Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Tersine Göç Eğilimi ve Diaspora Ağları: Almanya'daki Yüksek Nitelikli Türklerin Tersine Göç Eğilimlerini Etkileyen Faktörler
Durmaz, Atakan; Pabuçcu, Hakan; Kömür, Gökhan
Bu çalışmada, uluslararası göç eğilimleri ve bu eğilimlere neden olan faktörler incelenerek, özellikle Almanya'daki nitelikli Türk göçmenlerin Türkiye'ye yönelik tersine göç eğilimleri ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında 15/11/2018 ile 30/04/2019 tarihleri arasında Almanya’da bir saha çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplamda 1.127 katılımcı, 451 öğrenci (%40) ve 676 mezuna (%60) ulaşılmıştır. Sürekli değişkenler yorumlanırken verilerin regresyon katsayıları üzerinden analiz edilmesi için lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kategorik değişkenler yorumlanırken Odds Ratio (OR) değerleri kullanılmış ve böylece referans kategoriler arasındaki farklar ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, misafir olunan ülkeye ekonomik olarak entegre olamayan ve iş ararken yabancı düşmanlığı gibi olumsuz durumlarla karşılaşan göçmenler, ülkelerine dönme eğilimindedir. Ülkeleriyle ilişkilerini güçlü tutan ülkelerindeki gelişmeleri takip etmeye çalışan göçmenlerin de geri dönüş eğilimi diğer göçmenlere göre daha yüksektir. Ayrıca kendi ülkelerinde sosyalleşme sürecini tamamlayan göçmenler ile anavatan dışında bu süreci tamamlayan göçmenler arasında uluslararası göç eğilimlerini etkileyen etkenler açısından farklılıklar bulunmaktadır.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Yüksek teknoloji ihracatı sürecinde inovasyonun etkisi: brıcs ülkeleri üzerine bir analiz
Durmaz, Atakan; Yıldız, Ümit
Bu çalışmanın amacı, BRICS ülkelerinde inovasyonun yüksek teknoloji ihracatı üzerindeki etkisinin olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak çalışmada ilgili ülkelerin AR-GE harcamaları, sahip oldukları patent sayıları ve yüksek teknoloji ihracatı arasındaki ilişkiler 1999-2018 dönemi için incelenmektedir. Panel veri tekniklerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, öncelikle serilerde yatay kesit bağımlılığının varlığı araştırılmıştır. Yatay kesit bağımlılığının belirlenmesinin ardından, serilerde yatay kesit bağımlılığının varlığı durumunda da uygulanabilen Pesaran (2007) birim kök testi ile serilerin durağanlığı araştırılmıştır. Sonrasında ise düzeyde durağan olmadığı belirlenen serilerin farkı alınarak durağan hale getirilmiş ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler panel sabit etkiler ve panel rassal etkiler yöntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın çıktılarında, çalışmaya konu olan ülkelerde, patent sayısı ve yüksek teknoloji ihracatı arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişkiye rastlanılmıştır. Buna göre inovasyonun, BRICS ülkeleri için yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatında önemli bir faktör olduğu görülmekte, bu ülkelerde yüksek katma değer yaratmak için inovasyon faaliyetlerine önem verilmesi gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Kamu Sağlık Harcamaları-İşgücü Verimliliği İlişkisi: Sinirsel Bulanık Yaklaşım
Durmaz, Atakan; Pabuçcu, Hakan
İşgücü verimliliği kavramı iktisat literatüründe çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu sebeple işgücüverimliliğinin belirleyicileri ve etkileri üzerine birçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise genelolarak kabul görmüş belirleyici değişkenlerin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada G20 ülkeleri için1997-2018 dönemini kapsayan veri seti kullanılmış ve yapay sinir ağı-bulanık mantık hibritmodellerinden olan ANFIS ile ilgili belirleyici değişkenlerin uzun dönemli etkileri tartışılmıştır.ANFIS model öğrenebilme ve güçlü karar verme yeteneğine sahip olan ve değişkenler arasındakidoğrusal olmayan ilişkilerin tespitinde sıklıkla kullanılan güçlü bir yöntem olması nedeniyleseçilmiştir. ANFIS modelin tespit edilen ilişkilere ait eşitlikler sunmaması sebebiyle, modelinürettiği iki ve üç boyutlu grafikler vasıtasıyla belirleyicilerin uzun dönemli etkileri tespit edilmiş veyorumlanmıştır.
AtıfTR Dizin5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019The Effects of International Sanctions on External Debt
Durmaz, Atakan; Akkuş, Ömer
In this study, the effects of international sanctions imposed by the United States (US) and multinationalinstitutions (European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN)) on the external debts of less developed or/anddeveloping countries are empirically assessed. Our sample includes 44 countries experienced internationalsanctions over the period 1976-2014. According to the results, the sanctions significantly increase the externaldebt of the target country. Moreover, if the targeted countries increase government expenditures against thesesanctions, it is seen that the tendency of these sanctions to increase external debt is lower in sanctioned periods.Adding to these, the effect of the type of regime in targeted countries on external debt varies according to thestate of government expenditures.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Econometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Sovereign Credit Ratings and Basic Macroeconomic Variables: An Application on the Upper Middle Income Countries
Durmaz, Atakan; Yıldız, Ümit
In the study beeing investigated therelationship between sovereign credit ratings and basic macroeconomic variables, sovereign credit ratings of 32 countries rated by Standard and Poors (S&P) and five independent variables were examined within the 2008-2017 period by using panel ordered probit model. The results show that as per capita income rises, the likelihood of credit ratings at BB + and lower levels is reduced, increasing the likelihood of having an investment grade BBB- and credit ratings on it. The increase in the per capita income in the countries in the upper middle income group increases the likelihood of reaching the highest BBB level while decreasing the possibility of passing the BB-. The opposite is true for inflation and interest rates. As the general level of prices and the interest rate increase, the rate of increase of the investable level of an upper middle income group decreases and the rate of speculative level increases. While the increase in the general level of prices has strongly increased the likelihood that the countries subject to the study are at the BB- level of the credit rating, it is also strongly reducing the likelihood of being at an investable level such as BBB. On the other hand, there is no systematic relationship between soverign creditratings and the unemployment rate and the exchange rate for the countries in the upper middle income group.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1The effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism channel in Turkey
Okur, Fatih; Akkuş, Ömer; Durmaz, Atakan
This study investigates on which channels the monetary transmission mechanism works effectively. In this context, quarterly data for the period 2005-2017 is used for Turkey and the variables used to determine the efficiency of the monetary transmission mechanism are analyzed by the VAR method. The obtained results indicate that the loans and reserves have a more effective role on the inflation as a channel of the monetary transmission mechanism. According to the long run results, while the exchange rate and reserves channel have a negative effect on the real GDP, it is revealed that loans have a positive effect on the real GDP in the long run stabilization.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ2The effect of government educational expendituron labor productivity in turkish manufacturing sector; [Utjecaj vladinih rashoda za obrazovanje na produktivnost rada: Ne-linearni ardl pristup na turski proizvodni sektor]
Durmaz, Atakan; Pabuçcu, Hakan
Labor productivity is very important phenomena to maintain the sustainable economic growth. Actually, there are many studies in the economic literature about determining the factors affecting labor productivity. At this point, this study aims to investigate the relationship between labor productivity and government educational expenditure by using the data covering the period of 1971-2015 for Turkey. To this aim, it is applied linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). By using the bound testing approach, the long run relationship between variables has been investigated. Both models have been applied to determine whether the relationship between variables is linear or nonlinear. An asymmetric relationship between labor productivity and government educational expenditure was determined. For this reason, nonlinear model is preferred. The empirical findings indicate that positive changes in educational expenditure has negative effect on labor productivity and negative changes in educational expenditure has positive effect on labor productivity. The long run coefficient of openness is significantly positive; the short run coefficient of it is significantly negative for all lags. On the other hand, the effect of GDP growth on the labor productivity is significantly positive in both short and long run. While the effect of average annual labor worked hours is significantly negative for the first two lags, it is significantly positive the last two lags in short run, it is positive but not significant in long run.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016The effects of migrants on international trade: an empiricial analysis of tur- kish migrants in mena countries
Durmaz, Atakan; Boz, Füsun Çelebi
There are different kinds of views about international migration movements on countries’ economics. Some of views supported that migrant, affected on emigrant countries’ economies negatively, other views supported that migrant affected on emigrant countries’ economies positively. However; accepted opinion is that the migrants, who have advantages of the knowledge of both homeland and where they live, affect the movements of international trade between the country they emigrated and the country where they live. Thus, there are studies in support of this situation in national and international literatures. However, this studies intended to regions and countries which occur mobilities of foreign trade intensely. In in this study differently from other studies tried to investigate situation of potential markets by selecting MENA regions which involve to as some of Middle East and North Africa countries in the some of books and in addition to some Central Asia countries. In this study, according to Labour of Social and Security Ministry of data in 2014 twenty countries are determined that are situated the highest Turkish immigrants and whether immigrants affect foreign trade between, if ıt effects, in related to a direction effect a study had been n gotten. In this study, extended gravity model which based on panel data set in the period of 2004 – 2013 has been used. And also, the effect of the number of immigrants has been studied by modeling foreign trade in general and its components separately. According to the results of the study, It has been found that the migration to these countries from turkey have a positive effect on Turkey imports
AtıfTR Dizin2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2015The evaluation of leadership and human capital factors comparatively: a case in public and private sector banks
Durmaz, Atakan; Kahya, Cem; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays
The concepts of leader and leadership have increased its important and value from past to present. Especially in last decades, with showing the globalization's effects extremely, the world have started to gain a locally market qualifications. This the new world order has made the competition more heavy and violent between the companies. At such an environment, it can be said that there are two primary factors that will able to provide the companies achieve their objectives and goals successfully and thereby gain the sustainable competitive advantage. These factors are leadership and human capital. When two important factors are used by the companies in effective and productive, it can be thought that they gain successfully outcomes. Thus in this study, it is purposed to analyze perceived leadership styles and human capital factors comparatively on the example of public and private sector banks and to reveal the differences between them.
AtıfTR Dizin4İncele - MakaleYalnız künye20142008 Global Economic Crisis and the Caucasus-Central Asia Turkish Diaspora
Durmaz, Atakan; Kalça, Adem
The economic crisis that started in the US and shook the whole world has affected all economies in some degree. The Central-Asian and Caucasian countries newly arising at world scene and having problems in developing and making use of the wealth they own have got their share of the crises. The economic crises, in addition to the structural (economic, social, political etc.) problems of the region, have had negative effects on the recent growth trend. However, the strongest effect of the crises has been on the Diasporas of the countries in the region. The exchanges from Diasporas take an importance place in the GNPs of the region's countries except from Kazakhstan. After all, the loss of income and job has disrupted Diaspora sources highly by the effect of the crises on the countries containing their Diasporas. During the period in which the crises mostly took its affect, especially Russia and Kazakhstan have imposed some sanctions over the migrant workers within their domestic policy. These sanctions have caused the Diaspora to have great income loss. Also, many migrants have been forced to turn back to their home countries, and this has led the already existing unemployment of those countries to rise up. The aim of this study is to present the extent to which the countries in the region are affected by this period and to state the precautions to be taken for the future in the scope of the crisis's effect on the Diaspora.
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