. There are three main contributions in this paper. First, a fuzzy-based Taguchi experimental design is proposed to analyze a fuzzy response under uncertainty. Second, the surface modification of UCC with stearic acid was carried out using RMV, with five modification parameters and an active ratio fuzzy response. Moreover, the results indicate that RVMs are an alternative mechanochemical surface modification technology for preparing coated calcium carbonate (CCC). Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), contact angle, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Analysis), TGA-DTA (Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Thermal Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses were conducted for the coated calcium carbonate (CCC) acquired from the optimum conditions of the modification study.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of fly ash with high calcium oxide (CaO) content to use as a filling material
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay
Fly ash (FA) is the fine-grained waste product obtained by burning coal after being ground to specific sizes in thermal power plants, carried with flue gases, and kept in cyclones or electro-filters. Like every industrial waste, the possibilities of utilizing FA have been investigated, and it can be utilized as an additive in cement and concrete. Despite this, industrial waste, which increases daily in the world, brings many problems, especially environmental problems. For this reason, alternative usage areas of the waste in question are constantly being investigated. In this paper, FA containing approximately 50 % CaO from Afşin-Elbistan, Turkiye was processed with stearic acid in a planetary mill to be used as a filling material in industrial products, and it has a grain size of 68.10 μm on a d50 basis, a specific surface area (SSA) of 176.40 m2/g and a contact angle of 13.89. An optimization and characterization study was conducted to make the hydrophilic surface structure hydrophobic by mechanochemical surface modification. Also, surface modification parameters, such as operational speed (rpm), ball filling ratio (%), FA filling ratio (%), pulp density, stearic acid dosage (% of FA), and modification time (min.) were optimized with the D-optimal experimental design. Based on the optimum surface modification parameters, a coated fly ash (CFA) product was obtained with an active ratio of 99.70 %, a contact angle of 95.06o, a medium size (d50) size of 10.60 μm, and an SSA of 926.90 m2/g.
AtıfScopus8WoS8OpenAlex9
İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Wet mechanochemical surface modification of calcite employing an integration of conventional design and analytical hierarchy process
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın
The demand for ultra-fine mineral powders from various industries requires the applications of wet grinding and surface modification. In this study, wet mechanochemical surface modification of micronized calcite (d50 = 4.92 μm) with stearic acid [CH3(CH2)16COOH] was carried out in a planetary ball mill. The seven parameters were specified: ball filling ratio (%), ball size distribution ratio (10 and 15 mm, %), micronized calcite filling ratio (%), pulp solid ratio (wt%), mill speed (rpm), stearic acid dosage (% of micronized calcite) and modification time (min). Then, these parameters were optimized using a conventional experimental design when maximizing the active ratio (%) as a significant value for coated calcite. Besides, the analytical hierarchy process was applied to observe the importance of each parameter. Stearic acid dosage, mill speed, and micronized calcite filling ratio are the top three parameters affecting the active ratio. Next, size distribution, XRF, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA-DTA, contact angle, and whiteness measurements were performed on the micronized calcite (MC) and coated micronized calcite (CMC) samples. The final CMC product had a 99.90% active ratio, 2.49 μm mean (d50) particle size, and 101.66o contact angle. Finally, CMC obtained by the surface modification can be used as a filler mineral.
AtıfScopus6WoS4OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of mechanochemical surface modification parameters on planetary mill using an I-optimal experimental design
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin
Several micro-particle-size additives and filler minerals are added to many industrial products, especially plastic, in order to reduce cost and improve mechanical properties and appearance. Also, grinding and surface modification are two fundamental properties of the filler minerals used in plastic products. Notably, Bayburt stone (BS) used as a natural raw material from Bayburt, Türkiye contains 76% SiO2 and 15% Al2O3. In this paper, the hydrophilic surface structure of micronized Bayburt stone (MBS) was made hydrophobe by mechanochemical surface modification using calcium stearate [Ca(C17H35COO)2] in a laboratory-type planetary mill. Next, the optimum conditions of the surface modification design factors, which are (1) ball filling ratio = 30.53%, (2) powder filling ratio = 10.43%, (3) mill speed = 475.91 rpm, (4) chemical dosage = 1.99% of powder, and (5) modification time = 4.83 min., were obtained using the proposed I-optimal design-focused optimization model when predicting the model parameters. In addition, a coated micronized Bayburt stone (CMBS) product with an active ratio (AR) of 99.90% and d10, d50, and d90 values of 1.32 μm, 3.48 μm and 9.55 μm were achieved. Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectrum (EDS), and contact angle analyses were performed on the CMBS product.
AtıfScopus5WoS6OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1A Novel Fuzzy Cumulative Sum Control Chart with an α-Level Cut Based on Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers for a Real Case Application
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin; Serencam, Hüseyin
Statistical process control (SPC) is widely used to monitor production processes in many industries under certain conditions. When dealing with a quality characteristic for uncertainty, fuzzy numbers are used in the context of the statistical process control (SPC) to monitor a fuzzy production process. The aim of this paper is fourfold. One, a fuzzy X¯-R control chart with an α-level cut is used based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFNs) for detecting the large shifts in the fuzzy process mean. Second, a fuzzy cumulative sum (FCUSUM) control with an α-level cut based on TFNs is firstly developed for detecting the small shifts in the fuzzy process mean. Third, the fuzzy process capability indices (FPCIs) are presented to measure the fuzzy process performance. Finally, an ultra-fine calcite production process is controlled with both the fuzzy X¯-R control chart and the proposed FCUSUM control chart. The results of the fuzzy X¯-R control charts show that the fuzzy production process is in control, and large shifts in the fuzzy process mean were detected. On the other hand, the results of the FCUSUM charts show that the fuzzy production process is out of control, and small shifts in the fuzzy process mean were detected. FPCIs are also conducted, and the results of fuzzy Cpk indices show that the ultra-fine calcite production process is not capable of meeting specification limits.
AtıfScopus7WoS9OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Combination of Conventional Ball Mill and Stirred Mill to Obtain Ultra-Fine Talc
Uçurum, Metin; Güleç, Ömer; Toraman, Oner Yusuf
In this study, it was investigated that talc ore could ground to very fine sizes using a combination of conventional ball mill and vertical stirred mill. Firstly, the conventional ball mill parameters such as mill speed (% of critical speed), material filling ratio (Jb), ball filling ratio (fc), ball size distribution (10-20-30-40 mm, %), grinding aid ratio (% of powder) and grinding time (min.) were optimized using classic experimental design. As a result of the optimization, fine talc product was obtained with d90=93.52 µm particle size. In the second stage, the ball mill product was re-milled using a stirred mill. As a result of study, a final ultra-fine talc powder was obtained after 60 minutes grinding time with d50=1.85 µm particle size and 14058 cm2/g total surface area. It has been seen that the conventional ball mill+stirred mill combination effective a process to obtain talc powder that suitable for industrial use.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Development of a Fuzzy Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart with an α-level Cut for Monitoring a Production Process
Kaplan Göztok, Kader; Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın
Statistical quality control is a useful approach that applies to statistical techniques for monitoring a production system. These charts are effective to monitor the process under certain conditions. On the other hand, the fuzzy set theory is an appropriate tool to deal with an uncertain situation. This paper is fourfold. First of all, triangular fuzzy numbers with an α-level cut technique are used for each sample. The α-level cut technique is sensitive to satisfy the process requirement. Second, a fuzzy exponentially weighted moving average (FEWMA) control chart is proposed with the α-level cut technique. The proposed FEWMA detects small shifts under uncertain situations while using a unity technique for samples. Third, the fuzzy target-focused process capability index (FCpm) index is proposed to measure the fuzzy process performance. Then, a case study is presented to monitor a pumice block plant using the FEWMA control chart with the α-level cut and measure the process performance with the FCpm index. Comparative studies are also presented. By using the proposed FEWMA control chart with the α-level cut, the accuracy and the flexibility of control specification limits are reported for the case study.
AtıfScopus9WoS8OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3A novel approach to finding optimum operating conditions of design factors for the grinding experiment
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay; Tekin, İlker
The efficiency of grinding experiments is an important issue for many industries. In this paper, a central composite design-based methodology was proposed to investigate the four design factors that affect the particle sizes. The four design factors were specified as mill speed (% of Nc), ball filling ratio (fc), powder filling ratio (jb) and grinding time (min). Another important issue was how to obtain an optimum operating condition for four design factors. For this particular purpose, a novel dual response optimization model was proposed using the particle sizes (d 10, d 50, and d 90) and the span value concept. This proposed approach was compared to the desirability function-based optimization concept. The verification study of the experiment was also carried out. The results of the grinding experiment runs showed that the optimum operating conditions were mill speed 73.495% of Nc, ball filling ratio 0.354, powder filling ratio 0.157, and grinding time 70 min. In addition, d 10, d 50, and d 90 were found 3.31 µm, 12µm, and 45.6 µm, respectively. The span value was also found at 3.52.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3A novel weighted mean-squared error optimization model to obtain optimal conditions of adsorption factors for a lead removal process
Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay; Serencam, Hüseyin; Uçurum, Metin; Gündoğdu, Ali
Lead (Pb) removal process from wastewater is an important issue to prevent health problems for people. For this particular purpose, a low-cost adsorbent may be beneficial for improving the adsorption capacity for the Pb removal process. The aims of this paper are four-fold. First of all, a D-optimal experimental design was selected to reduce experimental runs and its cost. Second, the effect of four adsorption design factors, stirring speed (rpm), adsorbent dosage (g), pH level, and initial metal concentration (ppm), was examined. Also, the yellow natural stone, which is from Bayburt, Turkey, was used as a cheap adsorbent for the Pb removal process from the solu-tion. Third, a novel weighted mean-squared error optimization model was developed to obtain optimal adsorption levels for adsorption factors. Besides, a verification study was conducted to verify the results of the adsorption experiment. Finally, the lead (Pb(II)) removal capacity of the yellow Bayburt stone was obtained to be 46.031 mg/g, and the results of the experiment from the proposed methodology showed a good performance for the removal study.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Bulanık İstatistiksel Proses Kontrol Tekniği ile 19x39x19 cm Bims Hafif Yapı Malzemesi Üretiminin Analizi
Uçurum, Metin; Kaplan Göztok, Kader; Özdemir, Akın
İstatistiksel Proses Kontrolü (İPK), üretim çıktılarının ürün özelliklerini belirlenen kalite aralıklarındayapılmasını kontrol eden, sağlayan ve standart dışı üretimin önüne geçmede mühendislerin kullandığı en önemlimatematik esaslı bir araçtır. Ancak konvansiyonel İPK yöntemlerinin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda bulanık kümeteorisinden yararlanılan daha hassas istatistiksel proses kontrolüne imkân veren bulanık istatistiksel proseskontrol yaklaşımları geliştirilmiştir. Bu makalede, bir Bims fabrikası ürünü olan 19x39x19 cm Bims ürünününüretim sürecin kontrol altında olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde bulanık istatistiksel proses kontroltekniklerinden yararlanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar sunulmuştur.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin2
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Sürekli Kalite İyileştirme için Faktöriyel Tasarım Tabanlı Süreç Optimizasyonu
Serencam, Hüseyın; Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın
Deneyin tasarımı, yeni bir süreç geliştirmek veya mevcut bir süreci geliştirmek için kilit bir rol oynar. Literatürde sürekli kalite iyileştirme için faktöriyel deneysel tasarımları kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede, tasarım faktörlerinin optimizasyonu için bir deney verisi analizi yapmak amacıyla faktöriyel deney tasarımına sahip yeni bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Önerilen yöntem beş ana adıma sahiptir. İlk adım deney öncesi planlama ile ilgilidir. İkinci adım faktöriyel tasarıma sahip deneysel aşamadır. Üçüncü adım bir deneye ait verileri analiz eder. Daha sonra, tasarım faktörlerinin en uygun değerlerini elde etmek için faktöriyel tasarıma dayalı optimizasyon modeli ilk defa geliştirilmiştir. Son adım deneyden elde edilen sonuçları doğrulamak için sonuçlar ve tavsiyeler adımdır. Son olarak, güncel literatürdeki sayısal bir örnek için farklı hedef değerler kullanılarak karşılaştırma çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, önerilen faktöriyel tasarıma dayalı süreç optimizasyon modelinin belirtilen hedef değere göre daha fazla varyansı azaltabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Recovery of unburned carbonaceous matter (UCM) from sugar mill bottom ash
Katircioglu-Bayel, Diler; Serencam, Hüseyin; Uçurum, Metin
Millions of tons of coal fly and bottom ash are produced each year in many countries including Turkey. Coal combustion which is the main source of energy in sugar mill and many other industries produce massive quantities of waste. The present study aims to separate the unburned carbonaceous matter (UCM) from the bottom ash of Bor, Nigde-Turkey sugar plant has been studied using the mechanical flotation technique. For this purpose, the performances of three classical oils were investigated and then chemical parameters such as sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), collector (fuel-oil) and frother (pine-oil) were systematically examined by using Yates’ statistical technique. A product with 41.58% combustible grade at 87.44% recovery was obtained at 0 g/t sodium silicate, 7464 g/t fuel-oil, 888 g/t pine-oil, 15% pulp density, 1200 rpm impeller speed and natural pH. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that it was possible to enrich the bottom ash by using conventional flotation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Investigation of the use of green bayburt stones as adsorbent by statistical experimental design
Serencam, Hüseyın; Uçurum, Metin
The tuff type, which is defined as Bayburt Stone in Bayburt region, is frequently used as industrial raw material in the region. These stones consist of three different varieties; white, green and yellow. As it is known, in recent years, the use of low-cost and easy-to-supply natural raw materials as adsorbents for removing various pollutants from wastewaters has become a very important issue. In this context, the adsorbent characteristic of green Bayburt stone was investigated by using a Taguchi experiment design which is one of the statistical experimental design methods after milling to very small dimensions (d50=13.20 µm). In the experimental studies cobalt (Co) element was selected as a model heavy metal. The optimum adsorption parameter values of green Bayburt stone were determined as 7 for pH, 250 mg/L for initial metal concentration and 0,250 g for adsorbent dose. According to the findings, adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Co(II) was calculated as qe = 60.16 (mg/g), and this value was found to be comparable with many studies in the literature.
AtıfTR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Taguchi deney tasarımı kullanılarak uçucu kül ile ni (ıı) gideriminde bazı adsorpsiyon parametrelerinin etkinliğinin irdelenmesi
Serencam, Hüseyın; Uçurum, Metin
Bu çalışmada, önemli bir sanayi artığı olan Uçucu Külün, toksik bir ağır metal iyonu olarak bilinen Nikel(II)’in sulu çözeltiden adsorpsiyonunda rol oynayan önemli parametrelerden pH, ilk metal konsantrasyonu veadsorpsiyon süresi Taguchi deney tasarımı kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Adsorpsiyon deneyleri, L9 ortogonaldizaynına göre 9 adet deney yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesinde varyansanalizi ve sinyal/gürültü oranı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre en iyi uzaklaşma verimi (%); pH 6’da,180 ppm giriş konsantrasyonunda ve 30 dakika adsorpsiyon süresinde elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile birlikte,Taguchi deney tasarımının adsorpsiyon çalışmaları için oldukça uygun bir deney tasarım metodu olduğu veuçucu külün sulu çözeltilerden ağır metal (nikel) gideriminde adsorplama kabiliyetinin iyi olduğu sonuçlarınaulaşılmıştır.
AtıfOpenAlex11TR Dizin9İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Modeling design parameters with taguchi experimental method for obtaining operating conditions for cu(Ii) removal through adsorption process
Serencam, Hüseyin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay; Uçurum, Metin
One of the environmental concerns deals with the removal process of pollutants in water and wastewater. In this paper, a removal process was used to eliminate pollutants in water and wastewater. The aim of this paper was to obtain an optimum adsorption condition for the highest metal ions adsorbed (MIA) mg/g. For this particular purpose, a Taguchi L18 design was conducted. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio was analyzed for optimum adsorption levels. The analysis of variance was also performed to evaluate the effect of each adsorption condition on MIA (mg/g) values. Moreover, an optimization model was also proposed to find the best optimal setting of adsorption levels. Then, the confirmation tests were performed using optimum coded levels of the adsorption parameters for the verification purpose. The results of the experimental study showed a good performance that Cu(II) removal capacity was found to be 43.66 mg/g. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to study natural stone as an efficient, inexpensive and cheap adsorbent for the removal process.
AtıfScopus6WoS5OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018GG25 gri dökme demir malzemesinin üretiminde bulanık istatistiksel proses kontrolünün uygulanması
Uçurum, Metin; Atıcı, Ümit; Çınar, Mehmet; Çolak, Murat
Kimyasal bileşimlerinde %2'den fazla karbon içeren demirli malzemeler grubuna yaygın olarak dökme demir malzemeleri denir. Karbon Eşdeğeri (CE), dökme demir üretiminde kullanılan farklı alaşım elementlerinin kombine etkilerini eşdeğer miktarda karbon ile ilişkilendiren, ağırlık yüzdesi olarak ampirik bir değerdir. İstatistiksel proses kontrol (SPC), çok popüler hale gelen kaliteli ve yüksek standartlı ürünler elde etmek için fabrikalarda yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır. Bulanık proses kontrol analizi, X-R kontrol çizelgelerini kullanarak, bulanık teori ile geliştirilmiş daha gerçekçi sonuçlar veren bir tekniktir. Bu çalışma, bir gri dökme demir üretim hattı koşullarının, şartname ve kontrol sınırları dâhilinde olup olmadığını bulanık istatistiksel proses kontrol tekniği ile gözlemlemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulanık X-R grafikleri, 20 günlük üretim için GG25 gri dökme demir numunelerine uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, bulanık istatistiksel proses kontrol (SPC) yöntemlerinin bir dökümhaneye basitçe uygulanabileceğini göstermektedir
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2018Scopus SJRQ2Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Ultra-Fine Calcite Using a Box-Behnken Experimental Design
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akln; Teke, Çaǧatay; Serencam, Hüseyin; Ipek, Mümtaz
Removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a significant issue because it prevents environmental-based concerns and impacts a large number of diseases and disorders. Many low-cost natural materials have been offered recently as possible precursors to commercial synthetic adsorbents. Ultra-fine calcite, one of these natural materials, has been investigated as a potential commercial adsorbent. Response surface designs are effective experimental techniques to investigate the heavy metal adsorption capacity of ultra-fine calcite. In the present study, one such response surface design, Box-Behnken, is used in order to optimize adsorption factors, such as pH level, initial metal concentration, stirring rate and adsorption time, and to determine the heavy metal capacity of this adsorbent. Our results show that the proposed methodology is an effective approach to optimizing the adsorption process and to maximize the heavy metal capacity.
AtıfScopus9WoS7OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Manufacture of fired clay bricks containing an industrial waste (bottom ash)
Gökçe, Mehmedi Vehbi; Uçurum, Metin; Bilgil, Ahmet; Yeşilyurt, Ergün; Fener, Mustafa
Bottom ash is an industrial waste produced by the combustion of coal in industrial plants. These wastes are still under discussion as an environmental issue because of the very restricted field of use. Therefore, numerous studies have been getting performed to reduce the amount of wastes and to reuse the current residues produced by the coal-powered plants. It is a known fact that, there are hopeful developments on usability of industrial wastes in construction technology. In this study, use of bottom ash-obtained at Bor Sugar Factory as by-product, Niğde-Turkey, which contains unburned carbon by about 20% in production of brick as an additive was investigated. The results showed that bottom ash could be used as an additive in producing bricks and this process was found to be a good alternative for recycling such wastes.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Investigaton of the effects of micronized calcite grinding and coating operations on colour parameters
Toraman, Öner Yusuf; Uçurum, Metin; Cayirli, Serkan
Calcite (CaCO3) is used as a mineral filler in many industries such as plastics, paper and coating because of its white colour, low iron, silica content and easy grindability after it is ground in the micron sizes. The most important property requested by users is whiteness degree of calcite products. Colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) of calcite ore may change naturally after milling and coating process. The changes and colour difference (?E) must be calculated from raw material and product. In this study; colour measurements and colour difference (?E) calculations are given for calcite ore in Nigde region.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Stearik Asit Çeşidinin Kalsit Kaplama Verimi Üzerine Etkisi
Uçurum, Metin; Malgir, Eda
Stearik asit, CH3(CH2)16COOH formülüyle gösterilen doymuş bir yağ asididir. Birçok sanayi dalında kullanılan granül formdaki stearik asit, mikronize kalsit ürünlerinin kaplanmasında da geniş olarak kullanılmaktadır. Piyasada farklı kodlarla satılan stearik asitlerin kalsit kaplamadaki verimlerinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada, kaplama işlemi dik karıştırmalı bilyeli değirmen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Beş farklı stearik asitle (C1865, C1852, C1843, C1839 ve C1837) kaplanan kalsit ürünleri önemli kalite göstergeleri olan aktive oranı, kaplama oranı, renk parametreleri (L*, a*, b*) ve tap yoğunluk değerleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Kaplama için en uygun stearik asit tipinin ise C1865 olduğu tespit edilmiştir
AtıfTR Dizin3İncele