Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2Microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from persimmon: physicochemical properties, structural characterization and greenness assessment
Yılmaz, Özlem; Kutlu, Naciye; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Elbir Abca, Tuğba
In this study, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of pectin from persimmon was optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design, with pH, extraction time, and liquid-to-solid ratio as independent variables. The optimization results obtained through response surface methodology indicated optimum conditions of pH 1.78, extraction time of 8 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 125 mL/g, corresponding to a predicted pectin yield of 4.28%. In the validation experiment, the actual pectin yield was determined to be 3.79 ± 0.04%, confirming a good agreement with the model predictions. The degree of esterification, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid and ash contents, water- and oil-holding capacities, antioxidant activity, rheological behavior, and structural properties (FT-IR, DSC, and 1H NMR) of the samples obtained under optimal MAE and conventional extraction conditions were compared. Based on the degree of esterification, both samples were classified as high-methoxyl, with galacturonic acid contents of 41% and 42% for the MAE and conventionally extracted samples, respectively; both values were below the ≥ 65% level specified for commercial food-grade pectin. The ash content was higher in the MAE sample (7.22%) than in the conventionally extracted sample (1.56%). MAE resulted in a pectin-rich complex with a relatively low galacturonic acid content and higher antioxidant activity than the conventionally extracted sample. Furthermore, the MAE sample exhibited higher water-holding capacity but lower oil-binding capacity than the conventionally extracted sample. Rheological analysis showed that the MAE sample exhibited higher apparent viscosity and shear stress than the conventionally extracted sample. FT-IR analysis revealed more pronounced absorption bands in the MAE sample, suggesting structural differences. DSC analysis revealed differences in the thermal behavior of the MAE and conventionally extracted samples. Additionally, 1H NMR analysis supported the presence of characteristic pectic structural features in both samples. The greenness assessment of the method was assessed using the Greenness Evaluation Metric for Analytical Methods (GEMAM), which yielded an overall score of 7.482, indicating a high level of environmental acceptability. Overall, MAE can be considered an efficient and sustainable approach for obtaining a pectin-rich complex with antioxidant activity from persimmon.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of Antioxidant Recovery from Deep Eutectic Solvent Phase via Back-Extraction Using Taguchi Method
Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Kutlu, Naciye
This study investigates the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) via ethyl acetate-mediated liquid–liquid extraction and the optimization of the process using the Taguchi method for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from tea industry waste. In the study, choline chloride was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor; lactic acid, glycerol, and ethanol were used as hydrogen bond donors; and different ratios of water (10–30%) were added to reduce the viscosity of the DESs. Ultrasound-assisted extraction results showed that lactic acid-based DESs provided the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity due to their ability to break down plant cell walls. However, in the recovery phase carried out with ethyl acetate, it was determined that ethanol-based DESs (ChCl:EtOH) were more effective in transferring antioxidants to the organic phase due to their looser molecular structure. Optimization using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array revealed the following results: ChCl:EtOH solvent, 2:1 ethyl acetate/extract ratio, 20% water ratio, and 30-min shaking period were determined as the optimal conditions. Under these conditions, the model predicted a yield of 93.34%, and experimental validation revealed a recovery yield of 85.70 ± 1.13%. The results demonstrate that this developed green extraction method offers a sustainable alternative for converting tea waste into high value-added functional components.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polyphenols From Tea Parts: A Green Assessment
Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Gıdık, Betül; Abca, Tuğba Elbir; Yurtvermez, Bayram; Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián; Kutlu, Naciye; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as green alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plants. This study evaluated nine choline chloride–based DESs for recovering antioxidant polyphenols from four parts of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis): seed, bud, leaf, and flower. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and individual polyphenolic profiles were determined, and the greenness of the sample preparation was assessed using AGREEprep. The highest total phenolic content (53.28 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (141.17 mg TE/g) were obtained from leaves using ChCl:formic acid, outperforming ethanol and methanol. Leaves also exhibited the highest total quantified polyphenolic content (up to 95,813 mg/kg DW, corresponding to the sum of the quantified polyphenols), with epicatechin gallate and gallocatechin + epigallocatechin being the major contributors. Flowers and buds showed notable polyphenolic diversity, while seeds contained the lowest levels. Statistical analysis confirmed clear clustering patterns according to plant part and solvent type. AGREEprep evaluation yielded scores up to 0.54, highlighting the environmental benefits of DES-based extraction. We demonstrated that tea leaves were the richest source of bioactive polyphenols, and selected DESs, particularly formic acid–based and ethylene glycol–based, exhibited superior efficiency and sustainability compared to conventional solvents. These findings support the wider adoption of DESs for green, high-yield extraction of pharmacologically important compounds from tea and other medicinal plants.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2Optimizing microwave drying parameters for rhododendron bee pollen: effects on antioxidant potential, polyphenols, and proteins
Kutlu, Naciye; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
Monofloral Rhododendron spp. bee pollen is a remarkable bee product due to its functional components as well as its potential pharmacological effects. In this study, Rhododendron spp. bee pollen was dried by the microwave method as an alternative to the conventional drying method. Different combinations of microwave powers (140, 210 and 280 W) and sample weights (10, 20 and 30 g) applied during microwave drying (MWD) were determined by Central Composite Design. Drying time, total protein, total carotenoid, total phenolic-flavonoid compounds, and proanthocyanidin yields of dried pollen were determined and antioxidant activity tests (CUPRAC and DPPH•) were performed. The analysis results were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the optimum drying conditions were obtained when the microwave power was 280 W and the sample weight was 30 g. The optimal conditions have been established to reduce drying time and enhance the content of bioactive compounds. As a result of optimization, the composite desirability (d) was found to be 0.8. Experimental and predicted values were close to each other. In conclusion, MWD has demonstrated efficacy as a drying technique by significantly reducing drying time while maintaining and enhancing the yields of bioactive compounds in monofloral Rhododendron spp. bee pollen. In comparison to conventional techniques, the application of MWD in the drying process of monofloral Rhododendron spp. bee pollen is demonstrably more efficient and sustainable.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Deep Eutectic Solvents as Sustainable Media for Efficient Recovery of Phenolics From Black (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) and Red (Lycium barbarum Lam.) Goji Berries: Optimization and Functional Evaluation
Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Çevik, Berke; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Özmener, Bahar; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been frequently preferred over the past decade as alternatives to conventional solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products. Meanwhile, black and red goji berries are widely consumed as functional foods due to their many functional properties reported in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different DESs in the extraction of individual phenolic compounds from goji berry (Lycium barbarum and L. ruthenicum) fruits, to determine the most suitable DES, and to optimize the extraction conditions. The DES that provided the highest yield in the extraction of individual phenolic compounds from L. barbarum was determined to be proline:citric acid (DES6 – a total of approximately 33,545 µg/kg), while for L. ruthenicum it was choline chloride:acetic acid (DES3 – a total of approximately 37,496 µg/kg). Rutin was the predominant phenolic compound in both species. DESs provided a higher phenolic yield compared to ethanol and water. In addition, L. ruthenicum exhibited higher total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and antioxidant activity compared to L. barbarum. These findings reveal that DESs are a green, efficient, and sustainable alternative for the extraction of phenolic compounds from goji berries.
AtıfScopus1WoS1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Optimized ultrasonic-NaDES extraction of anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and organic acids from chokeberry fruit with blueness and antimicrobial evaluation
Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in food processing in recent years, owing to their remarkable advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DESs for the recovery of bioactive components from chokeberry fruit. First, among the 10 different DESs, the DES that extracted the highest total individual phenolic content (TIPC) from chokeberry was determined. Then, ultrasonically assisted extraction conditions (ultrasonic amplitude, time, and temperature) were optimized by response surface methodology to obtain the maximum amount of TIPC using this DES. According to the results obtained, the natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) choline chloride: acetic acid (1:2, 30% water content) provided the highest yield for TIPC extraction and the optimum conditions for maximum TIPC extraction were determined as 100% for ultrasonic amplitude, 50 °C for temperature and 60 min for sonication time. The TIPC content of the extracts prepared with this NaDES was determined between 1740.26 and 3703.14 mg/kg. In addition, the individual organic acid and individual anthocyanin contents of the NaDES extracts, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were determined. Chlorogenic acid (1392.351–2361.48 mg/kg) among phenolic compounds, pyruvic acid (9361.35–47398.04 mg/kg) among organic acids and kuromanin chloride (69748.13–134668.24 mg/kg) among anthocyanins were the dominant compounds in NaDES extracts. However, the extracts showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) bacteria, Gram (−) bacteria, and yeast-like fungi (Candida strains). Finally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was used to evaluate the practicality/blueness potential of the chromatographic method used to determine the anthocyanin composition of the DES extracts. In conclusion, NaDES (choline chloride:acetic acid) can be an alternative solvent for the recovery of some individual phenolics, organic acids and anthocyanins under different extraction conditions. In addition, the use of NaDES in the recovery of various functional compounds needed in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., is important for the promotion of sustainability and green technology.
AtıfScopus19WoS18OpenAlex19İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of Hemp Seed (Cannabis sativa L.) Protein Extraction and Glycation Conditions by Response Surface Methodology: Physicochemical, Functional, and Thermal Characteristics
Yüzer, Elvan; Kutlu, Naciye; Yüzer, Mustafa Onur
In this study, first, optimization using the response surface method was implemented to obtain the highest yield of protein isolate from defatted hemp seed under different extraction conditions. Optimum extraction conditions were determined with 0% salt concentration, 12 pH value, and 49°C temperature. The protein isolate produced under optimum conditions was subjected to the glycation process, and the glycation conditions were also optimized. The optimum conditions for glycation were determined as a protein isolate: sugar ratio of 1.6:1, temperature of 60°C, and time of 90 min, providing the most suitable glycation degrees and browning indices. There was no statistical difference between the glycated protein isolate obtained under these conditions and the nonglycated protein isolate in terms of emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index. For total phenolic–flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity, the sugar complex caused a decrease in these values. In addition, there was a high positive correlation between bioactive compounds. SEM micrographs showed relationships between hemp seed protein isolate and sugar, and these interactions led to a spongy three-dimensional microstructure. When the FTIR results were analyzed, the glycated isolate had stronger absorption at 3300–3200 cm−1 compared to the nonglycated isolate. In conclusion, this study reports important findings in terms of functional and characteristic properties of how monosaccharides affect glycation.
AtıfScopus1WoS1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1The impact of osmotic dehydration and microwave drying process conditions on the quality characteristics of celery roots (Apium graveolens l. Subsp. rapaceum)
Kutlu, Naciye
In this study, celery roots were dried by the osmotic dehydration-assisted microwave drying method, and both osmotic dehydration (OD) and microwave conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Utilizing a Box–Behnken experimental design, the drying time was minimized while maximizing the total phenolic compounds (TPC) in dried samples at different OD salt concentrations (10, 20 and 30 %), OD temperatures (30, 45 and 60 °C), OD durations (1, 2 and 3 h) and microwave powers (210, 350 and 490 W). The optimal drying conditions were identified as 15.05 % for OD salt concentration, 42.5 °C for OD temperature, 1.6 h for OD duration and 489.7 W for microwave power. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted values for time and TPC were 10 min and 104.38 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The composite desirability value was 0.99 as a result of optimization. The experimental values for time and TPC were measured as 11 min and 97.45 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The predicted and experimental values were found to be statistically similar to each other. A comparison with control groups designed to assess the effects of OD and microwave processes revealed that these processes significantly influenced both quality (TPC, antioxidant activity, color) and drying characteristics (drying time, rehydration rate). The greenness assessment value was calculated as 78 using the MoGAPI tool. Consequently, the application of OD pretreatment and use of the innovative microwave drying method as a final drying step in vegetable drying was successfully implemented to enhance the properties of the final product.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Celery Root Peels Using an Ultrasound-Assisted Method with Choline Chloride–Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Yılmaz, Özlem
The concepts of sustainable and green technology have come to the forefront due to problems such as increasing environmental pollution, depletion of resources, and uncontrolled increases in industrialization. Green chemistry aims to reduce or completely eliminate pollution in the environment. In this study, both the ultrasonic method, which is a form of green technology, and deep eutectic solvents, which are among green solvents, were used, and a perspective on creating economic value from a waste product (celery root peel) is presented. In this context, phytochemical compounds (total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities) were obtained from celery root peels by ultrasonic-assisted extraction using 10 different choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents, and the results were compared with methanol, an organic solvent. As a result, according to the total flavonoid content, the most effective deep eutectic solvent was choline chloride to sucrose, while according to the antioxidant activity value, choline chloride to lactic acid was found to be effective. For all of the analyzed bioactive compounds, higher or equal yields were obtained with all deep eutectic solvent extracts compared to methanol, and deep eutectic solvents could be alternatives to organic solvents (such as methanol) that may have toxic effects on humans or the environment.
AtıfScopus9WoS9OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Influence of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction on bioactive compounds from germinated mung beans (Vigna radiata) and greenness assessment
Yücel, Tuğçenur; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye
In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted method was applied to extract phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant compounds from germinated mung beans. In addition, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were chosen as solvents to support the green concept and to increase their applicability. Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt and was used as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and compounds from the alcohol, organic acid, sugar, and amide groups were combined as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) to obtain 8 different DESs. Higher yields were obtained with ultrasonic-assisted DESs compared to the traditional method (maceration) when total phenolic compound and antioxidant activities were evaluated. While the most effective solvent for total phenolic compound yield was choline chloride:fructose, the highest antioxidant activity values were obtained with solvents using organic acids as HBD. Moreover, Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was used to assess the greenness of the applied ultrasonic-assisted spectrophotometric extraction and DESs. As a result, using green technology and green solvents was influential in the extraction of bioactive compounds, and their applicability was especially effective for mung beans.
AtıfScopus8WoS7OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasonic assisted extraction of water-soluble vitamins from minor components of bee pollen with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent
Çelik, Saffet; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Bayram, Sinan; Kırkıncı, Seran; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
In this study, different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for vitamin extraction from bee pollen. The DES combination with the highest total amount of individual vitamins was choline chloride: ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2). The response surface method was then used to optimize the extraction conditions. The independent variables used for optimization were ultrasonic power, time, and temperature, while the dependent variables were the total individual amino acids, total individual phenolic compounds, and total individual vitamin contents. Spectrophotometric analyses and antimicrobial activity were also determined in the extracts. In addition, AGREEprep, ComplexGAPI and BAGI tools were used to evaluate the greenness of the method. The results obtained with DES were compared with water, ethanol, and methanol extracts, which were considered control groups. As a result of optimization, the optimum conditions were found to be 75 % for ultrasonic power, 71.5 min for sonication time, and 40 °C for ultrasonic bath temperature. The model's composite desirability value (d) was found to be 0.81. The predicted value and the experimental values were close to each other. Furthermore, the most dominant vitamin in DES extracts was ascorbic acid, the most dominant amino acid was proline, and the most dominant phenolic compound was myricetin. The amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained from water, ethanol, and methanol extracts. The spectrophotometric analysis results obtained higher yields with DES compared to the control groups. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that pollen extracts prepared using choline chloride: ethylene glycol had a weak inhibitory effect for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but not yeast-like fungal strains. In conclusion, DES has been successfully used to extract vitamins and other bioactive compounds from bee pollen. The results obtained showed that DESs can be an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of vitamins, which are among the minor components of bee pollen. Besides, the potential of the application different DESs for more efficient extraction of vitamins and components with important pharmaceutical properties from bee pollen needs to be evaluated in detail.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from persimmon calyx
Kutlu, Naciye; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Abca, Tuğba Elbir; Yilmaz, Özlem
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) calyx by deep eutectic solvents (DES) with different molar ratios. For this reason, the prepared DES extracts’ total phenolic–flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity [DPPH•], Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) were investigated as a result of the experimental design and optimization study conducted for this purpose. A sonication time of 20 min was determined as the optimal condition. Under these conditions, a molar ratio of 1.9:1 (lactic acid:choline chloride) and a water ratio of 70% provided the highest phenolic/flavonoid compounds and antioxidative activity. Correlations among water ratio, molar ratio, and sonication time were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). In conditions where total flavonoid compound, FRAP, and DPPH• are high due to PCA, it can be concluded that the sonication time is at high level; on the contrary, the water and molar ratios are at low level. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction using DES proved effective in persimmon calyx. Therefore, it can be recommended to use these environmentally friendly green solvents as an alternative to organic solvents in preparing extracts in various fields. Practical Application: This study shows the effectiveness of the ultrasound-assisted green extraction method using persimmon calyx specified as waste. These findings are compelling in the food industry in terms of consumers being now aware of green technology and the discovery that calyx is a good source of bioactive compounds.
AtıfScopus19WoS21OpenAlex23İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1Ultrasound assisted choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify (Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) boiss. Var. Latifolius Boiss.): A Box–Behnken design approach for optimization
Yilmaz, Özlem; Elbir Abca, Tuğba; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye
This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different molar ratios. For this reason, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) compounds, and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH•), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of extracts prepared with DES were investigated with an experimental design and optimization study conducted for this purpose. An extraction time of 40.15 min was determined as the optimal condition. Under these conditions, a molar ratio of 3:1 (acetic acid:choline chloride) and a water ratio of 42.17 % provided the highest phenolic/flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity. Correlations between water ratio, molar ratio, and sonication extraction time were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). In conditions where TPC, FRAP, and DPPH• were high according to PCA, it can be concluded that the extraction time, water ratio, and molar ratio are at high levels; contrarily, TFC is at a low level. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction using DES proved effective for salsify. Therefore, choline chloride-based DESs, can be recommended as environmentally friendly green solvents and an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from salsify.
AtıfScopus11WoS8OpenAlex10İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2024Microwave Roasting
Kutlu, Naciye; Pandiselvam, Ravi
Roasting is a process that involves heat treatment to improve the digestibility, flavor and sensory aspects of foods and to provide the desired structural changes in the food product. In the microwave roasting method, the heat treatment applied to food products uses microwave energy. When this method is applied with the right temperature-time combination, it has many advantages, such as shorter processing time, energy efficiency, preserving the color components and nutritional quality to a large extent, prevention of the formation of acrylamide to a large extent and offering easy process control compared to traditional methods (roasting in pan, sand or oven), and therefore it has come to the fore in recent studies. With appropriate optimization studies, the negative effects of the microwave method will be minimized. Studies are needed to adapt the microwave roasting method on an industrial scale. Designing new devices which can use artificial intelligence for microwave roasting, an innovative and economical method, is among research expectations for the future.
AtıfScopus1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2Optimization of a Novel–Enriched Pasta Production and Its Physical, Chemical, and Characteristic Properties
Yilmaz, Merve Silanur; Kutlu, Naciye; Sakiyan, Ozge; Isci, Asli
The aim of the study is to enrich pasta with cornelian cherry powder, a product with high bioactive contents. In this way, it was aimed to obtain a new product that is more nutritionally advanced and can contribute to the country’s economy. In this study, cornelian cherry with high bioactive content and an attractive color advantage was used for the enrichment of the pasta formulation. In addition, the pasta production procedure was revised by applying microwave technology for drying. Cornelian cherry powder:dough ratio, dough thickness, and microwave power were optimized with response surface methodology. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, color, and water-holding capacity were determined as responses. Optimum conditions were found as 4.53% for powder:dough ratio, 0.1 cm for dough thickness, and 270 W for microwave power. According to optimization results, it was detected that the cornelian cherry powder:dough ratio affected the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, and microwave power was found to be effective only on antioxidant activity. For optimum conditions, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found as 1.29 GAE/g and 0.5 mg TE/g, respectively. The characterization analysis showed that the microwave–dried sample shrank less than those dried with the conventional method. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, it was determined that the amount of carbohydrates in the samples obtained under optimum conditions was lower than that of control. It has been observed that the application of microwave technology for drying pasta enriched with cornelian cherry powder had positive effects on the quality of the final product.
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ2Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration as a pretreatment for microwave drying of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
Memis, Habibe; Bekar, Fevzi; Guler, Cagri; Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye
The aim of this study was to optimize drying conditions during ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration and subsequent microwave drying of red beetroot using the Box-Behnken design. For this purpose, ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration was performed at different ultrasonic powers (50, 75, and 100 W), sonication times (20, 40, and 60 min), and salt concentrations (0%, 15%, and 30%). The subsequent drying procedures were conducted with 231, 518, and 805 W microwave power. The best condition was selected as 5.15% salt concentration, 20 min sonication time, 50 W ultrasonic power, and 716.45 W microwave power. The responses obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 68.06%, 9.54 mg GAE/g dm, 28.23, 42.66, and 3.08 for DPPH• % inhibition, total phenolic content, L*, a*, and b* values, respectively. While favorable impacts on color were detected for the applied pretreatments, the DPPH• scavenging activities of the dried beetroot were determined to be more significant after ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration. Furthermore, the drying kinetics of beetroot were evaluated according to the Midilli et al. model. When the fit to the model was investigated, it was compatible at R2> 0.90 level. As a result, the ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration pretreatment performed before the microwave drying method preserved the quality characteristics of beetroot samples and was successfully applied.
AtıfScopus12WoS11OpenAlex11İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles using Green Coffee Beans: An Optimization Study
Baluken, Pınar; Kamiloglu, Aybike; Kutlu, Naciye
In this study, ultrasonication extraction of some bioactive compounds from green coffee beans was optimized with the response surface method using Box-Behnken experimental design. The best condition was selected as 90.90 W ultrasonic power, 33.63 min sonication time and 30 % solid concentration. The responses obtained under optimum conditions had TPC, DPPH and CUPRAC values identified as 6603.33±2025.94 ppm GAE, 9638.31±372.17 ppm TE and 98.83 mmol, respectively. Microwave-assisted selenium nanoparticle production was carried out using the extract obtained under optimized conditions. The produced selenium nanoparticles showed absorbance between 350–400 nm. The surface morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spherical nanoparticles of about 100 nm were produced. Functional groups affecting the reduction were determined by FTIR analysis. In addition, the produced selenium nanoparticles had amorphous (non-uniform) structure and could maintain their stability at high temperatures.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2An optimization study for amino acid extraction from bee bread using choline chloride-acetic acid deep eutectic solvent and determination of individual phenolic profile
Kutlu, Naciye; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin
In this study, the aim was to optimize the extraction conditions (molar ratio, time, temperature) in order to maximize the total individual amino acid (TAA) yield from bee bread, which is a fermented bee product, using choline chloride-acetic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES). In addition to the phenolic profile and amino acid profile investigated by LC-MS/MS, some spectrophotometric (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total proanthocyanidin content) and bioactivity (antioxidant/antimicrobial activity) tests were carried out on the extracts. Optimum conditions were determined as 1:2 for molar ratio, 15 min for time and 10 °C for temperature with optimization based on the TAA values of the different extracts (d: 0.99). Molar ratio and temperature were found to have statistically significant effects on TAA values. At optimum conditions, the amount of TAA obtained with DES (29.678 g/kg) was found to be approximately 35.2% and 54.4% higher than that obtained with ethanol and methanol extracts, respectively. All these results indicate that choline chloride-acetic acid DES can be chosen when preparing bee bread extracts, which are evaluated for different areas of use such as food and health due to active ingredient content. Higher active ingredients can be extracted by trying different DES combinations.
AtıfScopus7WoS9OpenAlex11İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1The application of deep eutectic solvents for protein extraction from bee bread (Perga)
Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Kutlu, Naciye; Çelik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Yıldırım, Nazlıcan
Bee bread is one of the basic nutrients that bees use as a protein source and is formed as a result of the fermentation of bee pollen. In the last few years, this product has become increasingly recognized and consumed among bee products due to its functional properties. However, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have attracted great interest in recent years as promising green alternatives to replace traditional solvents due to their variable viscosity, low vapor pressure, application-specific adjustability, non-flammability and chemical stability. In this study, bee bread was extracted in 12 different DES with different hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA):hydrogen bond donor (HBD) combinations. The DES combination with the highest total protein content was determined to be choline chloride (ChCl)-urea. Then, ultrasonic extraction conditions were optimized for maximum bioactive extraction in extracts prepared with ChCl-urea. The optimum conditions were found as 31.3 %, 25 min, 35 °C for ultrasonic power, extraction time and temperature, respectively. The desirability value (d) of the model was 0.83. The extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content, total protein content, individual polyphenolics, individual amino acids and individual vitamins as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity tests. According to the results, total protein, total individual amino acids and total individual phenolics were higher in the extracts obtained with ChCl-urea compared to the extract prepared with conventional solvent (ethanol). In conclusion, all these findings showed that ChCl-urea combination can be an alternative to ethanol depending on the structural characteristics of the target compounds to be extracted from bee bread.
AtıfScopus15WoS12OpenAlex13İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1High pressure homogenization for preservation of liquid foods-Mechanisms, molecular modifications and recent developments
Pandiselvam, R.; Özaslan, Zeynep Tugba; Sahni, Prashant; Khanashyam, Anandu Chandra; Kutlu, Naciye; Yilmaz, Merve Silanur; Isleroglu, Hilal; Ramniwas, Seema; Rustagi, Sarvesh
High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) is emerging as a cutting-edge, non-thermal technology for liquid food preservation, offering significant advantages over conventional methods. Recent advances in HPH technology, particularly with the development of robust valves capable of withstanding pressures of 350-400 MPa, have opened new possibilities for the food industry. HPH not only extends the shelf life of liquid foods but also preserves nutritional value, improves homogeneity, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes the need for chemical preservatives. Its ability to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes while modifying bioactive components is particularly valuable for enhancing food safety and nutritional quality. Novel aspects of HPH include its efficiency in microbial and enzyme inactivation through cellular disruption, demonstrated in both lab and industrial settings, as well as its capacity to alter the functional properties of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. This results in improved stability, viscosity, and shelf life of various products. The versatility of HPH enables the development of novel food formulations that meet evolving consumer demands for safer, more nutritious options. This review critically examines the literature on HPH's application in liquid foods, focusing on its impact on enzymatic activity and bioactive components, while highlighting the parameters that influence microbial inactivation during HPH processing. The ongoing technological advancements in HPH present a promising future for revolutionizing food preservation practices.
AtıfScopus17WoS13OpenAlex21İncele