Local Language Phenomena in Arabic and Linguistic Variants Seen in Iraqi Arabic in the Sixth Hijri Century in the Light of the Work Named Taqvîmu'l-Lisân

The existence of written sources for a certain variant of a language makes that variant prestigious compared to other languages and variants, and often gives that language the opportunity to reach the future with its ancient appearance. One of the languages that has managed to preserve its dynamism and originality for centuries is Arabic. Languages are means of communication that renew themselves in response to the needs of the age and thus continue to exist. When we look at the world's languages, it is seen that mostly the speakers of those languages cannot understand many of the words used a few centuries ago. Although it is not used among the public, it is a fact that the main factor in preserving the freshness and vitality of the Arabic language today, as it was fourteen centuries ago, is undoubtedly the Holy Quran. Throughout history, linguists who have studied Arabic have given great importance to language studies and written many works in order to preserve the correct reading and pronunciation of the Holy Quran. One of the works that was copyrighted in order to preserve the Arabic language and transmit it to the next generations while preserving its originality is the work called Taqwimu'l-Lisan by Ibn al-Jawzy (d. 597/1201). In this study, the reflections of the Arabic language on Iraqi Arabic in the sixth century Hijri are discussed, specifically in the work Taqwimu'l-Lisan of the Hanbali scholar Ibn al-Jawzy, who is known for his works in almost every branch of Islamic sciences. He was considered one of the authoritative names in the field because he received knowledge from the great language scholars of the period such as Ibn al-Jawzy and Abu Mansour al-Jawaliqy (d. 540/1145) and because he had dozens of works he compiled. Although Taqwimu'l-Lisan is not the first work that deals with language errors and corrections, it has managed to take its deserved place among the works written in this field, thanks to its regularity and fluent style. As the name suggests, the work was written with the aim of correcting the mistakes made by the people. Contrary to popular belief, the use of Ammiyyah of the Arabic language, which means local dialects and dialects, is not a phenome-non specific to today. On the contrary, when the sources and works on Arabic are carefully scanned, it will be seen that this is not the case. However, centuries ago, while some dialects were considered fasih, others were considered incorrect due to the distortions they contained. In this research, the Arabic of that day and today's Arabic were discussed comparatively, and thus, it was tried to reveal that the language variations, which were considered as language mistakes according to Ibn al-Jawzy centuries ago, still remain fresh today. In addition, it has been observed that some words that were considered Ammiyyah in the sixth century A.H. are accepted as fluent words in today's modern Arabic, and sometimes, on the contrary, it has been pointed out that words that were considered fluent in that period are considered Ammiyyah today. It is thought that this emerging truth arises from the dynamic and variable feature of language.