Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri
Aktaş, Yasemin
Bireylerin fiziksel ve zihinsel yetersizliğini ifade eden engellilik hâli tarih boyunca tüm toplumlarda karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Selçuklularda da engellilerin varlığı bilinmekle birlikte bu insanlardan devlet ve toplum hayatının her alanına dâhil edilenler olmuştur. Selçuklu sultanları sağlık sorunlarını çözmek amacıyla hastaneler inşa etmiş ve tıbbî çalışmaları desteklemişlerdir. Ayrıca sosyal yardımlaşmayı sağlamak için vakıflar kurmuş ve hankâhlar inşa etmişlerdir. İhtiyaç sahibi insanlar da buralardan faydalanabilmişlerdir. Selçuklu Türkiyesi’nde Ahîlik Kurumu da kendi bünyesinde Orta Sandığı yapılanmasıyla engelli bireylerin yanında yer almıştır. Bununla birlikte sosyal hayat içerisinde himaye edilen engelli bireylerin, idarî ve siyasî yapılanma içerisinde yer almasına da imkân tanınmış, bedensel engellilik liderlik ve komutanlık yapılmasında yetersizlik olarak görülmemiştir. Bu insanlardan engeliyle isimlendirilen Çolak Bâzdâr ile Topal Fahreddin Ali gibi devlet adamları askerî faaliyetlere yön vermişlerdir. Selçuklu devletlerinde engelli bireylerle kültürel hayat içerisinde de karşılaşılmaktadır. Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nden itibaren engelli âlimlerin yetiştiği görülmekle birlikte Türkiye Selçukluları devrinde kaleme alınan eserlerde de bedensel engellilik konusunda nakiller bulunmaktadır. Engelli bireyler, Selçuklu devletlerinde ötekileştirilmeden daima himaye edilmenin yanında siyasî ve askerî faaliyetlerin içerisinde yer alabilmiş, sosyal ve kültürel hadiselerde de varlıklarını gösterebilmişlerdir.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Earthquakes Affecting East Mediterranian Cities and Cyprus from Early 12th Century to Late 13th Century
Aktaş, Yasemin
An earthquake is a natural disaster that can occur in many geographical regions depending on fault lines. This phenomenon, also defined as quake, can have a wider effect and cause significant destruction and loss of life in proportion to its intensity. The mentioned disaster, occurring in many parts of the world, has also affected the coastal cities of the eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus during the various periods in history. It caused significant destruction and loss of lives in the region from Antioch to Syria, Egypt and Cyprus in 12 and 13th centuries. Among secondary disasters, the tsunamis had a great impact on the increase of the loss of lives in the earthquakes. Particularly, the earthquakes in 1170, 1202 and 1222 caused both destruction and significant casualties due to the tsunamis along with the earthquakes in 1114/1115 and 1157. The magnitude of earthquakes also affected the political and military conditions of the period along with the attitudes of the people and rulers. While people gathered outside the cities to save their lives during earthquakes, they had to live in tents until aftershocks ceased. The Muslim and non-Muslim administrators of the cities also tried to address the damage immediately after the earthquake. In addition, they requested help from the Crusader counts, the Pope, and other Christian leaders, and held councils to make new religious decisions. The Mosul Atabeg Nûreddin Mahmud focused on financial matters and supported reconstruction activities through tax regulation. With these initiatives, they aimed to achieve a quick recovery of the people and cities affected. In this way, they tried to eliminate the social, political, and economic devastations caused by the earthquakes that had a significant impact on the region.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Kilikya ermenilerinin çukurova’daki iktisadî faaliyetleri
Aktaş, Yasemin
Kilikya olarak da isimlendirilen Çukurova, stratejik konumundan dolayı tarih boyunca önemli bir bölge oldu. Bu coğrafyaya hâkim olmak isteyen birçok devlet ve topluluğun içinde Ermeniler de vardı. Ermeniler, 1071 Malazgirt Savaşı’ndan sonra Anadolu’daki yer değişimi neticesinde Çukurova’ya geldiler ve bölgede kendi hakimiyetlerini sağlamaya çalıştılar. Siyasî ilişkilerin yanında varlıklarını gösterebilme adına iktisadî kalkınmaya önem verdiler. İktisadî başarıyla da bölgedeki siyasî varlıklarını daha sağlam zemine oturtmaya çaba sarf ettiler. Bu kapsamda verimli ve zengin Çukurova topraklarını amaçlarına uygun olarak kullandılar. Bu zenginlikten en üst düzeyde fayda sağlamaya çalışan Ermeni hânedân liderleri, tarım ve hayvancılıktan madenciliğe kadar birçok iktisadî girişimde bulundular. Bu şekilde hem bölgeye dikkat çekmeyi hem de söz konusu zenginlikten siyasî noktada bir sonuç almayı hedeflediler. Ermeniler, bu kapsamda bölgenin her türlü ürününü ticarileştirdiler. Ayrıca başta Ceneviz ve Venedik olmak üzere çeşitli tüccar gruplarına yönelik iskân ve vergi muafiyeti tanıdılar. Böylece Çukurova’nın ticarî potansiyelini artırmaya yönelirken bölge ticareti ve ticaret yollarını da kendi kontrollerine almak için uğraş verdiler. Bu girişimlerini kanunlarla da destekleyen Ermeniler, kanunnâmeler ilan etiler. Böylece ticarî alanda düzen sağlayıp daha fazla gelir elde etmeyi amaçladılar. Bu çalışma, Kilikya Ermenilerinin XI. yüzyılın sonunda bölgeye gelip yerleşmelerinin akabinde söz konusu iktisadî kalkınma konusunda neler yaptığını ve hangi faaliyetlerde bulunduğunu ele almaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020The earthquakes in erzincan (xo-xv. centuries)
Aktaş, Yasemin
Having an important position in Anatolia, Erzincan was a social, cultural and commercially developed city. The city, which continued its development during the hegemonies of Mengücek, Seljuk and İlhanlı, was adversely affected by a number of political and social events. The fact that Erzincan is located on the Northeast Anatolian Fault Line is an important factor in experiencing these negative events. The earthquakes on this fault line have been the most devastating disaster in the region. In Erzincan, subjected to severe earthquakes during the history, significant destructions had occurred and thousands of people had lost their lives. Secondary disasters such as floods and landslides caused by severe ground shakes play an important role in the increase of casualties. Earthquakes in the Middle Ages have been tried to be explained due to certain reasons. The reason for the earthquakes in Erzincan is explained by being connected to a number of events such as God’s punishment for the bad lives of people or the mismanagement of the administrators. In this study, the earthquakes in Erzincan between XI-XV. centuries and their consequences are dealt with.
AtıfTR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Naibe Türkan Hatun in Salghurids and the Administration of Atabeg Abiş Hatun
Aktaş, Yasemin
The Salghurids are a state established in Shiraz. The Salghurids who were affiliated to the Iraqi Seljuks and then Harezmşahs in the period of their establishment, recently controlled by the Ilkhanate. Ilkhanate domination in the Persian region started when Atabeg Abu Bekr Sa’d agreed to pay tribute and then continued. After the reign of Atabeg Abu Bakr and his son II., the process in which Turkan Hatun and his daughter Abiş Hatun took the leader, and the governors of Ilkhanate took over, began in the Salghurids. Turkan Hatun first took the office as the regent of her son Muhammed. Hatun followed the peace policy with the Ilkhanate during his regency. She also made her influence in the state administration, in being an atabeg of her son-in-law Muhammed-shah b. after the reign of his son Muhammad. Türkan Hatun, who dismissed him when her son-in-law Muhammed-shah wanted to keep her away from the administration, appointed Selçuk-shah b. Salgurshah as atabeg. However, the regency of Türkan Hatun ended when she was killed by her husband Selçuk-shah. The political mistakes of Selçuk-shah started the process of the collapse of the Salghurids. When he was killed in the Battle of Kazerun, Abiş Hatun, the last leader of the Salghurids, was appointed as the atabeg. During the reign of Atabeg Abiş, there was a struggle for authority between local administrators and Ilkhanate orders. In addition to the political and military struggles in the last period when the governors of Ilkhanate were effective, the financial robberies of Ilkhanate and the famine that lasted for 3 years caused a great shock. The dispute with Seyyid Imadeddin, the regent of Argun Han and the murder of Imadeddin, brought the end of the Salghurids. In the line with the orders of Argun Han, the notable people of Shiraz were put in trial and punished. Abiş Hatun fell ill and died a year later. With the death of Abiş Hatun, Salgurlu rule in the Persian region ended
AtıfOpenAlex5TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Protocol Applications in Turkish Seljuq Empire
Aktaş, Yasemin
States carry out their political, military, commercial and social initiatives through ambassadors. There are some protocols about seeing, hosting and bidding farewell for the ambassadors who are welcomed by the palace officials called hosts. The geographical location, military and political power of Turkish Seljuq Empire prepared a basis for keeping in touch with the neighbouring states. Seljuq sultans and the ambassadors on behalf of the sultans have many meetings for reasons of ascending the throne, death, marriage, alliance, war, peace and commercial activities. Most of these meeting in Turkish Seljuq Empire have been carried out by the ambassadors. The protocol rules in these meetings are not always the same and they change according to the relations with the other states. The meetings start with ambassador’s presenting his gift and delivering the message. During these meetings, ostentatious welcoming ceremonies, feasts and entertainments have been organized and gifts have been presented. In this study, what kind of protocol rules have been followed about the welcoming, hosting and seeing of the ambassadors who have visited Turkish Seljuq Empire and those who have been sent by the Seljuq Empire will be analyzed
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele